Foley v. Interactive Data Corp. (1988) 47 C3d 654
[After Interactive Data Corporation fired plaintiff Daniel D. Foley, an executive employee, he filed this
action seeking compensatory and punitive damages for wrongful discharge. Foley asserted several
distinct theories for wrongful discharge, including a tort cause of action alleging a discharge in violation of
public policy and a contract cause of action for breach of an implied-in-fact promise to discharge for good
cause only.
The Court of Appeal determined that Foley alleged no statutorily based breach of public policy sufficient
to state a cause of action, and that his claim for breach of implied contract to discharge only for good
cause was barred by the statute of frauds. The California Supreme Court granted review to consider the
Court of Appeal determinations.]
* * * *
Facts
* * * *
According to the complaint, plaintiff is a former employee of defendant, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Chase Manhattan Bank that markets computer-based decision-support services. Defendant hired plaintiff
in June 1976 as an assistant product manager at a starting salary of $18,500. As a condition of
employment defendant required plaintiff to sign a "Confidential and Proprietary Information Agreement"
whereby he promised not to engage in certain competition with defendant for one year after the
termination of his employment for any reason. . . . It did not state any limitation on the grounds for which
plaintiff's employment could be terminated.
Over the next six years and nine months, plaintiff received a steady series of salary increases,
promotions, bonuses, awards and superior performance evaluations. In 1979 defendant named him
consultant manager of the year and in 1981 promoted him to branch manager of its Los Angeles office.
His annual salary rose to $56,164 and he received an additional $6,762 merit bonus two days before his
discharge in March 1983. He alleges defendant's officers made repeated oral assurances of job security
so long as his performance remained adequate.
Plaintiff also alleged that during his employment, defendant maintained written "Termination Guidelines"
that set forth express grounds for discharge and a mandatory seven-step pretermination procedure.
Plaintiff understood that these guidelines applied not only to employees under plaintiff's supervision, but
to him as well. On the basis of these representations, plaintiff alleged that he reasonably believed
defendant would not discharge him except for good cause, and therefore he refrained from accepting or
pursuing other job opportunities.
The event that led to plaintiff's discharge was a private conversation in January 1983 with his former
supervisor, Vice President Richard Earnest. During the previous year defendant had hired Robert Kuhne
and subsequently named Kuhne to replace Earnest as plaintiff's immediate supervisor. Plaintiff learned
that Kuhne was currentl.
FCS 3450 HOMEWORK #41.Thomas Franklin arrived at the following t.docxmydrynan
FCS 3450 HOMEWORK #4
1.
Thomas Franklin arrived at the following tax information:
Gross salary, $46,660
Interest earnings, $225
Dividend income, $80
One personal exemption, $3,400
Itemized deductions, $7,820
Adjustments to income, $1,150
What amount would Thomas report as taxable income?
2.
If Lola Harper had the following itemized deductions, should she use Schedule A or the standard deduction? The standard deduction for her tax situation is $5,450.
Donations to church and other charities, $1,980
Medical and dental expenses that exceed 7.5 percent of adjusted gross income, $430
State income tax, $690
Job-related expenses that exceed 2 percent of adjusted gross income, $1,610
3.
What would be the average tax rate for a person who paid taxes of $4,864.14 on a taxable income of $39,870?
4.
Based on the following data, would Ann and Carl Wilton receive a refund or owe additional taxes?
Adjusted gross income, $46,186
Itemized deductions, $11,420
Child care tax credit, $80
Federal income tax withheld, $4,784
Amount for personal exemptions, $6,800
Average tax rate on taxable income, 15%
5. Would you prefer a fully taxable investment earning 10.7 percent or a tax-exempt investment earning 8.1 percent? Why? (Assume a 28 percent tax rate.)
6. On December 30, you decide to make a $1,000 charitable donation. If you are in a 28 percent tax bracket, how much would you save in taxes for the current year? If that tax savings was deposited in a savings account for the next five years at 6 percent, what would be the future value of that account?
1
Assignment 2: JPMorgan Chase
Strayer University
LEG 100
Discuss how administrative agencies like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) take action in order to be effective in preventing high-risk gambles in securities / banking, a foundation of the economy.
On January 11, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) voted 3-2 to propose regulations to implement Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act), commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule.” The proposal specifically prohibits a bank or institution that owns a bank from engaging in proprietary trading that is not at the behest of its clients, and from owning or investing in a hedge fund or private equity fund, and also limits the liabilities that the largest banks can hold .Under discussion is the possibility of restrictions on the way market making activities are compensated; traders would be paid on the basis of the spread of the transactions rather than any profit that the trader made for the client.
Determine the elements of a valid contract, and discuss how consumers and banks each have a duty of good faith and fair ...
Case Study : Business Law I Essay
Unit 2 Business Law Essay
Business Law
Business Law Essay
Business Law: Case Study Questions And Answers
The Business Law Short Essay
Business Law Essay
Business Law
Business Law Questions and Answers
Business Law and Ethics Essay
Business Law Essay
Business Law
Business Law Essay
Business Law Essay
Common Law Vs Civil Law Essay
Business Law
Business Law Essay
Business Law Essay
Business Law
ETH 321 Final Exam1. Civil enforcement powers regarding federal .docxPOLY33
ETH 321 Final Exam
1. Civil enforcement powers regarding federal antitrust matters belong to _______.
the Treasury Department
the Department of Revenue and Taxation
the FTC and the Department of Justice
the Department of Labor
2. Which of the following is true of tort law?
It protects people from being tried twice for the same crime.
Tort law typically deals with breach of contract.
It provides compensation to those workers who have been injured on the job.
It sets limits on how people can act and use their resources.
3. Fred takes Betty to dinner at a very expensive and exclusive restaurant The menu does not mention prices The server takes their order and both Betty and Fred enjoy the meal immensely. When the bill comes, Fred refuses to pay because the menu had no prices and because he and the server never engaged in language indicating and offer and acceptance. The server said, “Are you ready to order?” and when Fred said “Yes,” the server merely asked “What may I get you tonight?” Which of the following is true?
Fred must pay based on an implied-in-fact contract theory.
Fred must pay based on a promissory estoppel theory.
Fred must pay based on expressed contract theory.
Fred is correct because no contract was formed.
4. Which of the following statements is true of the WARN Act?
It requires employers to give notice to an “at will” employee that he/she is being fired.
It requires employers to give notice to employees that they are being subjected to polygraph tests.
It requires employers to give notice to employees that an unscheduled drug test will be conducted for all employees.
It requires employers to give notice of a scheduled mass layoff.
5. _____________ jurisprudence supports the idea that law can and should change to meet new developments in society.
Sociological
Natural
Historical
Positive law
6. Which of the following is true of the assumption of risks during delivery of goods?
The buyer is responsible for damages to goods when the seller is about to transfer for shipment.
The seller is liable for any damages incurred to the goods during shipment.
The buyer is liable for any damages incurred to the goods during shipment.
The seller is always responsible for shipping the goods to the buyer.
7. A 911 emergency response service needs operators who are bilingual in English and Spanish A few applicants of Spanish origin are rejected due to poor English-speaking skills. They file a complaint on the grounds of discrimination based on nationality. Their complaint is squashed. Here, the defense of the federal government is on the grounds of _______.
inculpatory evidence
circumstantial evidence
bona fide occupational qualifications
exclusionary rule
8. Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union called the Maastricht Treaty states the EU is founded on:
private markets
rule of law
specific performance
stare decisis
9. Interpreting Congressional intent which of the following is never a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)?
Race
Nat ...
I dont want word counting just complete the question.Review the.docxmaple8qvlisbey
I don't want word counting just complete the question.
Review the 10 cases presented for consideration in Question 2 (letters a - j) of the Chapter-End Questions in Chapter 2 (pp. 80-81 of the eBook).
For your first post, prepare a detailed response for one of the ten scenarios, explaining your conclusion regarding whether the scenario constitutes a violation of public policy or a breach of a covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Support your conclusion with legal analysis and reasoning. Explain whether any of the scenarios give rise to potential employer liability and what steps should have been taken to avoid the exposure. Then, comment and expand on the posts of the other class members.
a.
A female child care worker alleges that she was unlawfully terminated from her position as the director of a child care facility after continually refusing to make staff cuts. The staff cuts she was asked to make resulted in violation of state regulations governing the minimum ratios betweens staff and child. After the employee was terminated, the employer’s child care center was in violation of the staff-to-child ratio. [
Jasper v. H. Nizam, Inc.
, 764 N.W.2d 751, 2009 Iowa Sup.]
b.
A
machine operator employee with a major depressive disorder intermittently takes leaves under the Family and Medical Leave Act, resulting in alleged harassment by her employer surrounding her FMLA usage as well as a transfer to various difficult machines after her return from leave. Two months after her last FMLA leave, she is terminated for “improper phone usage.” [
Hite v. Vermeer Mfg. Co.
, 361 F. Supp. 2d 935 (S.D. Iowa, 2005).]
c.
A
nurse is asked by her employer to sign a backdated Medicare form. She refuses and is terminated that day. As a health care provider, she is required to complete that particular form. [
Callantine v. Staff Builders, Inc.
, 271 F.3d 1124 (8th Cir. 2001).]
d.
A
legal secretary to a county commissioner is terminated because of her political beliefs. [
Armour
v.
County of Beaver
, 271 F3d 417 (3d Cir. 2001).]
e.
A
teacher under contract is terminated after insisting that his superiors report a situation where a student was being physically abused. The teacher refused to commit an illegal act of not reporting the suspected abuse to family services. [
Keveney v. Missouri Military Academy
, 304 S.W.3d 98 (MO 2010).]
80 81
f.
