Hardboiled Front End Development — Found.ation
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This document summarizes a presentation on hardboiled front end development. It discusses CSS architecture including OOCSS, BEM, Sass and living styleguides. It also covers JavaScript modularity using tools like RequireJS and managing dependencies with Bower. Additional topics include automating tasks with Grunt, an overview of Angular and Backbone, and some useful JavaScript libraries and plugins.
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Hardboiled Front End Development — Found.ation
- 1. berlin amsterdam san francisco stuttgart edenspiekermann_ Hardboiled Front End Development Found.ation talk 10th June 2014
- 2. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ Introduction Web Developer at Edenspiekermann. ! Previously: – Head of Design @ DailySecret.com. – Head of Front End @ Liberis Publications. ! Enjoys: – CSS architecture. – Refactoring code. 2
- 3. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ Contents 1. CSS Architecture –OOCSS. Design modules, not pages. –BEM. Protecting scope. Hacking CSS. –Sass. Enabling modularity. Pitfalls of extending and using mixins. –Living Styleguides. Keeping the mess observable. –Best Practices. Class prefixes, shame.css, z-index.css. ! 2. Javascript Modularity –Modularity. Breaking the $(document).ready long file into modules. –Module Tools. Including functionality on demand with requireJS. –Automating tasks. Automating with Grunt and managing packages with Bower. –Frameworks. Angular, Backbone, a very quick overview. –Little useful tools. Backbone.wreqr, waypoints, owl carousel. 3
- 5. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ CSS Architecture CSS Advantages: – Fast, quick to put something out. – Small learning curve. – Easy to override defaults. ! Problems with CSS: – All the above :-). – No inherent modularity. – No scope. – Specificity. 5
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- 12. edenspiekermann_ Tools for modularity: – SMACSS – OOCSS
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- 14. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ CSS Architecture ! – Decouple Structure from Skin. – Modifier classes. – File structuring flexibility. – Tackle Specificity issue (completely). 14 SMACSS ✓ ✓ × × OOCSS ✓ × ✓ ×
- 19. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ body {! font-size: 100%;! font-family: Georgia, serif;! }! ! .o-chosen-select-box.chosen- container,.m-font- autocomplete{display:inline- block;position:relative;vertical- align:middle}.o-chosen-select- box .chosen-single,.m-font- autocomplete__input{background- color:#f9f8f3;color:#262626;-webkit-box- sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box- sizing:border-box;border:4px solid #fff;display:block;cursor:pointer;height:2.5em;line- height:1.25em;padding:0 2.125em;-webkit-transition:background- color 150ms,border-color 150ms;-moz-transition:background-color 150ms,border-color 150ms;! .l-modal__tooltip__pane{z-index:30}.o-error{z-index:10}.o- pulldown-panel__list{z-index:10}.l-tryout-page__canvas{z-index: 1}.l-tryout-page__header{z-index:30}.m-tryout- textblock__action{z-index:20}.m-tryout- textblock__editable{z-index:20}.m-tryout- textblock__placeholder{z-index:10}.m-font- autocomplete__dropdown,.o-chosen-select- box{z-index:40}.l-tryout-page__template- links,.l-tryout-page__bgimage-info{z- index:50}.l-tryout-page__meta-links{z- index:10000}.m-tryout-template-links —centered{z-index:10}! ! #footer .left-column .article ul.links > li a img {! border-color: #0A0;! }! CSS Architecture Scientifically proven fact: we can’t keep track of specificity throughout a CSS document. 19
- 20. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ .o-square {! height: 100px;! width: 100px;! }! ! .o-square--black {! background-color: black;! }! ! .o-square--green {! background-color: green;! }! ! .o-square__inner-circle {! border-radius: 100%;! }! ! .o-square__inner-circle--blue {! background-color: blue;! }! CSS Architecture Enter BEM. – BEM stands for Block Element Modifier. – Works like this: .block _ _ element - - modifier – Self explanatory in both HTML & CSS. – Shields object’s scope. ! Things to remember: – Never nest selectors (to ensure specificity == 1). – Always & only, use classes. – One object per file. 20
- 22. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ CSS Architecture Advantages: – Nice overview of all your objects. – Enforces good practices. – Enhances developer — designer collaboration. – Helpful for context free development. ! Challenges: – Hard to initially set up. – If not set up correctly, can have dulicate views in production & styleguide. – Same object, different data issues. ! Tools: – https://github.com/kneath/kss – http://livingstyleguide.org – http://kaleistyleguide.com/ 22
- 23. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ gem install kss CSS Architecture Setting up KSS. – Install gem. 23
- 24. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ @styleguides = Kss::Parser.new(“/ public/css“)! CSS Architecture Setting up KSS. – Install gem. – Parse CSS folder into an object. 24
- 25. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ CSS Architecture Setting up KSS. – Install gem. – Parse CSS folder into an object. – Iterate object in view. 25 - @styleguides.each do |styleguide|! - [...]!
