This 3-sentence summary provides the key details from the document: The document is an engineer's mini-notebook published by Radio Shack that contains circuit diagrams and descriptions of basic electronic components and circuits, along with brief explanations of their functions and operating principles. The notebook states that it is for educational and experimental purposes only, and readers are responsible for determining if any circuit can be used commercially or in consumer products. Contact information is provided for technical support, but it is noted that personal responses cannot be guaranteed due to high volume.

1. Radio /hack
A Division of Tandy Corporation
Fort Worth, TX 76103
FHifT'ED U IJ ."i
0 "40Z93MD537
Engineer's
Mini-Notebook

2. CI RCUIT MBOLS
FIXED
RESISTOR CAPftc^ToR CAPftC^ToR
RECTIFIER/ Z£M£fi- PNP NPrO
[JVoCE Diode TRAMSiStoft TGfrw^iST^>R
LED
WIRES
CELL
PH OTO -
t
PMOTO-
RELAY
opem closed
U I
LAMP BftTTEftV OP^ AMP
1

3. r
-t-
_._
- A
TED By. i^k AuTKOft A.S__XK£ .eoofc wAs^-
_P£yELOpenj-
CfRGurr TO
GjuEM MtRE, THEfteFoRE THE A^JT^^I>R /^WP
RADfQ SHACK ASSWME. MO f^£S P^frJ S f g/^ ^rV foR „
—fejft
^.-icOhJlROC OuEft TH£ USE, -ro „_
.|__ilWFORjHATlDhJ l>J THIS SOOlc IS PvTj ]
_;&.£Su£.T'^JG F-fttsM ITS (JSt, OF t:ou!^^E IT
—lis YouR ft-Es POWS lER/TY TD. DET£ftHlM£ jff
CaMri£RC(At- USE., ^At-^ oR H C TVR £ ^
-
Of AWY DEVICE THAT WCOfiPDEAjES /^JftJfl^
HAT^OAJ, iAJ , Thus BOOK JwF.Ai/yiff£5 ,
jfl/uV
- - - —I
-f_
Put TUt, NAwy ^UQujRiES ^^CJ^WB^D
.
Radio shack Amd the. fiturHOR^ it ts «oT
POSSJ£tE TO PfiO^fOE PER^OWHt ft£SPONS£S .
CcusTOK c?^ir oesiiJiM ^ technical ADV IC£.^_]__
,TTlOU6L£5Hot3Tf)S AOi/ "CE ,
ETC.)- |F Vou j ^
5££ iJTHeff BoOfc^S tr^ THIS Seftt£^_._/l/jo/^
MD(0 shack's "^£TT/rcS STfiJlTED i
/Al j
J j
I
ELfcTFJ.cAjjcs. * ALSO, Read ma^iaz/wEs titt
ztjiKTeobuciioift
riitm
Basic imverTimg M®f:
UNITY GAIN inverter:
MON-lNVERTlMG AtAPLlFIER .
UNITY-GAIN FOLLOWER Ll
TRANSCOHbUCTAWCE AWPlIFIER
TRAUSl^APE[)ftHC£ AWPLlFlER_
,SIW(SL£-SL!PPLY A^AP.LIFIER
AUDIO ^^APL1FIER
SUNAMINS AMPLlFlEi
DIFFERENCE. A^APLIFle6
DUAL-SUPPLV IWTEGRATOR ^
S1NGI.E:-SUPPLY IMTEGRATOR'
DUAL-£,UPPLY DIFFERENTIATOR
SI.MSLE- SUPPLY DIFFEPiblTlATOSL
.PEAK [JETECTOe
INVERTING CLIPPER:
WON- INVERT IMG CLIPPER.-
-EVSTA&LE RS FLIP-FLOP
'
-W^DI^JOSTAEsLE ^ALJLT^VI&RATC^R„.