A recent college graduate found a job with an office supply company as a reverse logistics analyst. Soon after being hired, he found that some practices within the department could be deemed unlawful and unethical. Three specific types of practices were written up in a formal complaint to his supervisor: (1) the issuing of monetary credits to customers without proper documentation, thus overpaying customers without returned goods; (2) the department’s knowingly withholding from contract customers by underissuing credits over $25; and (3) the canceling and reissuing of pickup orders that could allow courie.
FCS 3450 HOMEWORK #41.Thomas Franklin arrived at the following t.docxmydrynan
FCS 3450 HOMEWORK #4
1.
Thomas Franklin arrived at the following tax information:
Gross salary, $46,660
Interest earnings, $225
Dividend income, $80
One personal exemption, $3,400
Itemized deductions, $7,820
Adjustments to income, $1,150
What amount would Thomas report as taxable income?
2.
If Lola Harper had the following itemized deductions, should she use Schedule A or the standard deduction? The standard deduction for her tax situation is $5,450.
Donations to church and other charities, $1,980
Medical and dental expenses that exceed 7.5 percent of adjusted gross income, $430
State income tax, $690
Job-related expenses that exceed 2 percent of adjusted gross income, $1,610
3.
What would be the average tax rate for a person who paid taxes of $4,864.14 on a taxable income of $39,870?
4.
Based on the following data, would Ann and Carl Wilton receive a refund or owe additional taxes?
Adjusted gross income, $46,186
Itemized deductions, $11,420
Child care tax credit, $80
Federal income tax withheld, $4,784
Amount for personal exemptions, $6,800
Average tax rate on taxable income, 15%
5. Would you prefer a fully taxable investment earning 10.7 percent or a tax-exempt investment earning 8.1 percent? Why? (Assume a 28 percent tax rate.)
6. On December 30, you decide to make a $1,000 charitable donation. If you are in a 28 percent tax bracket, how much would you save in taxes for the current year? If that tax savings was deposited in a savings account for the next five years at 6 percent, what would be the future value of that account?
1
Assignment 2: JPMorgan Chase
Strayer University
LEG 100
Discuss how administrative agencies like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) take action in order to be effective in preventing high-risk gambles in securities / banking, a foundation of the economy.
On January 11, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) voted 3-2 to propose regulations to implement Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act), commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule.” The proposal specifically prohibits a bank or institution that owns a bank from engaging in proprietary trading that is not at the behest of its clients, and from owning or investing in a hedge fund or private equity fund, and also limits the liabilities that the largest banks can hold .Under discussion is the possibility of restrictions on the way market making activities are compensated; traders would be paid on the basis of the spread of the transactions rather than any profit that the trader made for the client.
Determine the elements of a valid contract, and discuss how consumers and banks each have a duty of good faith and fair ...
Case Study : Business Law I Essay
Unit 2 Business Law Essay
Business Law
Business Law Essay
Business Law: Case Study Questions And Answers
The Business Law Short Essay
Business Law Essay
Business Law
Business Law Questions and Answers
Business Law and Ethics Essay
Business Law Essay
Business Law
Business Law Essay
Business Law Essay
Common Law Vs Civil Law Essay
Business Law
Business Law Essay
Business Law Essay
Business Law
ETH 321 Final Exam1. Civil enforcement powers regarding federal .docxPOLY33
ETH 321 Final Exam
1. Civil enforcement powers regarding federal antitrust matters belong to _______.
the Treasury Department
the Department of Revenue and Taxation
the FTC and the Department of Justice
the Department of Labor
2. Which of the following is true of tort law?
It protects people from being tried twice for the same crime.
Tort law typically deals with breach of contract.
It provides compensation to those workers who have been injured on the job.
It sets limits on how people can act and use their resources.
3. Fred takes Betty to dinner at a very expensive and exclusive restaurant The menu does not mention prices The server takes their order and both Betty and Fred enjoy the meal immensely. When the bill comes, Fred refuses to pay because the menu had no prices and because he and the server never engaged in language indicating and offer and acceptance. The server said, “Are you ready to order?” and when Fred said “Yes,” the server merely asked “What may I get you tonight?” Which of the following is true?
Fred must pay based on an implied-in-fact contract theory.
Fred must pay based on a promissory estoppel theory.
Fred must pay based on expressed contract theory.
Fred is correct because no contract was formed.
4. Which of the following statements is true of the WARN Act?
It requires employers to give notice to an “at will” employee that he/she is being fired.
It requires employers to give notice to employees that they are being subjected to polygraph tests.
It requires employers to give notice to employees that an unscheduled drug test will be conducted for all employees.
It requires employers to give notice of a scheduled mass layoff.
5. _____________ jurisprudence supports the idea that law can and should change to meet new developments in society.
Sociological
Natural
Historical
Positive law
6. Which of the following is true of the assumption of risks during delivery of goods?
The buyer is responsible for damages to goods when the seller is about to transfer for shipment.
The seller is liable for any damages incurred to the goods during shipment.
The buyer is liable for any damages incurred to the goods during shipment.
The seller is always responsible for shipping the goods to the buyer.
7. A 911 emergency response service needs operators who are bilingual in English and Spanish A few applicants of Spanish origin are rejected due to poor English-speaking skills. They file a complaint on the grounds of discrimination based on nationality. Their complaint is squashed. Here, the defense of the federal government is on the grounds of _______.
inculpatory evidence
circumstantial evidence
bona fide occupational qualifications
exclusionary rule
8. Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union called the Maastricht Treaty states the EU is founded on:
private markets
rule of law
specific performance
stare decisis
9. Interpreting Congressional intent which of the following is never a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)?
Race
Nat ...
I dont want word counting just complete the question.Review the.docxmaple8qvlisbey
I don't want word counting just complete the question.
Review the 10 cases presented for consideration in Question 2 (letters a - j) of the Chapter-End Questions in Chapter 2 (pp. 80-81 of the eBook).
For your first post, prepare a detailed response for one of the ten scenarios, explaining your conclusion regarding whether the scenario constitutes a violation of public policy or a breach of a covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Support your conclusion with legal analysis and reasoning. Explain whether any of the scenarios give rise to potential employer liability and what steps should have been taken to avoid the exposure. Then, comment and expand on the posts of the other class members.
a.
A female child care worker alleges that she was unlawfully terminated from her position as the director of a child care facility after continually refusing to make staff cuts. The staff cuts she was asked to make resulted in violation of state regulations governing the minimum ratios betweens staff and child. After the employee was terminated, the employer’s child care center was in violation of the staff-to-child ratio. [
Jasper v. H. Nizam, Inc.
, 764 N.W.2d 751, 2009 Iowa Sup.]
b.
A
machine operator employee with a major depressive disorder intermittently takes leaves under the Family and Medical Leave Act, resulting in alleged harassment by her employer surrounding her FMLA usage as well as a transfer to various difficult machines after her return from leave. Two months after her last FMLA leave, she is terminated for “improper phone usage.” [
Hite v. Vermeer Mfg. Co.
, 361 F. Supp. 2d 935 (S.D. Iowa, 2005).]
c.
A
nurse is asked by her employer to sign a backdated Medicare form. She refuses and is terminated that day. As a health care provider, she is required to complete that particular form. [
Callantine v. Staff Builders, Inc.
, 271 F.3d 1124 (8th Cir. 2001).]
d.
A
legal secretary to a county commissioner is terminated because of her political beliefs. [
Armour
v.
County of Beaver
, 271 F3d 417 (3d Cir. 2001).]
e.
A
teacher under contract is terminated after insisting that his superiors report a situation where a student was being physically abused. The teacher refused to commit an illegal act of not reporting the suspected abuse to family services. [
Keveney v. Missouri Military Academy
, 304 S.W.3d 98 (MO 2010).]
80 81
f.
A recent college graduate found a job with an office supply company as a reverse logistics analyst. Soon after being hired, he found that some practices within the department could be deemed unlawful and unethical. Three specific types of practices were written up in a formal complaint to his supervisor: (1) the issuing of monetary credits to customers without proper documentation, thus overpaying customers without returned goods; (2) the department’s knowingly withholding from contract customers by underissuing credits over $25; and (3) the canceling and reissuing of pickup orders that could allow courie.
Case Teaching Resources F R O M T H E E V A N S S C H O O .docxtidwellveronique
Case Teaching Resources F R O M T H E E V A N S S C H O O L O F P U B L I C A F F A I R S
T h e
E l e c t r o n i c H a l l w a y ®
Box 353060 · Universi ty of Washington · Seattle WA 98195-3060 www.hallway.org
This Kennedy School of Government case study has been distributed on The Electronic Hallway system under a
cooperative agreement between the Public Service Curriculum Exchange and the Kennedy School of Government Case
Program, Harvard University. This case was written by Pamela Varley with direction from Assistant Professor Micael
Barzelay for teaching use at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. (0787)
The Electronic Hallway is administered by the University of Washington's Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs. This
material may not be altered or copied without written permission from The Electronic Hallway. For permission, email
[email protected], or phone (206) 616-8777. Electronic Hallway members are granted copy permission for
educational purposes per the Member’s Agreement (www.hallway.org).
Copyright 2000 The Electronic Hallway
Denise Fleury and the Minnesota Office of State Claims
Introduction
When Denise Fleury left the private sector to become head of the Minnesota Office of
State Claims in June 1984, she knew the job would be challenging. Recent changes in
Minnesota’s worker’s compensation law had broadened the mission of State Claims,
which administered worker’s compensation benefits for allstate employees. As the
incoming manager of the office, Fleury was expected to re-orient State Claims to meet
these new responsibilities and to make sure that supervisors throughout state government
complied with the new law, as well.
