Food irradiation uses radioactive elements or electron beams to ionize food in order to kill microorganisms and reduce food-borne diseases, while having little effect on taste, texture, and appearance. While irradiation can effectively reduce pathogens and contamination risks, challenges include public concerns about cancer risks and negative perceptions reducing willingness to purchase irradiated foods. Overcoming these challenges may require education, government support, and social activities to increase acceptance of the technology.