2. WHAT IS MOTIVATION?
• According to Michael Jucious “Motivation is the act of stimulating
someone or oneself to get a desired course or action.”
• Motivation refers to the forces within a person that affect his or her
direction intensity and persistence of voluntarily behaviour.
• key elements
1. Intensity: How hard a person tries
2. Direction: Towards beneficial goals.
3. persistence: How long a person tries.
3. • Motivation is act of managers
• Motivation is continuous process.
• Motivation can be positive or
negative
• Motivation is goal oriented
• motivation is complex in nature
• Motivation is an art.
• Motivation is system oriented.
Features of motivation
4. Maslow’s theory of motivation
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory proposed by
Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper “A Theory of
Human Motivation” in Psychological Review.
• Abraham maslow psychologist Profounded a theory
of human motivation ,he identified five sets of
human needs.
• Lower needs need to be satisfied for higher needs
can be met.
• Needs such as physiological , safety, love and esteem
must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly.
• As soon as we are motivated to satisfy needs we are
moving toward self actualization.
• Not satisfying needs can make us sick or act angrily.
5. Maslow theory of human motivation
• Physiological needs- Are those required to sustain life such as air ,water,
food, sleep.
• Safety needs- Safety and security in order to free from safety of physical
and emotional harm such as living in safe area ,medical insurance ,job
security, financial reserves.
• Social needs-Interaction with others. They may include friendship,
belonging to a group ,giving and receiving love
• Esteem needs-Some esteem needs are are self respect ,achievement,
attention ,recognition and reputation.
• Self actualization - Is the summit of Maslows hierarchy of needs . Self
actulazied people tend to have needs such as truth, justice, wisdom, and
meaning.
6.
7. MCGREGOR’S THEORY X AND THEORY Y
• In 1960, Douglas McGregor first presented his idea on ‘
Theory x and Theory Y’ in a classic article “ The human
slide of Enterprise”.
• He formulated to models of management based on
hierarchy in to lower order needs ( Theory X) and higher
order needs( THEORY Y)
• These theories are based on human behaviour in
management.
• It concludes dual aspect of human being.
• Our management style is strongly influenced by our
belief and assumptions about what motivates member
of your team; if you believe that team member dislike
work you will have an authoritarian style of management
;on the other hand if you assume that employees take
pride in doing a good job you will tend to adopt a more
participation style.
8. Theory X and theory y
THEORY X
• People are not creative, they are
dull and lack rational thinking.
• Average people are irresponsible,
transfer or buck pass the
responsibility to others
• Lazy, hate works, excuses for not
doing work.
• Prefer to do routine work,they do
not like to have a change in their
work.
Theory Y
• People are creative, they can come
up with innovative ideas, if
properly motivated.
• People are responsible
• People are active and alert, works
as sports
• Prefer challenging task
• People are ready to accept new
ideas, they prefer to change with
the changing situation.
