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FORM 2 CHAPTER 1 BIODIVERSITY BIOLOGY.pptx
- 1. CHAPTER 1 PREPARED BY:NURULHUSNA BT MAT RADZI SMJK CHOONG HUA BIDOR 2018
- 2. 2 Content 1.0 Biodiversity 1.1 Diversityof organisms 1.2 Classification of organisms
- 3. 3 1.1 the varietyof organisms 1. Living things are called organisms. There are many kinds of organisms on Earth. 2. The variety of different types organisms on Earth is called biodiversity
- 4. What is biodiversity? Biodiversityrefers to wide variety of organisms on Earth
- 5. Where can wefind biodiversity?
- 6. 6 The placewhere organisms live is called the habitat. Biodiversity is found in various habitats such as forests, ponds, deserts, seas and soil.
- 7. 7 The importance ofbiodiversity Maintain the balance of nature Sources of food Attract tourists and so can contributes to the economy of the country. Sources of medicine Raw material for industries Education
- 8. 8 How to maintainbiodiversity? Restricting Exploitation of Forest Resources Reducing Pollution Stop overharvesting Protect habitat Endangered species act
- 9.
- 10. Vertebrates Invertebrates Animals Animal withbackbones Animal without backbones 1. There are two main groups of animals:
- 11. A. Invertebrates a. Morethan 90% of animals are invertebrates b. Since invertebrates have no backbone, they are usually small in size. c. Examples: Inserts such as ants, butterflies, flies, and cockroaches Spiders Crabs Prawns Worms Mollusks such as snails
- 12. B. Vertebrates a. Smallergroup compared to invertebrates. However, we are more familiar with this group of animals b. Since vertebrates have backbone to support their weight, many vertebrates are large in size c. Examples: Elephants Eagles Whales Snakes Frogs Clown fish
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- 15. 1.Common characteristics offish Body covered with slimy scales for protection Have fins and tail to swim Streamlined bodies to swim well Breathe through gills Poikilothermic (body temperature changes with the surrounding temperature) Lay eggs Carry out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized outside the female body)
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- 17. 1. Common characteristicsof amphibians • Body covered with moist skin • Adults can live on land and water • Adults breathe with lung on land and through moist skin when in water • Poikilothermic (body temperature changes with the surrounding temperature) • Lay eggs covered with jelly-like substance • Young amphibians live in water and breathe through gills • Carry out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized outside the female body)
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- 19. 1. Common characteristicsof reptiles •Body covered with hard and dry scales for protection •Breathe with lungs •Lay eggs with leathery shell •Poikilotermic (body temperature changes with surrounding temperature) •Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside the female body)
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- 21. 1.Common characteristics ofbirds •Body covered with feathers •Have wings and beak •Breathe with lungs • Homeothermic (body temperature remains constant) •Lay eggs with hard shells •Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside the female body)
- 22.
- 23. 1. Common characteristicsof mammals • Body covered with hair or fur • Breathe with lungs • Homeothermic (body temperature remains constant) • Give birth to live young • Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside the female body) • Young mammals feed on milk from their mother’s mammary glands
- 24. Flowering Plants Non-floweringPlants Plants Examples Examples
- 25. Plants Produce flowers Donot produce flowers Needle-like leaves Leaves divided into leaflets Leave with Leaves with parallel veinsnetwork-like veins Single blade leaves Leaves divided Into leaflets Leaves with network-like veins Leaves with parallel veins
- 26. Non-flowering plants • Furtherdivided to conifers, ferns, mosses, and algae • Conifers Reproduce by seeds produced in cones Have needle-like leaves Example: casuarinas, pine • Ferns Reproduced by spores on the underside of leaves Example: Bird’s nest fern, stag’s horn fern
- 27. • Mosses Reproduceby spores produced in capsules Example: White moss • Algae Very simple plants No proper roots, stems, leaves Example: Seaweed
- 28. Flowering plants •Produce flower forreproduction •Flower fruits and seeds new plants •Based on the seeds they produce, flowering plants can be further divided into 2 groups Flowering plants Monocotyledons Dicotyledons Have seeds with one cotyledon Have seeds with two cotyledon
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- 30. One cotyledon A maizegrain cut into half • Each seed has only one cotyledon
- 31. • Their leaveshave parallel veins Parallel veins Maize Fibrous roots • They have fibrous roots
- 32. •Mostly are herbaceousplant (plants with non-woody stems) •Examples: Grasses, sugar cane, banana, paddy, and orchid plants
- 33. A green bean(split into two) • Each seed has two cotyledons Two cotyledons
- 34. Balsam plant Network-like veins • Theirleaves have network-like veins Tap root • They have fibrous tap roots
- 35. •They may betrees, shrubs or herbaceous •Examples: Rubber and durian trees, hibiscus, morning glory and sunflower plants