When she took the job, however, Fleury did not realize how badly State Claims was
handling its old responsibilities. She soon found scrambling to cope with day-to-day
crises while trying to assume a host of new tasks. By the end of her first year, Fleury had
made real headway, but office operations continued to suffer from misunderstandings,
mistakes, and missed deadlines, which exasperated her staff as well as the employees and
agencies they served. Fleury was anxious to resolve these problems, but felt that she did
not understand the details of the office paper flow well enough to sort them out herself—
nor did she have the time to tackle such a job.
Background
In Minnesota, both public and private sector employers are required by law to pay for the
medical treatment of any employee who suffers a work-related injury and to pay lump-
sum awards for permanent injuries, such as the loss of a limb. In addition, employers
must provide “lost time” compensation (two-thirds the worker’s salary) to any employee
who misses more than three days of work due to a work-related injury.
Most private sector employers buy insurance to cover ...
Anton Piller order
Assignment of Choses in Action
Effect of Section 6 Civil Law Act 1956 in respect to equity
Fusion of Law and Equity
Meaning of maxims and illustrations from cases
Perpetual injunction
Promissory Estoppel
Reception of Equity in Malaysia
 Assignment 1 Discussion Question Prosocial Behavior and Altrui.docxbudbarber38650

Assignment 1: Discussion Question: Prosocial Behavior and Altruism
By Saturday, July 11, 2015, respond to the discussion question. Submit your responses to the appropriate Discussion Area. Use the same Discussion Area to comment on your classmates' submissions by Saturday, July 11, 2015, and continue the discussion until Wednesday, July 15, 2015 of the week.
Consider and discuss how the phenomena of prosocial behavior and pure altruism relate to each other and how they differ from each other.
Pure altruism is a specific kind of prosocial behavior where your sole motivation is to help a person in need without seeking benefit for yourself. It is often viewed as a truly selfless form of behavior.
Provide an example each of prosocial behavior and pure altruism.

.
● what is name of the new unit and what topics will Professor Moss c.docxbudbarber38650
● what is name of the new unit and what topics will Professor Moss cover? How does this unit correlate to modern times?
● what problems were apparent in urban America?
● what were the three main streams of immigration up through the 1920s? What are "birds of passage?" How were Japanese and Korean immigrants different than Chinese immigrants? What is meant by "pale of settlement" and "pogrom."
● What is meant by "Americanization" and how did this process occur?
● What were the various forms of popular culture during this era, and why were they important?
● what forms of popular culture did working women enjoy? How did middle-class reformers react to these forms?
● what is meant by "the new woman" and "mothers to society?"
● How did middle-class men generally respond to the changing times? Why were people like Eugene Sandow and Harry Houdini so significant at this time?
● What were some of the examples of nativism at this time?
● What was the Social Gospel and what are settlement houses?
.
…Multiple intelligences describe an individual’s strengths or capac.docxbudbarber38650
“…Multiple intelligences describe an individual’s strengths or capacities; learning styles describe an individual’s traits that relate to where and how one best learns” (Puckett, 2013, sec. 7.3).
This week you’ve read about the importance of getting to know your students in order to create relevant and engaging lesson plans that cater to multiple intelligences and are multimodal.
Assignment Instructions:
A. Using
SurveyMonkey
, create a survey that has:
At least five questions based on Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
At least five additional questions on individual learning style inventory
A specific targeted student population grade level (elementary/ middle/ high school/adults)
Include the survey link for your peers
B. Post a minimum 150 word introduction to your survey, using at least one research-based article (cited in APA format) explaining how it will:
Evaluate students’ abilities in terms of learning styles/preferences
Assist in the creation of differentiated lesson plans.
.
• World Cultural Perspective Paper Final SubmissionResources.docxbudbarber38650
•
World Cultural Perspective Paper Final Submission
Resources
•
By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assignment criteria:
•
Competency 1:
Evaluate communication issues and trends of various cultures within the United States.
•
Utilize effective research methods using a variety of applicable sources.
•
Demonstrate an ability to connect suitably selected research information with course content.
•
Competency 2:
Develop cultural self-awareness and other-culture awareness.
•
Investigate the interactive effect that cultural tendencies, issues, and trends of various cultures have on communication.
•
Competency 4:
Analyze how nonverbal communication (body language) affects intercultural communication.
•
Explain how personal interactions are affected by the nonverbal characteristics and differences specific to the U.S. culture.
•
Competency 5:
Communicate effectively in a variety of formats and contexts.
•
Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.
Instructions
This paper is one piece of your course project. Complete the following:
•
Choose a world culture that is unfamiliar to you and is represented domestically in the United States.
•
Use research to collect a variety of resources about the culture. This includes interacting with members of the culture. In particular, focus your research on a small number of social issues surrounding the culture, along with cultural tendencies and trends, and the effect of these things on communication. Types of resources include interviews, media presentations, Web sites, text readings, scholarly articles, and other related materials.
•
In a paper of 500–1,000 words, address these things:
•
Investigate the effect that the tendencies, issues, and trends of the culture have on communication.
•
Explain how characteristics of nonverbal communication and other differences between your selected culture and U.S. culture affect personal interactions between members of the two cultures.
•
Connect the research you gathered to your ideas and explanations.
Refer to the World Cultural Perspective Paper Final Submission Scoring Guide as you develop this assignment.
Assignment Requirements
•
Written Communication:
Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
•
APA Formatting:
Resources and citations are formatted according to APA style and formatting.
•
Page Requirements:
500–1,000 words.
•
Font and Font Size:
Times New Roman or Arial, 12 point.
Develop your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. Submit your document as an attachment in the assignment area.
Note:
Your instructor may also use the Writing Feedback Tool to provide feedback on your writing.
In the tool, click on the linked resources for helpful writing information.
•
Intercultural Competence Reflection
Resources
Review the situation in the media.
• Write a story; explaining and analyzing how a ce.docxbudbarber38650
•
W
rite a story; explaining and analyzing
how a certain independent variable ( at the individual, group or organization levels) affects a dependent variable (behaviour or attitude),
•
You will freely select your story from “ life” : from college, home, neighborhood, a book , a video/ movie, TV…etc. as long as the story has two clear dependent and independent variables.
•
You will finish with a conclusion that lists both variables and explain their relationship (cause and effect).
•
Assignment words limits 200 words (minimum)
WITH REFRENCES ABOUT THE STORY/ SCENARIO SOURCE !
.
•Use the general topic suggestion to form the thesis statement.docxbudbarber38650
•Use the general topic suggestion to form the
thesis statement
which will be an opinion on the topic. The thesis must have
three
controlling ideas.
•Develop an essay
map or informal outline
•Develop each paragraph using a specific
topic sentence
related to the controls in your thesis; thus, announcing the subject matter of that paragraph.
•Use
transitional devices
throughout the essay and in each paragraph.
•Use any combination of modes to support your arguments.
• Have a well-developed introduction and conclusion.
•Use quotes from the text to support your arguments.
•You must have a title.
•Make a “Work Cited” page with the text as the only source.
Topic:
Reading helps students to develop skills that will make them into a more optimally rounded person. Choose any three skills learned in reading and discuss how each one can help students to be more academically inclined.
the text
“The 1960s: A Decade of Promise and Heartbreak”
By Kenneth T. Walsh
March 9, 2010
US News
It was a decade of extremes, of
transformational
change and
bizarre
contrasts: flower children and
assassins
,
idealism
and
alienation
, rebellion and
backlash
. For many in the
massive
post-World War II baby boom generation, it was both the best of times and the worst of times. (7 words)
There will be many 50-year anniversaries to mark significant events of the 1960s, and a big reason is that what happened in that remarkable era still
resonates
today. At the dawn of that decade of contrasts a half century ago—on Jan. 2 ,1960—a
charismatic
young senator from Massachusetts named John F. Kennedy announced that he was running for president, and he won the nation's highest office the following November. He remains one of the
iconic
figures in U.S. history. On February 1, four determined black men sat at a whites-only lunch counter at a Woolworth's in Greensboro, N.C., and were denied service. Their act of
defiance
triggered a wave of sit-ins for civil rights across the South and brought
unrelenting
national attention to America's original sin of racism. On March 3, Elvis Presley returned to the United States from his Army stint in Germany, resuming his career as a pioneer of rock-and-roll and an icon of the youth culture celebrating freedom and a growing sense of rebellion.(5 words)
By the end of the decade, Kennedy had been
assassinated
, along with his brother Robert and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. America's cities had become powder kegs as African-Americans, despite historic gains toward legal equality, became more impatient than ever at being second-class citizens. Women began demanding their rights in
unprecedented
numbers. Young people and their parents felt a widening generation gap as seen in their differing perceptions of
patriotism
, drug use, sexuality, and the work ethic. The now familiar culture wars between liberals and conservatives caused angry divisions over law and order, busing, racial preferences, abortion, the Vie.
•The topic is culture adaptation ( adoption )16 slides.docxbudbarber38650
•
The topic is
culture adaptation ( adoption )
16 slides
FIrst part
1- I have to interview 4 people ( Indians Chinese....)
(Experts professors students......)
-What kind or type of culture shock they experienced when they first came to Kuwait?
And whether they tolerated? how do they feel where they tolerated by Kuwaitis ?
- why culture tolerance of a foreign country is required in international marketing.