4. ikSiC WINDOW COM^fKRM.^
argrapk voltmeter.
a&HT -ACTUATED liELAV&.
i-lGWT-ACTiy/vTED ALERTER
3ARK-ACTlVAm[i ALERTER
__1 JGHT-SEW^lTlVE :OS.CJLLATORS
-WGH -SE WSlTlVlTV . Lifi.t4_T._METES
"6UND-LEVEL ^^ETER_|^
---4-
iCJUMfc-AcrwATEb REiiA
PlEZO ELEMEWT DR1/ER.,
iW- PAS^ FILTER
IGH^PASS FILTER
WOTCkA FILTER^
UNABLE &AMDPAS& -t.
lIni-color .or£;an . X
^aUARE WAVE c^EMERA"
mE WAVE OSCILLATOR. _
I- -f-
.yb-iJ. EAftLV DP-AMPS USE-D VACLjuM tu
iCClMSlbER-AgLE PojueR. I
(Ml i^Ul FAJRCHILJ5_
[sEmiCOWOuctdB. INTRO0L»CEt> TH£ FlR^t
I.IWTE6PATE& CIRCUIT OP'AMP, TODAV'S
:0,P-AMP5 ARE FAR SUPERIOR TU THEJR
VACUUM, TUBE PREDECESSORS. AmD £y ..
AfeE KvjcH Smaller, awd caw ee purchasSh
I- t
l[mt.r:o:'
mil! iiFlEtijtTiowi,!] 1^ aPl OP^A^AP
A lAlSH PERPOftWlAWdE .UM£AR AMPUREfl
.-t--UU-lTrt Aw AM^^JNS VARIETY .OF. USES- THEl
-C^H.AMP .[.bkAS-LTlMO IMPUT;£,^-:i>jlVERTJMS Cr:)
Atib Wo^fjrvrjyEKTifrJG (+1 1 ANb:owE OuTFlur,.
POlAB^tV of a SitSwAL APPLIED TO THE'
AWVERTIMS iMPtT IS KEV/£RSElj). AT,. THE. .-
iciuTPuT, A £i(SKJAL APPLIED .rro ..nkE-Aj6MrL
llMVERTIWS »MPuT--.^TAiWS..-.4T.£j.^^siA|Rjb:t-A^
-OTEl,,.. OUTPUT, i. ,L.i LU-f
6P-AMP IS OETERMlwfiD &Y 'A^ FEicbBAC
__.:.REsiSTOft TKAT FEECiS SOME Of THE, ^
JiKAPLlFlED Sy<SWAL FROM THE OuTpUTT-i. Ta-TWE-L-
UhlV£RTl>0t3 ImPUT, this REDUCES -- tHE-L
'
4.A*-VPLITU&E OF THE OUTPUT SKSN^AL, MEKICE.
'n
HEBLELJS. A BASIC |/o;&Rti'wS_; AMP
MftQEI ;W1TH AN DP-AMP:.
- I I I f ' I I i ; ;
I ; I
1-4
:
4 1
4.'mE £MM IS lWC£PEM&Ef0T oF T^E SUPPLY.
V0LTA6E. MotE- THAT THE UiOOSED tMPU^
, IS GftOUMDEDi THEREFORE. THE OP-AMP.:_
AMPLlFltS THE t>IFPeftEMC& BeTwEEW THi_
4WPuT CVihi") AMD (3ROOWD C° ^^LTSy .TH£
L J
A- QLEf^ERE-MTJAJL .
A

