Evergreen forests grow in high rainfall areas of Western Ghats, North East, and Andaman and Nicobar islands. They shed a few leaves throughout the year and always have a canopy layer providing shade. Thorn forests are found in semi-arid regions, with scattered trees surrounded by open grasslands that can conserve water using long, deep roots. Mangrove forests grow along coasts, especially river deltas, and can tolerate saline and fresh water in muddy areas using breathing roots that also prevent soil erosion.