Based on what you learn those people, you will learn about feelings and their problems and difficulties when they first arrived in foreign countries. And knowing this, now you have to take this knowledge and apply to marketing and answer the questions whether it's difficult to adopt to foreign culture if it's difficult for people it's probably will be very difficult to also introduce those products and adopt those products to foreign culture. So that's why am asking you why culture tolerance in other nations are important and required to International marketing. you have to answer those
The second part of the presentation
You will identify or you will give domestic examples and foreign examples ( culture imperatives + culture electives + culture exclusive) examples of each category what is it about
The last question of the presentation
To Discuss the factor that determined successfully global adaptation
you have to
inculde a video
( 1 min max: 2 min)
Chapter 5 and you may find it in other chapters
This is the book for my course marketing you can get infomation from it :
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8pig2KdTaOBSkRzVjJvR1pLUkU/edit
.
•Choose 1 of the department work flow processes, and put together a .docxbudbarber38650
•Choose 1 of the department work flow processes, and put together a thorough 1-paragraph summary to explain to the team the importance of this process and how it works with the EHR. Choose 1 work flow process from the following choices: ◦Appointment scheduling
◦Front desk or check-in
◦Nursing or clinical support
◦Care provider
◦Check-out desk
◦Business office or billing
◦Clinical staff or care provider
•Discuss and describe 3 facility software applications that integrate with the EHR. Examples of software applications are electronic prescribing, speech recognition, master patient index, encoder, picture archiving and communication, personal health record (PHR), decision support, and more.
•Prepare a 3-paragraph summary of each application for the implementation team, and discuss any problems that may be encountered during EHR implementation.
•Describe the impact of 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of the EHR so that the implementation team can start to prepare for this discussion with the administrators
650 words
.
‘The problem is not that people remember through photographs, but th.docxbudbarber38650
‘The problem is not that people remember through photographs, but that they remember only photographs. This remembering through photographs eclipses other forms of understanding, and remembering.
Harrowing photographs do not inevitably lose their power to shock. But they are not much help if the task is to understand. Narratives can make us understand. Photographs do something else: they haunt us
’ (Sontag, p. 79-80). Discuss the implications of Sontag’s claim for contemporary politics and humanitarian organisations.
* 3500 WORDS
*font 12
*Double Spaced
*8 resources at least
.
·
C
hoose an article
o
1000 words
o
Published in 5 years
o
Credible (e.g. Wall Street Journal, Asia Times, Fortune)
·
Write 3 single spaced analysis
o
Relate to Organizational Behavior
o
APA style
o
Name of theory; Definition of the theory; Location of link in the article
o
Explain and make analysis
.
More Related Content
Similar to Foley v. Interactive Data Corp. (1988) 47 C3d 654 [After .docx
Case Teaching Resources F R O M T H E E V A N S S C H O O .docxtidwellveronique
Case Teaching Resources F R O M T H E E V A N S S C H O O L O F P U B L I C A F F A I R S
T h e
E l e c t r o n i c H a l l w a y ®
Box 353060 · Universi ty of Washington · Seattle WA 98195-3060 www.hallway.org
This Kennedy School of Government case study has been distributed on The Electronic Hallway system under a
cooperative agreement between the Public Service Curriculum Exchange and the Kennedy School of Government Case
Program, Harvard University. This case was written by Pamela Varley with direction from Assistant Professor Micael
Barzelay for teaching use at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. (0787)
The Electronic Hallway is administered by the University of Washington's Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs. This
material may not be altered or copied without written permission from The Electronic Hallway. For permission, email
[email protected], or phone (206) 616-8777. Electronic Hallway members are granted copy permission for
educational purposes per the Member’s Agreement (www.hallway.org).
Copyright 2000 The Electronic Hallway
Denise Fleury and the Minnesota Office of State Claims
Introduction
When Denise Fleury left the private sector to become head of the Minnesota Office of
State Claims in June 1984, she knew the job would be challenging. Recent changes in
Minnesota’s worker’s compensation law had broadened the mission of State Claims,
which administered worker’s compensation benefits for allstate employees. As the
incoming manager of the office, Fleury was expected to re-orient State Claims to meet
these new responsibilities and to make sure that supervisors throughout state government
complied with the new law, as well.
When she took the job, however, Fleury did not realize how badly State Claims was
handling its old responsibilities. She soon found scrambling to cope with day-to-day
crises while trying to assume a host of new tasks. By the end of her first year, Fleury had
made real headway, but office operations continued to suffer from misunderstandings,
mistakes, and missed deadlines, which exasperated her staff as well as the employees and
agencies they served. Fleury was anxious to resolve these problems, but felt that she did
not understand the details of the office paper flow well enough to sort them out herself—
nor did she have the time to tackle such a job.
Background
In Minnesota, both public and private sector employers are required by law to pay for the
medical treatment of any employee who suffers a work-related injury and to pay lump-
sum awards for permanent injuries, such as the loss of a limb. In addition, employers
must provide “lost time” compensation (two-thirds the worker’s salary) to any employee
who misses more than three days of work due to a work-related injury.
Most private sector employers buy insurance to cover ...
Anton Piller order
Assignment of Choses in Action
Effect of Section 6 Civil Law Act 1956 in respect to equity
Fusion of Law and Equity
Meaning of maxims and illustrations from cases
Perpetual injunction
Promissory Estoppel
Reception of Equity in Malaysia
 Assignment 1 Discussion Question Prosocial Behavior and Altrui.docxbudbarber38650

Assignment 1: Discussion Question: Prosocial Behavior and Altruism
By Saturday, July 11, 2015, respond to the discussion question. Submit your responses to the appropriate Discussion Area. Use the same Discussion Area to comment on your classmates' submissions by Saturday, July 11, 2015, and continue the discussion until Wednesday, July 15, 2015 of the week.
Consider and discuss how the phenomena of prosocial behavior and pure altruism relate to each other and how they differ from each other.
Pure altruism is a specific kind of prosocial behavior where your sole motivation is to help a person in need without seeking benefit for yourself. It is often viewed as a truly selfless form of behavior.
Provide an example each of prosocial behavior and pure altruism.

.
● what is name of the new unit and what topics will Professor Moss c.docxbudbarber38650
● what is name of the new unit and what topics will Professor Moss cover? How does this unit correlate to modern times?
● what problems were apparent in urban America?
● what were the three main streams of immigration up through the 1920s? What are "birds of passage?" How were Japanese and Korean immigrants different than Chinese immigrants? What is meant by "pale of settlement" and "pogrom."
● What is meant by "Americanization" and how did this process occur?
● What were the various forms of popular culture during this era, and why were they important?
● what forms of popular culture did working women enjoy? How did middle-class reformers react to these forms?
● what is meant by "the new woman" and "mothers to society?"
● How did middle-class men generally respond to the changing times? Why were people like Eugene Sandow and Harry Houdini so significant at this time?
● What were some of the examples of nativism at this time?
● What was the Social Gospel and what are settlement houses?
.
…Multiple intelligences describe an individual’s strengths or capac.docxbudbarber38650
“…Multiple intelligences describe an individual’s strengths or capacities; learning styles describe an individual’s traits that relate to where and how one best learns” (Puckett, 2013, sec. 7.3).
This week you’ve read about the importance of getting to know your students in order to create relevant and engaging lesson plans that cater to multiple intelligences and are multimodal.
Assignment Instructions:
A. Using
SurveyMonkey
, create a survey that has:
At least five questions based on Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
At least five additional questions on individual learning style inventory
A specific targeted student population grade level (elementary/ middle/ high school/adults)
Include the survey link for your peers
B. Post a minimum 150 word introduction to your survey, using at least one research-based article (cited in APA format) explaining how it will:
Evaluate students’ abilities in terms of learning styles/preferences
Assist in the creation of differentiated lesson plans.
.
• World Cultural Perspective Paper Final SubmissionResources.docxbudbarber38650
•
World Cultural Perspective Paper Final Submission
Resources
•
By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assignment criteria:
•
Competency 1:
Evaluate communication issues and trends of various cultures within the United States.
•
Utilize effective research methods using a variety of applicable sources.
•
Demonstrate an ability to connect suitably selected research information with course content.
•
Competency 2:
Develop cultural self-awareness and other-culture awareness.
•
Investigate the interactive effect that cultural tendencies, issues, and trends of various cultures have on communication.
•
Competency 4:
Analyze how nonverbal communication (body language) affects intercultural communication.
•
Explain how personal interactions are affected by the nonverbal characteristics and differences specific to the U.S. culture.
•
Competency 5:
Communicate effectively in a variety of formats and contexts.
•
Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.
Instructions
This paper is one piece of your course project. Complete the following:
•
Choose a world culture that is unfamiliar to you and is represented domestically in the United States.
•
Use research to collect a variety of resources about the culture. This includes interacting with members of the culture. In particular, focus your research on a small number of social issues surrounding the culture, along with cultural tendencies and trends, and the effect of these things on communication. Types of resources include interviews, media presentations, Web sites, text readings, scholarly articles, and other related materials.
•
In a paper of 500–1,000 words, address these things:
•
Investigate the effect that the tendencies, issues, and trends of the culture have on communication.
•
Explain how characteristics of nonverbal communication and other differences between your selected culture and U.S. culture affect personal interactions between members of the two cultures.
•
Connect the research you gathered to your ideas and explanations.
Refer to the World Cultural Perspective Paper Final Submission Scoring Guide as you develop this assignment.
Assignment Requirements
•
Written Communication:
Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
•
APA Formatting:
Resources and citations are formatted according to APA style and formatting.
•
Page Requirements:
500–1,000 words.
•
Font and Font Size:
Times New Roman or Arial, 12 point.
Develop your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. Submit your document as an attachment in the assignment area.
Note:
Your instructor may also use the Writing Feedback Tool to provide feedback on your writing.
In the tool, click on the linked resources for helpful writing information.
•
Intercultural Competence Reflection
Resources
Review the situation in the media.