5. .
J-
_bpt&Mt.. -EQRM A .CLOSEO. FEEDBACK LOOP. WWEhJ
IS Omitted., .t>4£ op-ftwp. is savb tt? se in itsJ_
REW Loop MoeE,_TH£ .OP-Afi^P 1>*£W £XHJga£ MA>fi^
UM SAlM, But Jt!s ^.CJUTPuT them SWlK?es FROM
Fi»LL -m Full off .oft vice. ^e^SA for vEeyj
WALL CHANGES rW INPUT VOLTAGE- THEREPO^E.^
l_iTH£ 0P£^3 LO0P MODE IS MOT PEACTICAL FOfi _L_.
^L.IWEAR AMPi-lFlCATlOM, f.WSTEAD THIS MDD£ liL4
. J^Eli TD iKlDtCATt WJHEw THE VOLTAGE AT OWE;
^WPUT DlFFEftS FSOM TWAT . AT THE OTH£R. (W
].4rHVS MODt TT^E OP-AMP IS CALLED A ComPAR.-
f -
OS.
4-
I^ST :OP-ANvP£ LAiicI
„A.CJi>AL POLAfc^T^' Pqu^er. Supply, here is :a_
rVOLT .EATT£fll£.S;.i_-! '
-r-l-
I '
'
'
JMPOftTANT : m!£. .LLtAb.S
OP-AMP 5H0Ui.D fie 5HoftT Akj& DIRECT. I
EXCEED ABouT i INCKES, THE OP-AMP
---j34EPL)L..,BlNS MUST BE BYPASSED GV CoW^JECir-
.m&l A?0.1>-F CAPACITOR 6E1WEEW EACH
Power supply Pj« a^jD GftouMD. OTHERyjisEi.
T>^E OP-AMP MAY OSCILLATE OR FAlL TD j.
OPERATE PftOPEBLY- ALwA^VS <JS& FRESH BATTERJES,
fiOTR MUST SUPPLY THE SAME VOLTASE. BE_L
_SqKe the EAttepy clips are cleam And
jnfiHT. MEV/ER apply, am ImPjt.SIGmAL ..WKE^Jsa
—
_. L.
SipJ^cjlElldATlOKiSl, ! Of? .IWj!H.iClA. ABE..-^
qU iTHfi :
PGLf QUylMt^, PA££S> ..-THOSE j
WK^StJ...
Ifc-ein^U^ 15 ^tyt
jQ^
V-^otJ 5-
l^de'! I
1 I I
jJpJr OFFSET VOLTAGE Evetsi W^T^^.Uo. OfriPilT
_vdkTA66 AN .OP-AMP SIVES A VERY. -SM^^f -L_
_ QllTeuX-.^tJLT-Afifi...,T>lE^ OFFSET .VOLTAtSE; lk-^T1?A:
. lilkltii_y^W.W£W ,TD JaiP
-.J t —^— 1
~ ~ "
I"
^ X — - J- ^ I
I—r
-
q 1 Tfc
f ^ ^.kH.
Ic&N^KOiJ M&DE RErEcTtOW RATJD - THlsLu
MEAS^URt OF THE AglL/TY. QF .Aw OP*AMP. Tffi_ i
fitlECT a; S^xSwAl^L-SlkULTAkiEdUSLY-. APBLIJEO
T& 'BDTHj-iWPuTsj-J-L.I-J- L_i— r—
„ JnUrfi
A|J.^x(ErAitft.4w!lLi^Eu_MaTiOtJ...i_[Tl^^
AfJIoP-Aiai?3;eyi^oF__.^.^
MVC.W5E.C.OUD; .MJHEwI
L;Soiki;LS' substitote' DI
1.0p-iAM.P.S:. JW- A-C!RjCUlTx FOR EXAMPLE^,..! Upfi
A'.tHSe DUAL Of^^AMP IN. A .CiRduiT -fMftlL-j^
B^auiRES TVJO T-ll oP-AMP^. . g.^. SuR.Ei.-ra_
.KEEP TRACt OF PIM DlFFEtlEWCES.. . f^OR L
,VERY IwPuT RESlSTAMCE AmO LCHAJ
fOPERATlMS CUftR£wT , USE CS^QS Oprt A
lUSe A, mtJH- iMpeOAr^CE VOLTMETER.
|M£iKJirO.R THE OUTPUT OF AW ,
ORt^
IIS AMPLlFYlM<fi A d C. VttTAtSE.- . A! CilSCll'J. _
FAILS TD VUORK, REMOVE |K;Pur Si<JJAL FJgST-
.THEW DiSCowweCT . PowEa AWp CMECK -THE.
-JlgjiUS... .U^.&. jPffE|Sa_-£^TfegJ^" '
' ' '
'
'

