This document discusses forensic meteorology and how weather conditions can be analyzed and used as evidence in legal cases. It provides background on the history of meteorology and defines forensic meteorology as applying meteorological analysis to reconstruct past weather events. It then outlines different types of weather like sunshine, clouds, rain, snow, fog, thunder/lightning and wind. It also discusses how the National Weather Service forecasts weather and how temperature and rainfall can impact criminal activity levels. Finally it lists examples of types of legal cases where forensic meteorology could provide evidence like insurance claims, accidents, agriculture disputes and murders.

1. prasentation by m. balakrishna
msc forensic science

2. INDEX
HISTORY
FORENSIC METEOROLOGY
TYPES OF WEATHERS
OTHER TYPES OF WEATHER CONDITIONS
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
HOW WEATHER IMPACT CRIME
TYPES OF CASES DEALS WITH METEOROLOGY
REFERANCE

3. HISTORY
In about 340 B.C.E., the Greek
philosopher Aristotle wrote a
book called Meteorologica,
which contained all that was
known at the time about
weather and climate
 Aristotle got the title of his
book from the Greek word
“meteoron,” which meant “a
thing high up” and referred to
anything observed in the
atmosphere

4. FORENSIC METEOROLOGY
Forensic meteorology is meteorology, the scientific
study of weather, applied to the process of
reconstructing weather events for a certain time and
location
 This is done by acquiring and analyzing local weather
reports such as surface observations, radar and
satellite images, other data, and eyewitness accounts
Forensic meteorology is most often used in court
cases, including insurance disputes, personal injury
cases, and murder investigation

5. Meteorlogical services include
 meteorological analyses of weather events (Rain,
thunderstorm, winds, etc.)
 Expert witness testimony
Storm surveys
 Precipitation/temperature/wind analysis

6. weather means
Weather can be defined as the particular conditions
of the earth’s atmosphere in a particular area.
Climate refers to the average type of weather over a
long period of time in a specific place

7. TYPES OF WEATHERS
There are 9 types of weathers

9. SUN SHINE
When it comes to
weather, there’s nothing
better than a nice, calm
sunny day. When the
sun’s shining
we can enjoy all sorts of
superb outdoor activities,
like hiking and climbing

10. CLOUDS
The weather is cloudy
when there are lots of
clouds in the sky that get
in the way of the sun
Cloudy days can be cold,
because there is not
much sunlight, but they
can also be warm if there
is lots of humidity

11. TYPES OF
CLOUDS

13. Other forecast terms that you might hear
meteorologists use to describe the sky cover
have similar definitions. These include:
• Clear/Sunny – 1/8 or less cloud cover
• Mostly Clear/Mostly Sunny – 1/8 to 3/8 cloud cover
• Partly Cloudy/Partly Sunny – 3/8 to 5/8 cloud cover
• Mostly Cloudy – 5/8 to 7/8 cloud cover
• Cloudy – 7/8 to 8/8 cloud cover

14. PARTY CLOUD
Partly cloudy is a relatively
difficult type of weather to
define, but it exists
somewhere between sunny
and cloudy

15. OVERCAST
Overcast weather
conditions occur whenever
the sky is covered with a
layer of unbroken clouds

16. RAINING
Rainy weather happens
when there are large clouds
in the sky that produce rain.
Cloudy days can become
rainy days if the clouds get
large enough and there is a
lot of precipitation

17. Following terms for rainy weather
forecasts:
• 10% POP – Isolated/Few Showers
• 20% POP – Slight Chance/Widely Scattered Showers
• 30% to 50% POP – Chance/Scattered Showers
• 60% to 70% POP – Likely/Numerous Showers
• 80% to 100% POP – Occasional Showers or Periods of Showers

18. SNOWING
Snow is defined as any kind
of ice crystal that forms in
the atmosphere and lands
on the ground
some other types of frozen
precipitation, like graupel or
sleet, could also be classified
as snow

19. FOGGY
Fog is defined as any type
of cloud that forms at
ground level
There are many, many
reasons why fog might form,
and some areas of the world
are more predisposed to fog
formation than others

20. THUNDER AND LIGHTING
 Thunder and lightning are the
result of a complex series of
processes in the atmosphere, and
scientists still don’t completely
understand the reasons why they
happen
This type of weather is most
commonly associated with strong
atmospheric convection and
unstable air masses or, in other
words, the rapid rising and falling
of parcels of air through the sky

21. WINDY
Our last major type of
weather is windy weather.
Windy conditions can occur
with a wide range of
different types of weather,
like thunderstorms
 Major storm systems, like
hurricanes, are also known
to herald in some truly
destructive winds

22. OTHER TYPES OF WEATHER
CONDITIONS

24. WEATHER FORECASTING
The weather forecasting process for meteorologists starts
with a review of the big-picture data from multiple dynamic
models, which are computer programs that predict future
weather
Then, meteorologists take a look at a forecast tool called
MOS (Model Output Statistics), which is a software that uses
historical weather data to improve dynamic model forecasts
in smaller geographic regions
 Detect the weather by doppler radar, radiosondes,
weather satellites

26. Doppler radar unit (courtesy: National
Weather Service)

27. NYS Mesonet site at Voorheesville, New York

30. According to an interview with Dr. Elizabeth Austin, a
Forensic Meteorologist, when temperatures rise, criminal
activity increases. Austin goes on to say that the United
States sees significantly higher crime rates in cities when the
temperatures are appreciably above average
 Dr. Austin also notes that extreme rainfall leads to
increased conflict among people, and developing countries
are more susceptible to conflict and wars when agriculture is
threatened by drought conditions and hot temperatures

31. Validating insurance claims
Vehicle accidents
Agricultural disputes
Building collapse
People slipping and falling
Traffic accidents
Bombings
murders
Bad air craft landing and etc.......

32. Bad air craft landing

33. REFERENCE
Dr. Elizabeth Austin wikipedia
FORENSIC METEOROLGY From
Wikipedia
Forensic Meteorologists Solve
Crimes You've Never Thought
About
By Mika McKinnon