The foreign exchange market operates globally 24 hours a day from Sunday evening to Friday evening. It has a daily trading volume of $3.98 trillion and involves various participants including governments, central banks, large firms, traders and brokers. The market determines currency values based on factors like employment data, tourism, and gross domestic product. Traders can use leverage of up to 250:1, which allows them to gain or lose large amounts of money depending on market movements. New traders are advised to open a demo account to practice before trading live.