6. ST OP-AMF
.££^)£RP-u PURPOSE
IS
USEjSlMPLt TO
'beliasls, , And ^_
-41T 43 USEP tiw
Mb5T CljicO^TS _
lii._JHlS ..tpQK^
ii9?Ci VOLTA
-
i i
1 I. i
I
; I
I i I
h i
I
M I
I'
si^pPi.S'-: VOLTAGE-! whem . %u??ci jolta^e is
^RACTERISTICS_":
kipyr. OFFSET voLTAsil
siievj - BATE :
;_7.0 TO qO d&
iSi. TO. l.S.MWz
.Li_hw.OL 4wDE.PEM0£NT-
£>P"AmPS 1^0 A
SIKJ^J-E PftCKASE,
THE AMPLIFIERS ,_
.SHARt COf-iMOW !_^
Stbu£9. SUPPLV P/4s.
JJSE TO. REPLACE..
-P6w£^ Oiss I PATlONl.
DAPFEdEWTlAL JMPUtI _tfQLTA*
flO-TfuT SHORT Cl^iCUiT TiMt
JpefLAT UslS-H-TEM P ER ATu
. ,—
.
...1_
NOTt-1-: .lbJ.PAJ.T VOLTAGE ShoULD
iWOEF^lWl _
WOT Excedb.
:dftKkACTER^STiC*
.—H-l-i 1-1-4—1-4-4-
IW.P.UT Of FStr _V£>ikftj
iWPUT ftESlSTAWCe.
l^/^JLT^(5e gain
common-Mods, rejection LgjcciD- bo to qods
SUPPLY -.CURRENT. -CNiOT.-?^
-4-3 TD iKinf^
I-lOiOOO tC ILO-Ota.
. 5.;T0 5,(p m
._BS.^.k/.^

7. i
—
Aim
il *fM3
4 I
I
k
+- - —n
SIO ^«VJ .
_LWPUT VOLTAGE '. TO + S^V
— OUTPUT SHORT CIRCUIT (notE i) CokjT I M UOUS-
.
I
!
'
^ |. J
! _J L_L '
^L-! ^4^J_l_i-
. i4fiTEJlJ_ 'OK ITO sHOfiXU^MflUlL^-JM^'
MmARACTERSTICr:""Witt:I q ^
'
I .
'
2,000 TO 30,QCi<^. ._.
^,T0 llf»
ISUfiPiy - LVOLTftfi E
SIMPLE TO USE
-.^U-l>lO ftMPUPtER
_i.WiT|tt.. SA^W OF
._!2.bJ OPERATES
„ FROM. SlMGi-E
Polarity supply,
capacitor eETwEEW.™.jSiM.t ^
PiMS 1 ft^JD 8 Foft
J }AAyiMUM WINGS
!|.P6.wEk D I s s I p at/ (Su
-ilJvlPuT yOLTA<S£.
' '
stamosv curremt,
OUTPljT PoyjER
BANDUJl DTK
TOTAL HARMON DlSTORTlbW
.LVPUT RtS^STAhJCE. '
'
ft.TO S
I
Z5P JO IZS
L !io TO ioql1_4
|...^0o KHz,

8. I I
mil
T
iiwpor V
L-
XAMPle: if fti ^ idoo £?hwS' Awt
r-
_ [THIS IS owe OF THE MOST COMMOW OR-AMP j_
GIRCUITS. FqR a WO'si- IKJUERTEtl OUTPUT
i_,„.i4Z^* iO^ ooo. OHMS, THE-lO e^/fJ J5i
—f-
IK gyPF^R. OR ,
-i _|_ -H j_ I
, j J,. 1 ._
- r
-t- —
81
-f—
f
U.-4
mm
u:[i
.1. '
—
r
HE! EE:
,.US£ TQ
3
FROM -fV*^rttEI,^
—

9. -)-
jCONVERTEt: WER£*S HOW. IT PER.MITS flMi_
liOpyr VotTAiSE -TO COMTFLoi- -THE ERii:HTWEa£._
-jiOTp-^-M- iQjj-TeJjTj- V0|j-Ag&.3
Ittfc CUftREMT ,[SEW£RAT£1> , BV- .
A- , Sl>i-AR .
33 ir^ALtA^ L
IS lEl^SLCU
THtRKVVSTORS .
AND. ?HDTO;«.eS,lSTOR.S.-'*0
CJWe SIDE OP. DEVICE . Tol-tfl y .AWB
*
—I—