- 26. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ /*! The global button object.! ! .button - Primary button.! .button--green - Green variation.! ! Styleguide 1.0 Button! */! ! .button {! height: 20px;! text-align: center;! width: 100px;! }! ! .button--green {! background-color: green;! }! CSS Architecture Setting up KSS. – Install gem. – Parse CSS folder into an object. – Iterate object in view. – Use the magic KSS syntax. 26
- 28. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ CSS Architecture Sass enables: – Modular file structure with @import globbing. – Eliminating inconsistencies. Vars for colours, typographic rythm units, breakpoints, animation durations. ! Pitfalls: – “Mixins” print content inside of rule. Duplicate content. – “Extends” group selectors where used. Rules are moved out of intended place, watch out for split CSS files. – Slow compiling of too many files, in Rails. Use libsass. 28
- 30. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ CSS Architecture Tips: – Helpful to prefix classes (“o-“, “l-“, “m-“), that way you recognize their type in markup. – Prefix JS hooks with “js-“. That way HTML/CSS restructuring doesn’t affect javascript functionality. – Use “is-” for dynamic states, induced by JS. For different kinds of states, use BEM modifiers. – Put all rushed code in shame.css. Always write reason of inclusion in comments. – Keep all z-index values in z-index.css and always use increments of 10 or more. 30
- 33. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ $(document).ready(function() {! ! $(window).on('resize', resizeHandler);! app.windowWidth = $window.width();! app.windowHeight = $window.height();! ! $(window).on("resizestart", function(){! app.vent.trigger('fs:resize-start', app.windowWidth, app.windowHeight);! }).on("resizestop", function(){! app.vent.trigger('fs:resize-stop', app.windowWidth, app.windowHeight);! });! ! //Scrolling event, debounced at 500ms! $(window).on("scroll", function(){! var scrollFunc = _.debounce(function() {! app.vent.trigger('fs:scroll', $ (this).scrollTop());! }, 500);! scrollFunc();! });! ! // Show the targeted offscreen panel by emitting the offscreen-panel:show event.! // Creates one offscreen panel if it doesn't exist already (as in editor or languages list)! $(document).on('click', ".js-show- offscreen-panel, .js-family-finder- trigger", function(event){! Breaking long script files into chunks Traditional approach: one long file – Variable scope problems. – Duplicate logic. – Error prone. – Impossible to maintain. 33
- 34. edenspiekermann_ Axiom: Projects will ALWAYS scale. https://www.flickr.com/photos/astrid/2583356797
- 35. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ ...! ! <script src="jquery.js"></script>! <script src="module1.js"></script>! <script src="module2.js"></script>! <script src="module3.js"></script>! ! </body>! </html>! Breaking long script files into chunks Alternative approach: Split & Include manually – Too much manual labour. – How do you handle common dependencies? – Conflicts in the global object. – Order of loading is important. 35
- 36. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ define([ Breaking long script files into chunks Better approach: Modularize everything – Create a new file and define a module. 36
- 37. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ define([! "jquery",! "jquery-ui"! ],! function ($, jqueryUI) {! Breaking long script files into chunks Better approach: Modularize everything – Create a new file and define a module. – State its dependencies. 37
- 38. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ define([! "jquery",! "jquery-ui"! ],! function ($, jqueryUI) {! ! var init = function (options) {! //...implement logic! };! ! init(options);! ! });! Breaking long script files into chunks Better approach: Modularize everything – Create a new file and define a module. – State its dependencies. – Implement your logic. 38
- 39. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ JS Module Creation Tools – requireJS. http://requirejs.org – Browserify. http://browserify.org – Webpack. http://webpack.github.io 39
- 40. edenspiekermann_ Automating your workflow with off-browser JS.
- 41. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ module.exports = function(grunt) {! ! // Load libs! grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-watch');! grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-jshint');! grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-requirejs');! ! // Project configuration.! grunt.initConfig({! pkg: '<json:package.json>',! jshint: {! options: {! curly: true,! eqnull: true,! browser: true,! sub: true,! boss: true! }! }! ! // Define task.! grunt.registerTask('syntax', ['jshint:src']);};! Automating tasks with Grunt (http://gruntjs.com) Things you can do: – Get immediate feedback on syntax errors. – Live reload project. – Minify, uglify, pack code. – Also, use requireJS optimizer. – libSass. Blazingly fast Sass compilation. – Image compression. –Control everything from one config file: gruntfile.js ! – Alternative: Gulp (http://gulpjs.com). Lot of buzz lately. 41
- 42. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ {! "name": "Fontshop Relaunch",! "version": "1",! "dependencies": {! "fittext": "",! "jquery": "1.11",! "underscore": "",! "backbone": "",! "backbone.wreqr": "",! "backbone.marionette": "",! "modernizr": "",! "picturefill": "",! "jquery-waypoints": "",! "jquery-sortable": "",! "OwlCarousel": "",! "jasmine.async": "",! "angular": "",! "angular-chosen-localytics": "",! "angular-local-storage": "",! "ng-clip": "",! "zeroclipboard": ""! }! }! Manage Dependencies with Bower (http://bower.io) Things you can do: – Manage dependencies from one file. – You can specify version of scripts. – You can change folder (to fit your folder structuring). ! Things you can’t do: – Include in page automatically. Use requireJS for that :). 42
- 43. A wee bit of JS frameworks & tools. edenspiekermann_
- 44. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ Backbone and Angular in Fontshop. 1. Backbone – FS wasn’t an SPA. Used Backbone as a structuring tool for our JS modules. – Helpful events object, this.$(“…”) selector, initializers. – Create multiple instances easily. – Enforces good OO practices. ! 2. Angular – Used it in the tryout (http://next.fontshop.com/tryout) section. – No boilerplate code. – Provides one point of change (Model). – Very quick to set functionality up. 44
- 45. Hardboiled Front End Development 10.06.2014edenspiekermann_ Some small favorite scripts :) Backbone.wreqr (https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.wreqr) – True events based apps. – Enable true modularity. ! Waypoints (http://imakewebthings.com/jquery-waypoints) – No more scrolling window, object, offset calculations. – Also, sticky headers, easily done. ! owlCarousel (http://www.owlgraphic.com/owlcarousel) – Touch based (draggable). – Responsive be default. – Uses CSS 3D transforms, where possible. ! 45
- 46. berlin amsterdam san francisco stuttgart edenspiekermann_ Thank you. Spiros Martzoukos, Web Developer tw @martzoukos T +49 157 84340808 ! s.martzoukos@de.edenspiekermann.com www.edenspiekermann.com