• Write a story; explaining and analyzing how a ce.docxbudbarber38650
•
W
rite a story; explaining and analyzing
how a certain independent variable ( at the individual, group or organization levels) affects a dependent variable (behaviour or attitude),
•
You will freely select your story from “ life” : from college, home, neighborhood, a book , a video/ movie, TV…etc. as long as the story has two clear dependent and independent variables.
•
You will finish with a conclusion that lists both variables and explain their relationship (cause and effect).
•
Assignment words limits 200 words (minimum)
WITH REFRENCES ABOUT THE STORY/ SCENARIO SOURCE !
.
•Use the general topic suggestion to form the thesis statement.docxbudbarber38650
•Use the general topic suggestion to form the
thesis statement
which will be an opinion on the topic. The thesis must have
three
controlling ideas.
•Develop an essay
map or informal outline
•Develop each paragraph using a specific
topic sentence
related to the controls in your thesis; thus, announcing the subject matter of that paragraph.
•Use
transitional devices
throughout the essay and in each paragraph.
•Use any combination of modes to support your arguments.
• Have a well-developed introduction and conclusion.
•Use quotes from the text to support your arguments.
•You must have a title.
•Make a “Work Cited” page with the text as the only source.
Topic:
Reading helps students to develop skills that will make them into a more optimally rounded person. Choose any three skills learned in reading and discuss how each one can help students to be more academically inclined.
the text
“The 1960s: A Decade of Promise and Heartbreak”
By Kenneth T. Walsh
March 9, 2010
US News
It was a decade of extremes, of
transformational
change and
bizarre
contrasts: flower children and
assassins
,
idealism
and
alienation
, rebellion and
backlash
. For many in the
massive
post-World War II baby boom generation, it was both the best of times and the worst of times. (7 words)
There will be many 50-year anniversaries to mark significant events of the 1960s, and a big reason is that what happened in that remarkable era still
resonates
today. At the dawn of that decade of contrasts a half century ago—on Jan. 2 ,1960—a
charismatic
young senator from Massachusetts named John F. Kennedy announced that he was running for president, and he won the nation's highest office the following November. He remains one of the
iconic
figures in U.S. history. On February 1, four determined black men sat at a whites-only lunch counter at a Woolworth's in Greensboro, N.C., and were denied service. Their act of
defiance
triggered a wave of sit-ins for civil rights across the South and brought
unrelenting
national attention to America's original sin of racism. On March 3, Elvis Presley returned to the United States from his Army stint in Germany, resuming his career as a pioneer of rock-and-roll and an icon of the youth culture celebrating freedom and a growing sense of rebellion.(5 words)
By the end of the decade, Kennedy had been
assassinated
, along with his brother Robert and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. America's cities had become powder kegs as African-Americans, despite historic gains toward legal equality, became more impatient than ever at being second-class citizens. Women began demanding their rights in
unprecedented
numbers. Young people and their parents felt a widening generation gap as seen in their differing perceptions of
patriotism
, drug use, sexuality, and the work ethic. The now familiar culture wars between liberals and conservatives caused angry divisions over law and order, busing, racial preferences, abortion, the Vie.
•The topic is culture adaptation ( adoption )16 slides.docxbudbarber38650
•
The topic is
culture adaptation ( adoption )
16 slides
FIrst part
1- I have to interview 4 people ( Indians Chinese....)
(Experts professors students......)
-What kind or type of culture shock they experienced when they first came to Kuwait?
And whether they tolerated? how do they feel where they tolerated by Kuwaitis ?
- why culture tolerance of a foreign country is required in international marketing.
Based on what you learn those people, you will learn about feelings and their problems and difficulties when they first arrived in foreign countries. And knowing this, now you have to take this knowledge and apply to marketing and answer the questions whether it's difficult to adopt to foreign culture if it's difficult for people it's probably will be very difficult to also introduce those products and adopt those products to foreign culture. So that's why am asking you why culture tolerance in other nations are important and required to International marketing. you have to answer those
The second part of the presentation
You will identify or you will give domestic examples and foreign examples ( culture imperatives + culture electives + culture exclusive) examples of each category what is it about
The last question of the presentation
To Discuss the factor that determined successfully global adaptation
you have to
inculde a video
( 1 min max: 2 min)
Chapter 5 and you may find it in other chapters
This is the book for my course marketing you can get infomation from it :
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8pig2KdTaOBSkRzVjJvR1pLUkU/edit
.
•Choose 1 of the department work flow processes, and put together a .docxbudbarber38650
•Choose 1 of the department work flow processes, and put together a thorough 1-paragraph summary to explain to the team the importance of this process and how it works with the EHR. Choose 1 work flow process from the following choices: ◦Appointment scheduling
◦Front desk or check-in
◦Nursing or clinical support
◦Care provider
◦Check-out desk
◦Business office or billing
◦Clinical staff or care provider
•Discuss and describe 3 facility software applications that integrate with the EHR. Examples of software applications are electronic prescribing, speech recognition, master patient index, encoder, picture archiving and communication, personal health record (PHR), decision support, and more.
•Prepare a 3-paragraph summary of each application for the implementation team, and discuss any problems that may be encountered during EHR implementation.
•Describe the impact of 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of the EHR so that the implementation team can start to prepare for this discussion with the administrators
650 words
.
‘The problem is not that people remember through photographs, but th.docxbudbarber38650
‘The problem is not that people remember through photographs, but that they remember only photographs. This remembering through photographs eclipses other forms of understanding, and remembering.
Harrowing photographs do not inevitably lose their power to shock. But they are not much help if the task is to understand. Narratives can make us understand. Photographs do something else: they haunt us
’ (Sontag, p. 79-80). Discuss the implications of Sontag’s claim for contemporary politics and humanitarian organisations.
* 3500 WORDS
*font 12
*Double Spaced
*8 resources at least
.
·
C
hoose an article
o
1000 words
o
Published in 5 years
o
Credible (e.g. Wall Street Journal, Asia Times, Fortune)
·
Write 3 single spaced analysis
o
Relate to Organizational Behavior
o
APA style
o
Name of theory; Definition of the theory; Location of link in the article
o
Explain and make analysis
.
·You have been engaged to prepare the 2015 federal income tax re.docxbudbarber38650
·
You have been engaged to prepare the 2015 federal income tax return for Bob and Melissa Grant.
·
Your tax form submission should include: Form 1040, Schedules A, B, D, E, and Forms 4684 and 8949 as applicable. You will come across many items on the tax return we have not talked about in class; if we have not covered it in class, and it is not included in the information below, you do
not
need to address it on this assignment.
·
Your solution should contain a detailed workpaper that calculates the tax due or refunded with the return and calculated in the form of the tax formula (see Ch. 4 lecture slides). The calculation should be well labeled and EASY to follow. This presentation will be factored into your grade. Do NOT include any references or citations on your workpaper.
·
You may complete the return by hand (
neatly
) or typed using 2015 forms found on Blackboard or the IRS website. You may complete the form using software, one version of which is available in the ACELAB.
o
Note – ACELAB software is for the 2014 tax year; if you choose to use this method, you do not need to override the automatically calculated 2014 information, but your workpaper must detail each line item that will differ between the 2014 form generated and the 2015 forms).
·
Use the following assumptions in preparing the return:
o
The general method of accounting used by the Grants is the cash method.
o
Use all opportunities under law to minimize the 2015 federal income tax.
o
Use whole dollars when preparing the tax return.
o
Do not prepare a state income tax return.
o
Ignore the Line 45 calculation for alternative minimum tax.
o
If required information is missing, use reasonable assumptions to fill in the gaps.
Client memo (5 points)
·
Complete a letter to the client regarding tax planning advice. Identify and explain two reasonable tax planning items the family could use to minimize their tax liability and/or maximize their wealth. All items would be implemented in future years and do not impact the current tax return.
BOB AND MELISSA GRANT
INDIVIDUAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX RETURN
Bob (age 43, SSN #987-45-1234) and Melissa Grant (age 43, SSN #494-37-4893) are married and live in Lexington, Kentucky. The Grants would like to file a joint tax return for the year. The Grants’ mailing address is 95 Hickory Road, Lexington, Kentucky 40502.
The Grants have two children Jared (SSN #412-32-5690), age 18, and Alese (SSN #412-32-6940), age 12. Jared is still in high school and works part time as a waiter and earns about $2,000 a year. The Grant’s also provide financial support to Bob’s aged (85 years) grandfather, Michael Sr., who is widowed and lives alone. Michael Sr.’s Social Security number is 982-21-5543. He has no income and the Grant’s provide 100 percent of his support.
Bob Grant’s Forms W-2 provided the following wages and withholding for the year:
Employer
Gross Wages
Federal Income Tax Withholding
State Income Tax Withholding
National Sto.
·Time Value of MoneyQuestion A·Discuss the significance .docxbudbarber38650
·
Time Value of Money
Question A
·
Discuss the significance of recognizing the time value of money in the long-term impact of the capital budgeting decision.
Question B
·
Discuss how the internal rate of return (IRR) method differs from the net present value (NPV) method. Be sure to include an explanation of what the IRR method is and what the NPV method is.
The initial post by day 5 should be a minimum of 150 words. If you use any source outside of your own thoughts, you should reference that source. Include solid grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling.
.
·Reviewthe steps of the communication model on in Ch. 2 of Bus.docxbudbarber38650
·
Reviewthe steps of the communication model on in Ch. 2 of
Business Communication
. See Figure 2.1.
·
Identify one personal or business communication scenario.
Describe each step of that communication using your personal or business scenario. Use detailed paragraphs in the boxes provided
Steps of communication model
Personal or business scenario
1.
Sender has an idea.
2.
Sender encodes the idea in a message.
3.
Sender produces the message in a medium.
4.
Sender transmits message through a channel.
5.
