1. WHAT ARE THE FIVE
STAGES OF MINERAL
RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT CYCLE 1.Prospecting
2.Exploration
3.Development
4.Exploitation
5.Reclamation
2. 5 FACTORS TO CONSIDER
WHEN SELECTING WHICH
MINING METHOD TO USE
1.Location and
shape of the
deposit
2.Strength of the
rock
3.Ore grade
4.Mining
cost/budget
5.Current market
price of the
3. WHAT TYPE OF MINING IS
REPRESENTED BY THE
PICTURE?
Underground Mining
Relatively costly and
frequently used to get to
deeper deposits, underground
mining involves digging down
into the earth and creating
tunnels and shafts that reach
the deposits of resources.
4. WHAT TYPE OF MINING IS
REPRESENTED BY THE
PICTURE?
Open Pit Mining
A surface mining
technique of extracting
rock or minerals from the
earth from an open-air
pit, sometimes known as
a borrow.
5. WHAT TYPE OF MINING IS
REPRESENTED BY THE
PICTURE?
Strip Mining
A mineral-extraction process
in which a layer or seam of
undesired material (called
“overburden”) is removed
from the surface of an area to
allow efficient access to a
desired material existing
underneath the layer being
stripped.
6. WHAT TYPE OF MINING IS
REPRESENTED BY THE
PICTURE?
Placer Mining
An ancient method of using
water to excavate, transport,
concentrate, and recover
heavy minerals from alluvial
or placer deposits
7. 3 MINING HAZARDS
1.Collapsing mine
roof or fires
2.Exposure to
agents causing
diseases of the
lungs
3.Causes water
pollution
8. Comment your Kahoot
Scores in the chat box.
EX. 5/5
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/interactive/basics-fossil-
fuels-kahoot/
11. WHAT ARE FOSSIL
FUELS?
Decomposing plants and other
organisms, buried beneath layers of
sediment and rock, have taken millennia
to become the carbon-rich deposits we
now call fossil fuels.
These non-renewable fuels, which include
coal, oil, and natural gas, supply about 80
percent of the world’s energy.
When fossil fuels are burned, they
release carbon dioxide and
other greenhouse gases, which in turn
trap heat in our atmosphere, making them
the primary contributors to global
warming and climate change.
14. TYPES OF FOSSIL
FUEL
Solid
Black or brown chunks of
sedimentary rock that range from
crumbly to relatively hard
Began to form during
the Carboniferous period about
300 to 360 million years ago, when
algae and debris from vegetation
in swamp forests settled deeper
and deeper under layers of mud.
Mined via surface or underground
methods
Coal supplies one-third of all
energy worldwide, with the top
COAL
15.
16. TYPES OF COAL
ANTHRACITE COAL: The highest rank of
coal. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous
coal, often referred to as hard coal,
containing a high percentage of fixed carbon
(86%–97%) and a low percentage of volatile
matter.
BITUMINOUS COAL: A middle rank coal
between sub-bituminous and anthracite.
Bituminous coal usually has a high heating
value and is used in electricity generation
and steel making in the United States.
Bituminous coal is blocky and appears shiny
and smooth when you first see it, but look
closer and you might see it has thin,
alternating, shiny and dull layers. It
contains 45%–86% carbon.
SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL: Is black in color
and is mainly dull (not shiny). Subbituminous
coal has low-to-moderate heating values and
The ranking depends on the types and
amounts of carbon the coal contains and
on the amount of heat energy the coal can
produce.
17. TYPES OF FOSSIL
FUEL
Liquid
Composed mainly of carbon and
hydrogen and is often black, but
exists in a variety of colors and
viscosities depending on its
chemical composition.
Much of it formed during the
Mesozoic period, between 252 and
66 million years ago, as plankton,
algae, and other matter sank to the
bottom of ancient seas and was
eventually buried.
Extracted from onshore and
offshore wells, crude oil is refined
into a variety of petroleum
OIL
18. TYPES OF FOSSIL
FUEL
Gas
An odorless gas composed
primarily of methane.
Often lies in deposits that,
like those for coal and oil,
formed millions of years ago
from decaying plant matter
and organisms.
U.S. leads the world in
natural gas production,
followed by Russia and Iran.
Used to heat homes, power
NATURAL GAS
19.
20. IMPORTANCE
• Fossil fuels are found in 96% of items we use in each
day.
• Fossil fuels are of great importance because they can
be burned, producing significant amounts of energy per
unit mass.
• We need fossil fuels for our food, water, electricity and
transportation.
23. ONE WORD YOU CAN ASSOCIATE WITH
THE TERM GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
24. WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY?
First used in Italy in 1904.
It is the heat (from slow decay of radioactive
particles) that comes from the sub-surface of the
earth. It is contained in the rocks and fluids
beneath the earth’s crust and can be found as
far down to the earth’s hot molten rock, magma.
