Excel formulas begin with an equal sign and perform calculations on worksheet data using operands, operators, and cell references. Formulas use operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division to calculate results. Operands can be values, cell references, names, or functions. Formulas are evaluated from left to right following operator precedence rules, which can be modified using parentheses.

2.  A formula is an
equation that
performs
operations on a
worksheet data

3. › All the formula have
to begin with an
equal sign [ ]
› The = sign is
followed by the
elements to be
calculated [
]
› Operands are
separated by
calculation

4. =
Operand
Operator

5.  An operator specifies the type of calculation that you
intend to perform on the elements of a formula
 Excel offers three main types of operators –
- for basic mathematical operations
- compare two values
-combine ranges of cells

6. Operation Operator Example
Addition + =10+2
Subtraction - =6-2
Negation - =-9
Multiplication * =5*8
Division / =27/9
Percent % =550*3%
Exponentiation ^ =5^2 (same 5*5)

7. Operation Operator Example
Equal to = A1=A2
Greater than > A1>A2
Less than < A1<A2
Greater than or equal to >= A1>=A2
Less then or equal to <= A1<=A2
No equal to <> A1<>A2

8. Operation Operator Example
Range operator
: A1:A10
Union Operator
, Sum(5,7,8)

9.  A quantity upon which a
mathematical operation is performed
› A numerical value
› A cell or range reference
› A label
› A name
› A worksheet function

10.  The operations in a formula are performed from left to
right – following the order of operator precedence
 You can change the of precedence of operators by
using parentheses ()

11. arentheses
xponent
ultiply / ivide
ddition / ubtraction

13. 1. By placing an equal sign in the
cell that is to hold the result and
then pointing and clicking those
cells that contain the operands
2. By writing the cell addresses of
cells that you want to use for your
calculation in your result cell

15. Steps
1. Enter 10 in cell
2. Enter 20 in cell
3. Write sign in Cell C1
4. Place mouse on cell
5. Type sign
6. Go to cell
7. Press

16. Steps
1. Enter 60 in cell
2. Enter 20 in cell
3. Write sign in Cell C1
4. Place mouse on cell
5. Type sign
6. Go to cell
7. Press

18. To get 20 percent of given number

19. Steps
1. Enter 25 in cell
2. Enter 2 in cell
3. Write sign in Cell
4. Type
5. Then Type sign
6. Type
7. Press

21. Net cost price= List price - Discount