Community health nursing, prevention, treatment of foodborne disease, hygiene

1. FOOD POISONING ☠
DISEASE

2. WHAT IS FOOD POISONING?
• Illness caused by food contaminated with bacteria, viruses, parasites,
or toxins.

3. HISTORY OF FOOD POISONING
• Food poisoning was first identified as a public health issue in the
1880s, and the notification of cases was introduced in England and
Wales in 1938. Salmonella were the dominant bacterial agents
associated with food poisoning in Britain until overtaken by
Campylobacter in the late 1970s.
• Salmonella was first identified as a food poisoner in 1885, during the
bacteriological investigation of an outbreak caused by the
consumption of the flesh of an emergency-slaughtered cow.

4. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Food poisoning symptoms vary with the source of
contamination. Most types of food poisoning cause one or more
of the following signs and symptoms:
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Watery or bloody diarrhea
• Abdominal pain and cramps
• Fever

5. CAUSES OF FOOD POISONING 🍲
• Contamination of food can happen at any point of production:
growing, harvesting, processing, storing, shipping or preparing.
Cross-contamination — the transfer of harmful organisms from
one surface to another — is often the cause. This is especially
troublesome for raw, ready-to-eat foods, such as salads or other
produce. Because these foods aren't cooked, harmful
organisms aren't destroyed before eating and can cause food
poisoning.

6. CONTAMINANTS
1. Campylobacter
2. Clostridium botulinum
3. Clostridium perfringens
4. Escherichia coli (E. Coli)
5. Salmonella - often found in raw or undercooked meat, raw eggs,
milk, and other dairy products.
6. Shigella

7. DIAGNOSIS
• Food poisoning is often diagnosed based on a detailed history,
including how long you’ve been sick, your symptoms and
specific foods you’ve eaten. Your doctor will also perform a
physical exam, looking for signs of dehydration.
• Depending on your symptoms and health history, your doctor
may conduct diagnostic tests, such as a blood test, stool culture
or examination for parasites, to identify the cause and confirm
the diagnosis.

8. TREATMENT 🍎🍇
Treatment of food poisoning may include:
Replacement of lost fluids: Fluids and electrolytes — minerals such as sodium, potassium and calcium
that maintain the balance of fluids in your body — lost to persistent diarrhea need to be replaced.
• Lifestyle and home remedies
• Food poisoning often improves without treatment within 48 hours. To help keep yourself more
comfortable and prevent dehydration while you recover, try the following:
• Let your stomach settle.
• Try sucking on ice chips or taking small sips of water. You might also try drinking clear
soda, clear broth or noncaffeinated sports drinks. You might also try oral rehydration solutions
if you have severe dehydration symptoms.
• Ease back into eating. Gradually begin to eat bland, low-fat, easy-to-digest foods, such as
soda crackers, toast, gelatin, bananas and rice. Stop eating if your nausea returns.
• Avoid certain foods and substances until you're feeling better. These include dairy
products, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and fatty or highly seasoned foods.
• Rest

9. PREVENTION
• To prevent food poisoning at home:
• Wash your hands, utensils and food surfaces often.
• Keep raw foods separate from ready-to-eat foods.
• Cook foods to a safe temperature.
• Refrigerate or freeze perishable foods promptly — within
two hours of purchasing or preparing them.
• Defrost food safely.
• Throw it out when in doubt.