To produce power from geothermal energy, wells
are dug a mile deep into underground reservoirs
to access the steam and hot water there, which
can then be used to drive turbines connected to
electricity generators.
Top three countries producing geothermal power
are US, Indonesia and Philippines.
There are three types of geothermal power
plants: dry steam, flash and binary.
25. TYPES OF
GEOTHERMAL POWER
PLANTS
The oldest form of geothermal
technology and takes steam out of
the ground and uses it to directly
drives a generator that produces
electricity.
The steam eliminates the need to
burn fossil fuels to run the turbine
(also eliminating the need to
transport and store fuels).
These plants emit only excess steam
and very minor amounts of gases.
Steam technology is still effective
today at currently in use at The
Geysers in northern California, the
world's largest single source of
DRY STEAM PLANTS
26. TYPES OF
GEOTHERMAL POWER
PLANTS
The most common type of
geothermal power generation plants
in operation today.
Fluid at temperatures greater than
360°F (182°C) is pumped under high
pressure into a tank at the surface
held at a much lower pressure,
causing some of the fluid to rapidly
vaporize, or "flash." The vapor then
drives a turbine, which drives a
generator. If any liquid remains in
the tank, it can be flashed again in a
second tank to extract even more
energy.
When the steam cools it condenses
into water and is injected into the
FLASH STEAM PLANTS
27. TYPES OF
GEOTHERMAL POWER
PLANTS
Binary cycle geothermal power
generation plants differ from Dry Steam
and Flash Steam systems in that the
water or steam from the geothermal
reservoir never comes in contact with
the turbine/generator units.
Low to moderately heated (below
400°F) geothermal fluid and a
secondary (hence, "binary") fluid with a
much lower boiling point than water
pass through a heat exchanger. Heat
from the geothermal fluid causes the
secondary fluid to flash to vapor, which
then drives the turbines and
subsequently, the generators.
Binary cycle power plants are closed-
loop systems, and virtually nothing
BINARY CYCLE PLANTS
28. ADVANTAGES
•It is good for the environment.
•It is a renewable source of energy.
•It is a stable and reliable power source.
•It conserves fossil fuels.
29. DISADVANTAGES
•Can only be used in certain geologically
active areas
•Piping system requires large areas of land
•Initial costs can be high
•Uses lots of water
30. TRUE OR FALSE
_______________1. Geothermal energy is 68% carbon
and takes lots of fuel to
work the machinery.
_______________2. One of the many pros to using
geothermal energy is that the
generators can be placed
anywhere above ground or under.
_______________3. Geothermal generators are very
eco-friendly but takes lots
of money to construct.
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
31. RIDDLE ME
“I am a Big part of her Body,
Your Country always needs me,
I am shapeless like air. But you need me Badly.
I am there when you’re Thirsty.”
The question is, who is he? WATER
32. RIDDLE ME
“I am Fast,
I can come through any Metal with Glance,
I can torch down a Tree with just a Smite with my
Hands,
With just a Static I can make you Dance.”
ELECTRICITY
33. RIDDLE ME
I am Mad.
I am so Mad, That everything that pass through me
gets Mad and creates Madness. Madness that cures
Madness.
I am the Reverse of Mad.
If I’m not Mad then who am i? am I Mad?
DAM
35. ONE WORD YOU CAN ASSOCIATE WITH
THE TERM HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
36. WHAT IS HYDROELECTRIC
ENERGY?
One of the first sources of energy used for
electricity generation
• Understanding the water cycle is important to
understanding hydropower. The water cycle has
three steps:
1. Solar energy heats water on the surface of rivers,
lakes, and oceans, which causes the water to
evaporate.
2. Water vapor condenses into clouds and falls as
precipitation—rain and snow.
3. Precipitation collects in streams and rivers,
which empty into oceans and lakes, where it
evaporates and begins the cycle again.
• The amount of precipitation that drains into rivers
and streams in a geographic area determines the
amount of water available for producing
hydropower. Seasonal variations in precipitation
and long-term changes in precipitation patterns,
such as droughts, can have large effects on the
availability of hydropower production.
37. WHAT IS HYDROELECTRIC
ENERGY?
Because the source of
hydroelectric power is water,
hydroelectric power plants are
usually located on or near a water
source.
In general, the greater the water
flow and the higher the head, the
more electricity a hydropower
plant can produce.
At hydropower plants water flows
through a pipe, or penstock, then
pushes against and turns blades in
a turbine to spin a generator to
produce electricity.
39. ADVANTAGES
•Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be
produced at a constant rate.
•Hydropower is fueled by water, so it’s a clean
fuel source.
•Hydroelectric power is not that expensive.
40. DISADVANTAGES
•Dams are extremely expensive to built and
must be built to a very high standard.
•Relocation of many people
•Hydropower is vulnerable to drought