Audience receives the message.
6.
Audience decodes the message.
7.
Audience responds to the message.
8.
Audience provides feedback to the sender.
Additional Insight
Identify
two potential barriers that could occur in your communication scenario and then explain how you would overcome them. Write your answer(s) below.
.
·Research Activity Sustainable supply chain can be viewed as.docxbudbarber38650
·
Research Activity
Sustainable supply chain can be viewed as Management of raw materials and services from suppliers to manufacturers/ service provider to customer - with improvement of the social and environmental impacts explicitly considered.
Carry out a literature review on sustainable / green supply chain and prepare:
·
A report (provide an example) -2500-3000 words approximately and
Issues/topics that
you may like
to address/consider are:
1.
Drivers for Sustainable SCM
2.
Analysing the impact of carbon emissions on manufacturing operation, cost and profit by focusing on product life cycle analysis.
Analyse aspects of the product life cycle in terms of; Outlining CO2 emission points and scope, defining CO2 baseline, prioritising measures to reduce or off set emissions and finally planning and initiating actions.
3.
New ways of thinking/information sharing
Seven key solution areas were identified:
·
In- store logistics: includes in-store visibility, shelf-ready products, shopper interaction
·
Collaborative physical logistics: shared transport, shared warehouse, shared infrastructure
·
Reverse logistics: product recycling, packaging recycling, returnable assets
·
Demand fluctuation management: joint planning, execution and monitoring
·
Identification and labelling: through the use of barcodes and RFID tags. Identification is about providing all partners in the value chain with the ability to use the same standardised mechanism to uniquely identify parties/locations, items and events with clear rules about where, how, when and by whom these will be created, used and maintained. Labels currently are the most widely used means to communicate about relevant sustainability and security aspects of a certain product towards consumers
·
Efficient assets: alternative forms of energy, efficient/aerodynamic vehicles, switching modes, green buildings
·
Joint scorecard and business plan: this solution consists of a suite of industry-relevant measurement tools falling into two broad categories: qualitative tools, which are a set of capability metrics designed to measure the extent to which the trading partners (supplier, service provider and retailer) are working collaboratively; and quantitative tools, which include business metrics aimed at measuring the impact of collaboration
4.
Sustainability in the carbon economy
5.
Introducing/developing sustainable KPI
s
to SC, SCOR,GSCF Models
Wal-Mart
may be a good example to look at: when you burn less, you pay less and emit less, and the benefits can ripple further. The big advantages for organisations in becoming sustainable are reducing costs and helping the environment. For example: Wal-Mart sells 25% of detergent sold in the United States, by replacing regular washing detergent with concentrate they will save: 400 million gallons of water, 125 million pounds of cardboard and packaging, 95 million pounds of plastic.
.
·DISCUSSION 1 – VARIOUS THEORIES – Discuss the following in 150-.docxbudbarber38650
·
DISCUSSION 1 – VARIOUS THEORIES – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Differentiate between the various dispositional, biological and evolutionary personality theories.
·
DISCUSSION 2 – STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Explain the strengths and limitations of dispositional, biological and evolutionary personality theories.
·
DISCUSSION 3 – ANALYZE PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Analyze individual personality characteristics using dispositional, biological and evolutionary personality theories.
·
DISCUSSION 4 – INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Explain interpersonal relations using dispositional and biological or evolutionary personality theories.
·
DISCUSSION 5 – ALLPORTS BELIEF – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Do you agree or disagree with Allport's belief that individuals are motivated by present drives, not past events? Why?
.
·
Module 6 Essay Content
:
o
The Module/Week 6 essay requires you to discuss the history and contours of the “original intent” vs. “judicial activism” debate in American jurisprudence.
o
Part 1: Introduce and explain the key arguments supporting the “original intent” perspective and the argument for “judicial activism.”
o
Part 2: Weigh the merits of both sides and provide an assessment of both based upon research and analysis.
·
P
age Length:
At least three (3) pages in addition to the title page, abstract page, and bibliography page
·
Sources/Citations
: At least ten (10) sources, combining course material and outside material, are required. Key ideas from the required reading must be incorporated.
.
·Observe a group discussing a topic of interest such as a focus .docxbudbarber38650
·
Observe a group discussing a topic of interest such as a focus group, a community public assembly, a department meeting at your workplace, or local support group
·
Study how the group members interact and impact one another
·
Analyze how the group behaviors and communication patterns influence social facilitation
·
Integrate your findings with evidence-based literature from journal articles, textbook, and additional scholarly sources
Purpose:
To provide you with an opportunity to experience a group setting and analyze how the presence of others substantially influences the behaviors of its members through social facilitation.
Process:
You will participate as a guest at an interest group meeting in your community to gather data for a qualitative research paper. Once you have located an interest group, contact stakeholders and explain the purpose of your inquiry. After you receive permission to participate, you will schedule a date to attend the meeting; at which time you will observe the members and document the following for your analysis:
Part I
·
How were the people arranged in the physical environment (layout of room and seating arrangement)?
·
What is the composition of the group, in terms of number of people, ages, sex, ethnicity, etc.?
·
What are the group purpose, mission, and goals?
·
What is the duration of the group (short, long-term)? Explain.
·
Did the group structure its discussion around an agenda, program, rules of order, etc.?
·
Describe the structure of the group. How is the group organized?
·
Who are the primary facilitators of the group?
·
What subject or issues did the group members examine during the meeting?
·
What types of information did members exchange in their group?
·
What were the group's norms, roles, status hierarchy, or communication patterns?
·
What communication patterns illustrated if the group was unified or fragmented? Explain.
·
Did the members share a sense of identity with one another (characteristics of the group-similarities, interests, philosophy, etc.)?
·
Was there any indication that members might be vulnerable to Groupthink? Why or why not?
·
In your opinion, how did the collective group behaviors influence individual attitudes and the group's effectiveness? Provide your overall analysis.
Part II
Write a 1,200- to 1,500-word paper incorporating your analysis with evidence to substantiate your conclusion.
Explain how your observations relate to research studies on norm formation, group norms, conformity, and/or social influence.
Integrate your findings with literature from the textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, and additional scholarly sources. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
·Identify any program constraints, such as financial resources, .docxbudbarber38650
·
Identify any program constraints, such as financial resources, human capital, and local culture.
·
Analyze the relationships between the policy developers and the policy implementers for the selected program.
Topic is Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program. 380 words, APA format.
.
·Double-spaced·12-15 pages each chapterThe followi.docxbudbarber38650
·
Double-spaced
·
12-15 pages each chapter
The following is my layout for thesis:
CHAPTER 5
·
Brazil’s current outcomes in government, Financial, environmental, and community aspects.
1.
Variation in Government economic politics
2.
Yearly Financial growth
3.
Environmental risk factors
4.
Changes in community aspects
CHAPTER 6
·
Predictions of Market progression, Industrial variations, and government changes between 2007 to 2017
1.
Predictions for Industrial progression
a)
Financial variations and deviations
b)
Funding distribution for new technologies research and development
2.
Prediction for Brazil’s political outlook
a)
New economic laws and tax exemptions
b)
Changes in Political parties
3.
Predictions for deviations and variations in Brazil’s Market
a)
International growth
b)
Domestic growth
.
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Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Foley v. Interactive Data Corp. (1988) 47 C3d 654 [After .docx
1. Foley v. Interactive Data Corp. (1988) 47 C3d 654
[After Interactive Data Corporation fired plaintiff Daniel D.
Foley, an executive employee, he filed this
action seeking compensatory and punitive damages for wrongful
discharge. Foley asserted several
distinct theories for wrongful discharge, including a tort cause
of action alleging a discharge in violation of
public policy and a contract cause of action for breach of an
implied-in-fact promise to discharge for good
cause only.
The Court of Appeal determined that Foley alleged no
statutorily based breach of public policy sufficient
to state a cause of action, and that his claim for breach of
implied contract to discharge only for good
cause was barred by the statute of frauds. The California
Supreme Court granted review to consider the
Court of Appeal determinations.]
* * * *
Facts
* * * *
According to the complaint, plaintiff is a former employee of
defendant, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Chase Manhattan Bank that markets computer-based decision-
support services. Defendant hired plaintiff
in June 1976 as an assistant product manager at a starting salary
of $18,500. As a condition of
2. employment defendant required plaintiff to sign a "Confidential
and Proprietary Information Agreement"
whereby he promised not to engage in certain competition with
defendant for one year after the
termination of his employment for any reason. . . . It did not
state any limitation on the grounds for which
plaintiff's employment could be terminated.
Over the next six years and nine months, plaintiff received a
steady series of salary increases,
promotions, bonuses, awards and superior performance
evaluations. In 1979 defendant named him
consultant manager of the year and in 1981 promoted him to
branch manager of its Los Angeles office.
His annual salary rose to $56,164 and he received an additional
$6,762 merit bonus two days before his
discharge in March 1983. He alleges defendant's officers made
repeated oral assurances of job security
so long as his performance remained adequate.
Plaintiff also alleged that during his employment, defendant
maintained written "Termination Guidelines"
that set forth express grounds for discharge and a mandatory
seven-step pretermination procedure.
Plaintiff understood that these guidelines applied not only to
employees under plaintiff's supervision, but
to him as well. On the basis of these representations, plaintiff
alleged that he reasonably believed
defendant would not discharge him except for good cause, and
therefore he refrained from accepting or
pursuing other job opportunities.