10. MIS.
.TO OPERATE FROM A S1NG£.E- PoLAftlT^
WITH TKG VALUes FOR . Rt AtJlfi
Rl GluElM ABOVE., THE tSAlW IS iOO.
^.|_[CftPftClTORS CI AWD Ct MUST BE WSED,
'
THEREFOIte THIS. _qiacviT VJI4.L AMPLlFVJ A.
iElKUCTU.A.T.lW6,._fe£:t S-UWAL. 6UT. WOT Aj
j^fto^ IS THE LauJ FREauEMCV CuTOPF OR 300Jlil
. jFor^ THE ClP,CUiT AEOvE-) CZ SHOULt> B£i.
..iLjjlAft.l ft^^lSTAfJCFj
{ I
I I I j [
I
I f
OUTPUT FROM A tJOAL-SUPPLV oP-AmR. l
-CAM FLUCTLjAtE A6oV£ .AW& BELDW fiftOuWD-
_(;D VotTS), HERE _LtW£_ .DI^iOER FORMeo
R3 -AMI? SETS Vour AT 1/2. + V. TH£_L
-THEN FtUCTU ATES ABOVE AMD
iSAii!!-.! THE safa.;LS I A! Po^ER Ampufjer.
.
CONTROLS T>^£ VOL.OiM£ C)F THE SPEAKER.*
r>K TO USE FIXED look ^eslSTOR For.
CREDUCe RESSTAr^at PF R?. iF CIRCUIT OSC/LU^TtS
- OR (ilVES DISTORTED OuTPUT.") JMPoRTAyoT : f^VPA^
-m^ PcmjER SUPPLY .C&ft^NfcCTlOWS
CAPACITORS.

11. THE SUM bF= TKE IMPuT . V0LTA6£S- THE.
M OF THE IMPLiTS . SKOULt KCT E.XCEED
i-V LESS A VOLT Oft TWO. Ofc. TO .
AbD ^AOPiE
PUTS 4 tuSE lOk RESISTOR TO PjJW 1. FOR
C,H-..IWPUT,) ..THE .CiBLtU4.X-.-BeLCtW.._ea£lERjJE5
GOT:PUT. OF THE C)1^fERewc£ AMPUlPlB B
_1S Jl«2 - UiKji . THE IKJpUT VOCTAfiES
Shoold kot exceed * y, th£ circuit
-BELOAU P-EV/ERSES THE PDi-AR^TV OF

12. _ £>F 1w|jT times.
_ LVJM£S , FOR _
f
_^J. i__j_L t. FOR, yftLUtS £HDUJld__|.-
L.. glLTER^ £TC4 1 > it-'. J^-y-- AND P= 2.0oOHi ^±2^^
I
[ 1 j J
J I
I
}
, 1 < H-T i< ! VOLT Sfii-JAftt wAve.:
- B3^,mjg^..|-L{ __;,_[. WE-- OUTPUT ft
XfXLT
ME: riutpor' of'
:S PkOPORTlONAL
_L... TO THE DEftWATWE
' !. lit
..1.1. LI i
F_OR. VALUES S.ttO.WJ^_LJ^!>.. iF»2;0(X>Life.
T9-P^nGL^ WA^J£ 1 i^l" ' ' ^
"
THt OUT,P<^

13. Ul
_ L
>Jt y>
1
-t "
IS' DP-AMP is.__
*i &U.Pfe,RS . Q.L..
14^
7
1^58
1 J.
K«SMAL AKJti STORES TH£ :MAXIMU'M' V6i.TAi3£
IN . CI- PlitSS Si TD DlSCHARSa Cl AWQ
J^f^^^-i- CIRCUIT. CDMMtCT A yOLTM£T£R._.
J-_,Ffe{>M, lOUTP^T. TO. tSRouwD TO MEASURE
4P£Ak V0LTN6£ SrCREO.
ifOMCT[OhiS LIKE-- THIS ; ,.
I
And to. cowvfiRt-
values: ffHo^w 'iLue -^C"o)-
jNOm WOw THE OUTPUT POLLOUJ S -^E PR.EC££D1N6
iMfiH Cp&'^k.') jmput. also Nom that t^^e chARtse
OM Ct WIU GRAOUALLV LEAK AwAV, Cl 1^!
1H& .TEST... CvfttULT . EtELL 1.0 ,M^LH.yoLrS-/-S£-gWia>.—j.
=1
___Z£M£R DIODES -L
ilHtlR 6REAK.l>*li«J
lAUEiPORMfi
1-j i
4-
—h-
oil-
^ m. . I
,7.
b3|_^M
-J
3:
4.4+ Ri/
lies' SHOW M -
i

14. : utixiT tjEPAbfJ^STRAtes 1 hI&^Jj- L Am. Ana
LEO |TH£SE 6utP0t1S_
AMD HOi.D T>^ElR. .
STATE EV£N WHEaI
J.OUTPl>T Tt>. SAJINS FHOW. LOAJ "TO aitSH. POR A.
JTIKE APPROXIMATELY SayAt__TO .
Rl..)t^C2,,. -USEJ
-TO Dvi/iDE AW lwCOM,lfOiS SifiwAi ANO-L-rrO-
P.1 fiOMveRT Aro IRRE£Ui.AR ^^OPuT P0LS£ -tp-^
_UAJl F0E1^A OUTPUT PU£.S£. TVPiCAL RESUt.TS>i
£1"
.iCZ' .Ol^iF ^Ji^S_
4-

15. A COK?KftftTOR .s ftM amalog Circuit
THAT . MDWlTORS rUJO iwPur yJOLTfK&BS^
OWE VOLTA^SE IS. CALLED THE B.£F£fi£WQE.; _
WOltASE. (/fLEf),. AMD THE OTHER IS. CAU,£tl-_
El _)wip_UX;—a/<)i-TASE C VlfciV WHEU.
ftBOVE- io£ FALLS , y.^.-y.
OUTPUT. OF TWt COMPftRATO-a_i.-^tlAio4£Sl
ST'*^T£S. SCWE CIRCUITS, t U KEi. jwg.jja
AO-E .DESIfiWED SPECIFICALLY . AS .
I
[
[T
-Comparators. Due to. its . i/EftyJ_kLk*i-
OPErO - LDC^ f W , AM DP- AM-P. .
WiTHQiiTL-fc
^PEEDBACK RESISa:D.E ^C6*4_-F^
A COKPARATOR;.
6UILC> THIS Sv^APLE ClRC(JjT^...btJ.J A^-iP^AjCTlC,
^ BREAD &0AftD TD LEARM £Asic^ d>f "THE!—j
ilOMPAft-ATOR. RL AwD . RZ FUWCTiO/d i.A5
VOO A££ tiL;L[iERS THAT. 5UPPi.V A ftAW
^
-lQF... uoLlA^es TD Both 741 inputs. QL-
_ l. -USAAJVTCtAES CuRFLEnjT TO.IHE .i^ECi WHEW .
mE ojtPla' oF mE, .lH,i -Go£S HISM. TH
1
.Assume is s£t to its cewter ftsji^i
,TD =Sll/£ VftfiF VOLTS ( ^ /^^ = Si V!) <
pi^T^RQtS;
UiHCU Vim EXCEEDS Voef, .QUTPuI
i