The event that led to plaintiff's discharge was a private
conversation in January 1983 with his former
supervisor, Vice President Richard Earnest. During the
previous year defendant had hired Robert Kuhne
3. and subsequently named Kuhne to replace Earnest as plaintiff's
immediate supervisor. Plaintiff learned
that Kuhne was currently under investigation by the Federal
Bureau of Investigation for embezzlement
from his former employer, Bank of America. Plaintiff reported
what he knew about Kuhne to Earnest,
because he was "worried about working for Kuhne and having
him in a supervisory position ..., in view of
Kuhne's suspected criminal conduct." Plaintiff asserted he
"made this disclosure in the interest and for
the benefit of his employer," allegedly because he believed that
because defendant and its parent do
business with the financial community on a confidential basis,
the company would have a legitimate
interest in knowing about a high executive's alleged prior
criminal conduct.
In response, Earnest allegedly told plaintiff not to discuss
"rumors" and to "forget what he heard" about
Kuhne's past. In early March, Kuhne informed plaintiff that
defendant had decided to replace him for
"performance reasons" and that he could transfer to a position in
another division in Waltham,
Massachusetts. Plaintiff was told that if he did not accept a
transfer, he might be demoted but not fired.
One week later, Earnest informed plaintiff he was not doing a
good job, and six days later, he notified
plaintiff he could continue as branch manager if he "agreed to
go on a 'performance plan.' Plaintiff
asserts he agreed to consider such an arrangement." The next
day, when Kuhne met with plaintiff,
purportedly to present him with a written "performance plan"
proposal, Kuhne instead informed plaintiff he
4. had the choice of resigning or being fired. Kuhne offered
neither a performance plan nor an option to
transfer to another position.
* * * *
I. Tortious Discharge in Contravention of Public Policy
We turn first to plaintiff's cause of action alleging he was
discharged in violation of public policy. Labor
Code section 2922 provides in relevant part, "An employment,
having no specified term, may be
terminated at the will of either party on notice to the other. ..."
This presumption may be superseded by a
contract, express or implied, limiting the employer's right to
discharge the employee. . . . Absent any
contract, however, the employment is "at will," and the
employee can be fired with or without good cause.
But the employer's right to discharge an "at will" employee is
still subject to limits imposed by public
policy, since otherwise the threat of discharge could be used to
coerce employees into committing crimes,
concealing wrongdoing, or taking other action harmful to the
public [welfare].
Petermann v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters . . . first
stated the foregoing principle. There, the
plaintiff, a union business agent, alleged he was discharged
when he refused to testify falsely to a state
legislative committee. . . .
Similarly, Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield Co. . . declared that a
tort action for wrongful discharge may lie if
the employer "condition[s] employment upon required
participation in unlawful conduct by the employee."
In Tameny, the plaintiff alleged he was fired for refusing to
5. engage in price fixing in violation of the
Cartwright Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act. . . .
[In both the Petermann and Tameny] cases, an employee was
discharged for his refusal to violate a
penal statute. The plaintiff in Petermann, however, had framed
his complaint in contract, and sought only
back wages; the Tameny plaintiff sought tort damages. In
upholding the claim in Tameny, we explained
that the cause of action was not dependent on an express or
implied promise in the employment contract,
"but rather reflects a duty imposed by law upon all employers in
order to implement the fundamental
public policies embodied in the state's penal statutes." . . . We
noted also that the existence of a
contractual relationship would not bar an injured party from
seeking relief . . . through tort remedies when
the "employer's discharge of an employee contravenes the
dictates of public policy.". . .
* * * *
We . . . must still inquire whether the discharge is against
public policy and affects a duty which inures to
the benefit of the public at large rather than to a particular
employer or employee. For example, many
statutes simply regulate conduct between private individuals, or
impose requirements whose fulfillment
does not implicate fundamental public policy concerns. . . .
In the present case, plaintiff alleges that defendant discharged
him in "sharp derogation" of a substantial
public policy that imposes a legal duty on employees to report
relevant business information to
management. An employee is an agent, and as such "is required
to disclose to [his] principal all
6. information he has relevant to the subject matter of the agency."
. . . Thus, plaintiff asserts, if he
discovered information that might lead his employer to conclude
that an employee was an embezzler, and
should not be retained, plaintiff had a duty to communicate that
information to his principal. . . .
* * * *
Whether or not there is a statutory duty requiring an employee
to report information relevant to his
employer's interest, we do not find a substantial public policy
prohibiting an employer from discharging an
employee for performing that duty. Past decisions recognizing
a tort action for discharge in violation of
public policy seek to protect the public, by protecting the
employee who refuses to commit a crime . . . ,
who reports criminal activity to proper authorities . . ., or who
discloses other illegal, unethical, or unsafe
practices . . . No equivalent public interest bars the discharge
of the present plaintiff. When the duty of
an employee to disclose information to his employer serves only
the private interest of the employer, the
rationale underlying the Tameny cause of action is not
implicated.
We conclude that the Court of Appeal properly [held that Foley
did not allege a breach of public policy tort
claim.]
II. Breach of Employment Contract
* * * *
7. Although plaintiff describes his cause of action as one for
breach of an oral contract, he does not allege
explicit words by which the parties agreed that he would not be
terminated without good cause. Instead
he alleges that a course of conduct, including various oral
representations, created a reasonable
expectation to that effect. Thus, his cause of action is more
properly described as one for breach of an
implied-in-fact contract.
* * * *
We begin by acknowledging the fundamental principle of
freedom of contract: employer and employee
are free to agree to a contract terminable at will or subject to
limitations. Their agreement will be enforced
so long as it does not violate legal strictures external to the
contract, such as laws affecting union
membership and activity, prohibitions on indentured servitude,
or the many other legal restrictions already
described which place certain restraints on the employment
arrangement. As we have discussed, Labor
Code section 2922 establishes a presumption of at-will
employment if the parties have made no express
oral or written agreement specifying the length of employment
or the grounds for termination. This
presumption may, however, be overcome by evidence that
despite the absence of a specified term, the
parties agreed that the employer's power to terminate would be
limited in some way, e.g., by a
requirement that termination be based only on "good cause." . . .
The absence of an express written or oral contract term
concerning termination of employment does not
necessarily indicate that the employment is actually intended by
8. the parties to be "at will," because the
presumption of at-will employment may be overcome by
evidence of contrary intent. . . .
* * * *
In the employment context, factors apart from consideration and
express terms may be used to ascertain
the existence and content of an employment agreement,
including "the personnel policies or practices of
the employer, the employee's longevity of service, actions or
communications by the employer reflecting
assurances of continued employment, and the practices of the
industry in which the employee is
engaged." . . .
* * * *
Defendant [argued] that even if a promise to discharge "for
good cause only" could be implied in fact, the
evidentiary factors . . . relied on by plaintiff, are inadequate as
a matter of law. This contention fails on
several grounds.
First, defendant overemphasizes the fact that plaintiff was
employed for "only" six years and nine months.
Length of employment is a relevant consideration [and] six
years and nine months is sufficient time for
conduct to occur on which a trier of fact could find the
existence of an implied contract . . . Plaintiff here
alleged repeated oral assurances of job security and consistent
promotions, salary increases and
bonuses during the term of his employment contributing to his
9. reasonable expectation that he would not
be discharged except for good cause.
Second, an allegation of breach of written "Termination
Guidelines" implying self-imposed limitations on
the employer's power to discharge at will may be sufficient to
state a cause of action for breach of an
employment contract. [An implied agreement to limit the
termination to "cause" can be based on the
personnel manual or policies or individual performance
evaluations] . . . .
Finally, . . plaintiff alleges that he supplied the company
valuable and separate consideration by signing
an agreement whereby he promised not to compete or conceal
any computer-related information from
defendant for one year after termination. The noncompetition
agreement . . . may be probative evidence
that [the parties intended] limitations upon the employer's
dismissal authority [because the] employee has
provided some benefit to the employer . . . beyond the usual
rendition of service. . . .
In sum, plaintiff has pleaded facts which, if proved, may be
sufficient for a jury to find an implied-in-fact
contract limiting defendant's right to discharge him arbitrarily --
facts sufficient to overcome the
presumption of Labor Code section 2922. . . .
* * * *
Conclusion
Plaintiff may proceed with his cause of action alleging a breach
of an implied-in-fact contract promise to
discharge him only for good cause . . . . His cause of action for
10. a breach of public policy . . . was properly
dismissed because the facts alleged, even if proven, would not
establish a discharge in violation of public
policy. . . .
Accordingly, that portion of the judgment of the Court of
Appeal affirming the dismissal of plaintiff's causes
of action alleging a discharge in breach of public policy . . . is
affirmed. That portion of the judgment of
the Court of Appeal affirming the dismissal of the cause of
action alleging an implied-in-fact contract not
to discharge except for good cause is reversed, and the case is
remanded for action consistent with the
views expressed herein.
9B13M094
CHARLES CHOCOLATES
Professor Charlene Zietsma wrote this case solely to provide
material for class discussion. The author does not intend to
illustrate
either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial
situation. The author may have disguised certain names and
other identifying
information to protect confidentiality.
This publication may not be transmitted, photocopied, digitized
or otherwise reproduced in any form or by any means without
the
permission of the copyright holder. Reproduction of this
material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction
12. the eight weeks prior to Christmas.
Twenty per cent of “heavy users” account for more than half of
these pre-Christmas sales. These heavy
users tend to be established families, middle aged childless
couples and empty nesters with high incomes.
They purchase more high quality boxed chocolate than bars or
lower quality chocolate.3
In line with social trends, demand was growing for organic
chocolate and dark chocolate due to its heart-
healthy anti-oxidant properties. At the same time, however,
large chocolate manufacturers wanted the
United States Food and Drug Administration to redefine the
term “chocolate” to allow them to produce
cheaper versions (with less chocolate content) and still call it
chocolate. Consumers and employees also
increasingly demanded corporate social responsibility.