16. TrilS is ftMoMS "THE MbsT .
UERSA-rii^£
lDSP^RftTOR CIRCUITS- ASSUME. V«,t( CWliS^J
IS s.s vdos awd Weep Ci-ow) Is l.s ymjxs^
ClVRCuiT THew OPERATES LiKS THIS 1
|
L _
! OtJt OR Both ft-ePEREMCE VOLTAfieS.J_aAKJ._._fe
1-
: Build -mis circuit Ow ft
.LtARM &ASICS op THE WlNt>OW CoMpARATQRj
|us& v/oa"MeT£R TO SET Vr-ef high CRl) AWD
;Vtec Low (coMfJECT PROSES ACRoS5 PJN 2. 4—i.
! OF i**ss And ^roumo ;
Adjust R^l. Repeat
, FOR piio S Amq iSftouWD; AOJUST ADJUST
-l^i^f^'^trrr! I i M H. 1
7
_ViM AT OR ABOVE Vr£j= :rti^.: l^d!!-! ow.
^JFO WITHIM yjiMdOW ;;-:-4~L-1 ££D_2.i. OW
It HEN
-i-£D3 S,Vj.iTCHi .0*C4 '
' * ^
•
'
i
1^
r—'—

17. START AW
'
' ^ 1 I i
^ !
J I , ! J L I , t J rr I
IMDOUP : COMMftATt^R, tWAT
;-4_[_iSUPPL|ES A SEiSlUEMCE OF OUT PUX
-SlGfoALS- PRESSIWS Si DiSCHAftses CI A6J6J_
L^CMTS LEO I CANb LED a fiRlEFLv). CI TWEW
CVVA^tatS TKaOUSH RM, as CKAR6& OAJ CI
-j PASSES 3 And ^ VOLTS, ^EOS Z AmD 3 GLChaJ__
'
JN. 5eau£wC£. Reduce rz to £ala/oge. i._
nriHE PELAV SE^UEMCE And P-EDuCE- .
ft£i_Ay '_
XOLERAMCt OF at., r- i I I T i ,[
'
f^es^stamce at im?ut. tovch /wPl-ts. wn>i_
.
PIWSER Tt> 06S£R.Vt. CONMECT S L.
,
across -J^J-Pt^^.S to. MH^ LlfiMTMETga^

18. VI
iul
t -i-i
t
4^
-t-
_ L_.l.
[t6 _ACTUATt HELAX
n rh^
T ; _L. „ .ILLUfAlMftTtD- ; ,RZ : CONTROLS S £ MS tT I V 1T?C _
an.; t££ps qi off umtil the t^i ojjtPwt
'
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m.
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llMSK-ACTiyATED. ALERTEgl
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m Cfct- TO ov£ siLRCu T. :E.'kdErr
UjiPUTi TO "2*^1. REV£R^^&0- 0< TO REPLAf

19. PRECVSlOfO, LABORATORY UAL ITY Ut^k
..METERS, TD ZERO COWMECT-PIW-
JTO AND ft&JVST QFFStT ^ RS^ .Vt^J^il
.
METER REftOS "D^EiJ UlSCOMMECT PJM S. |J.
FROM SROuWD. ftH tS Aw OPTIONAL COKTRiQL.
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20. - I
- n1
— I- -y -7
tHlS. SmPtE CIRCUIT S AN EFFECTIVE Souwd-
_ *^.£V£C. METER, fcl COWrfttM-S JH& GAiW Of
. .THE-;. 1-41 OP-AMP, HEWCE. T>l£ SENSiTll/irv
QF .;.'mE.. -CIRCUIT, "mE METER CftW BE A PAWeJ
>A.ETejE.-.OR,A MuLTlwereR, SET TO READ CuRR.£wt-:„l
imt Clfl.a/lT . WftS TESTED WITH A PlBZO S0ZZ£&
i. -mAT .£m.^TTED A .£»^S frCH^ TO^;£ AT A SOuw&
PRESSURE Clr ROd^. VJHEN niE SUZZER 1_
_iW65_:2-'' FftOM. me MlcRoPHO^J£ A^Ji5;._ Rl lir
SJET. for MAXIMUM tSAlW, THE MEtER
IfiDlCATEO 1 hiA. AT.iaLiTOE ourPur FEU-
^THIS Circuit TfeiPS REi,AY IM fie.spows
;lood souwd Cvoice, clap, etc), K5:.A
lllOMTROt. TIME RELAY STAV5 Pui-tEO /.^ (vpii
.CApACiTofi ACR0S3 Power SuPFCY Plf^S Of [SH^
-,- THE. ^ffl . And. SSS, ._RE&OCt. £lE.5^S.TA*aCL0f_l_
lb.j_ft£tojtk .^£^siru/iry,
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tfri^h^ Fr-^hri''"r
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21. ._rnMlKJ(S CAPACITOR ^^JD "mE TONE SouRC£ ; ,
frRfiG££ WITH LOeiC SicSwAL Ofi SV COwMECTf^
VARIABLE frequency!
pn—
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1
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Alter FREa<JEMC^_j.__.
4- - T 4 _
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FROM P|w 1
And Place switch
PROM ^1 TO
nm
Rl. Beu
AMD OP-UM
VOLU ,
Protect
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1
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1
. THEW ADJUST.
i^LJUjjTK Z OR IS;
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ARE EMITTED ftV ,
.THE SPEAfcC£R. !
iw^w Adjust Rl.
,5-.iJ_J . EW^TS A TONEh,
* C(s'^ BACVt Of^F UNTIL;.
loc^F TtJWE ZbSr STtiP-Sl.
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22. ^ifiLTER. SHOULD 6E -Sat- * RM, SHowwU
>WA£.ft 1-.VQLT .S1.W£ .WAVS.: . 1
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IS-Ui** ...
[PA&E EXCEPT Kl AND. RZ. . AnD CL AKJD

23. yEST VERSIONS
iMPi/T WAS .
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T
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1
1>^IS FjLtER caw' be UNtP BV to PftSS
fJ- !HUN0RED AmO AeoOT Ha. USE TT3
-DETtCT. PRES£MC£. OF. A .TOkJ £ |W. A SI£>JA4
3

24. 1^4 IME
T T
I- -
THVS ARftAV OF ACTV£. plLTE-RS . VJlCt, CONi/ERT
iXHt frU&lO IISmAL FRdm. a small RADIO- . ...
TAP£ PlAVER into, a Fi-iCfccaRlN6 ._j
.PATTfcRM OF COLORS* CONTROLS .
6A
qF-.thel .input amplifier Eelow, use.
Rft.(iLa/-TAPE PLAVE^R VOLUME . Cp.NTfO.L .AMft
U|l5£.ffci PMOME PLU*S COWNSCTED To T1 PART
JAfAV-ilW- PHPNE. JACK, SO. SPEAKER . MJiLL.
—I— - J . . _ . _ I J , -
.LEDs VARY IM eRlGHTNESS. EXPERIMENT *j.mi
—
4D.lFFeftEwT LE&s foR . SESr, RESULT'S^ ,
H£ft£.J_
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1

25. ,is Circuit li '
AW ^a^iIlv AC" Ju stab lb.
^Square. sewekatdr. . the timim^s
(or "wjidth") of -me Puis&s- th£ PulseS.
I
- ^ j+
—
ARE SVMMETfclCftL WHEm kZ 15 AT iT5.
CENTER PosiTlOMi,-. on.. _TP _.COnW £CT j_a2_
-IdirECTLY to i-V JAwbl-i,. T>i£fi£SY -l_U
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1
FOR THESE Re.SLPi.TS,.
K f^ROM PiW 3 Tt>
i+V . AMD ^.") K FROHL.
V^l;, 10^4 .d3-, !Aki C-k i Ro
IW-.jtHE ^^EOEACfctf LOOP OF AW dP-rAi
_Tit£-! R.&5UCTJN6 ,
CIRCUIT GEM£RATes.l
.2.^Ifc Ml-
ZI5ill

26. RESISTOR COLOR CODE
I
o D * 1
1 1 It
10
1
1,000
* 10,000
5 5 ^ 100,000
< 1,000,000
V^OL£T 7 J'
10,000,000
6 S / 100,000,000
q
FOURTH SA^>& iMOlCftTES TOLfiHAWCe Cfta^^ACV)
Om'S LAW: V^XR R=V/T
ABBREVIATIONS
A - AMPERE.
I = CuKREuT
P ^ PouJER
V tOft E) = /Oi^T
VJ= WATT
^ 1,000,000
^ l,0OO
. ooo ooo ooa
. 0 oo ooo ooo 001