Chocolate companies were targeted because
1 All currency in U.S. dollars unless specified otherwise.
2 http://www.vreelandassociates.com/us-chocolate-sales-up-6-
while-premium-jumps-10/, accessed August 14, 2013.
3 Company insider citing a presentation by Neilson at the
Confectionary Manufacturer’s Association conference, 2007.
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13. Page 2 9B13M094
forced labor and child labor was still sometimes used in cocoa
bean production in West Africa.
Environmental concerns influenced packaging, procurement and
operational decisions.
COMPETITORS
Chocolate competitors in the premium chocolate segment in the
United States featured strong regional
brands and large international players. Godiva, backed by
Nestle, had taken the business by storm with
glitzy packaging, high price points, and widespread distribution
among gift retailers. Godiva’s quality
was not as high as Charles, but it obtained about 15 per cent
higher price points for standard products on
the strength of its sleek and modern packaging, variations in
chocolate molding and coloring, advertising
and distribution. Godiva’s high-end products sold for 200 per
cent to 300 per cent of Charles prices.
Lindt, a large Swiss firm, sold mid-quality chocolate bars and
truffles broadly in mass merchandisers,
drug and grocery retailers, and their pricing was about 90 per
cent of Charles.
Strong regional players included Delice Chocolates and
Cardon’s. Delice, based in Providence, Rhode
Island, had 32 retail stores, mostly in tourist and downtown
locations in northeastern states, with four
stores in California. The company’s quality was high and it
excelled at frequent flavour introductions.
Delice’s copper boxes could be customized at the store. Pricing
was similar to Godiva. Cardon’s was a
120 year-old Boston firm with 50 locations nationally, nearly
all in malls. Cardon’s was most successful
14. in New England. It had tried to launch in Chicago, but had not
done well there. Cardon’s price point was
about 35 per cent lower than Charles, and it had moderate
product quality level. Cardon’s did a strong
business in corporate gifts and group purchases, offering 20 per
cent to 25 per cent discounts for high
volume orders.
Other premium chocolate companies included extremely high
end custom chocolatiers, Belgian producers
that sold through American retailers or online and niche
wholesalers of single varietal bean or organic
chocolates. Other companies commanded price premiums over
their quality level because of their
distribution and/or store concept. For example, Dolce Via,
which emphasized mall stores, and The Great
American Candy Company, which sold more candy than
chocolate and used a franchise model, had
higher price points than Cardon’s but lesser quality.
CHARLES CHOCOLATES COMPANY HISTORY
Founded in 1885, Charles Chocolates was New England’s oldest
chocolate company. For the last two
decades (during which time sales had grown by more than 900
per cent), the company had been owned by
a private group comprised principally of two financial
executives, an art dealer, and a former owner of a
bus company. These four plus a past president of Charles
comprised the board of directors. Charles’ head
office was located above its flagship store in Portland’s Old
Port area, a tourist area known for its
cobblestone streets, 19th century buildings, and active nightlife.
Charles produced high-quality, hand-wrapped chocolates
including its premier line, Portland Creams,
15. along with truffles, nuts and chews, almond bark, chocolate-
covered ginger, caramels, brittles, and orange
peel in various assortments, bars, nutcorn and premium ice
cream novelties. Charles chocolates were of
the highest quality, and the company had many loyal customers
around the world. In 2009, the company
won a prestigious Superior Taste Award from Belgium’s
Institute for Taste, which described the product
as “classy, refined and elegant,” and “top-of-the-range,” with
“rich chocolate aromas.”
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Page 3 9B13M094
PRODUCTION
Charles chocolates were made in a 24,000-square-foot factory
owned by Charles on the outskirts of
Portland. There were 75 retail and 35 production employees, all
non-unionized, and 20 employees in
management, administration and sales (see Exhibit 1).
Production took place from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. each
day. With so many different products, batch processing and
hand packing were used, and set-up times
were a significant component of costs. Employees learned
multiple job functions and enjoyed a variety of
16. work and tasks. There were no measures of productivity or
efficiency in the plant, and thus no way of
telling on a day to day basis if the plant was doing a good job.
Demand forecasting was difficult due to the seasonality of
sales, but product shelf life was long (up to a
year), and significant inventories were kept. Nevertheless,
there were significant problems with out-of-
stocks each week. The Christmas season was particularly
chaotic. The wholesale business required early
seasonal production, whereas the online and retail business
required late production. Production planning
was complicated by data distortions arising from out-of-stocks
and over stocks. When an item was
produced after being out of stock for a month, filling back
orders would unnaturally spike sales, yet these
spikes would be used for production planning the following
year. Similarly, when there was too much
stock, the retail stores would push or discount the items,
creating distortions in the sales data, which
would be used for production planning the following year.
Because out-of-stocks in the wholesale
channel created problems with customers, short supplies were
diverted from the company’s own stores
and delivered to wholesalers. Furthermore, when a special
order arrived in wholesale, it was not
uncommon for the plant to put production plans on hold to focus
on the special order.
The company’s heritage, commitment to quality and strong
family values were cherished by employees,
some of whom were third-generation Charles employees. New
ideas were often resisted by employees
over fears that the company was compromising its values and
heritage. Turnover was low, and wages
were competitive. Permanent employees were on a first-name
17. basis with all of the senior leaders,
including the president.
BUSINESS LINES
Charles earned revenues in four major areas: retailing chocolate
products through company-owned stores,
wholesaling, online/phone sales and sales from Sandwich
Heaven, a well-known eatery in Portland,
which Charles had purchased in 2009.
Retail. Charles’ 11 wholly owned retail stores produced 50 per
cent of sales. The stores’ theme was
heritage, and the flagship store had been designated a heritage
site. Sales staff offered chocolate samples
to customers, and the aromas and images in the store
contributed to an excellent retail experience. In
2005, Charles had won America’s Innovative Retailer of the
Year award in the small business category.
Most stores were in tourist locations, such as Bar Harbor, and
Boston’s Back Bay and Beacon Hill areas.
Most were leased, though the flagship store was owned. Stores
were about 500 square feet in size, with
the exception of the Bar Harbor and cruise ship terminal
locations, which were booths. Although other
retailers sold Charles Chocolates, they purchased the products
wholesale through direct sales from
Charles. Exhibit 2 shows the store locations and their
approximate annual sales. The two newest stores,
Back Bay and Beacon Hill in Boston, were showing steady sales
growth in their first two years of
operations, but significantly shy of expectations. The Portland
stores benefited from Charles iconic brand
image in Maine.
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Page 4 9B13M094
Wholesale. Approximately 30 per cent of sales came from
wholesale accounts in five categories: 1)
independent gift/souvenir shops, 2) large retail chains, 3) tourist
retailers, such as duty-free stores, airport
or train station stores and hotel gift shops, 4) corporate
accounts that purchased Charles products for gifts
for customers or employees and 5) specialty high-end food
retailers. Some large accounts, including
department stores, gift chains and coffee chains, had been
significant Charles customers, but had recently
changed their purchasing to focus either on their own products
or on less expensive lines. A salaried
national sales manager based in Boston oversaw eight sales
agents across the United States, and a salaried
rep located in Maine. Sales agents had exclusive rights to sell
Charles products within their territory but
also carried non-competing giftware lines. Many had been with
the company as long as the previous
president, who had established the wholesale division nearly
two decades earlier, but contractually, they
could be terminated with 90 days’ notice. Marketing Vice-
President Mary Bird said:
Some [reps] perform very well. They cite many challenges with
19. our brand — niche market, high
prices, inadequate shelf life, old fashioned (“not glitzy or
fashionable enough”) packaging, and an
unknown brand in many areas. Some reps have stronger lines
and just carry Charles as an add-on.
The salaried rep in Maine receives constant requests for our
products, as it is our “home turf” and
we do extensive advertising locally for our own stores. In
Portland, some accounts will say they
are honored to carry Charles. In other parts of the United States,
they have not heard of us and are
dismissive of the products and their price points as they do not
understand the brand and the value
of the product. If the remote reps are not well trained, they just
cannot present the brand
adequately and sell it.
Retailers typically marked items up by 100 per cent. Charles
earned about half the gross margins on
wholesale sales as it did on retail and online sales and the
company paid its sales agents approximately 10
per cent commission. There were 585 active wholesale
customers in 2011. Of these, 221 purchased less
than $1,000 per year, and another 125 purchased between
$1,000 and $2,000 per year. There had been
problems in the past with smaller accounts selling stock past its
expiration date. Some wholesale
accounts ordered custom products, such as logo bars for special
events. In the past, some regular
customers had ordered with too little lead time, so the plant
typically kept some logo bars in inventory for
customers in anticipation of their orders.
Online and Phone. Charles’ online business generated four per
cent of sales and its phone business
generated 6 per cent of sales. Sixty per cent of all orders were
20. from regular customers. Average sales were
$138 by phone and $91 from the website. The proportion of
people who shopped online in the United
States had grown considerably in the last decade, with about 59
per cent of respondents in a 2012 Neilsen
poll saying they prefer to shop online because of its
convenience.4 Charles’ online business had not gone
up with the trends. Orders received by phone, mail or online
were processed within three to four days,
then shipped via FedEx. Shipping was free for orders over $500.
Orders went to the United States (60 per
cent), Canada (35 per cent) and 50 countries internationally (5
per cent). They were delivered to the far
North, sometimes via dogsled, to lighthouses on both coasts and
to Antarctica. Online and phone orders
were given priority for inventory allocation, and stock would be
transferred back to the factory from the
retail stores if necessary.
Sandwich Heaven. Ten per cent of sales came from Sandwich
Heaven, which featured made-to-order
sandwiches, soups and salads, desserts (including Charles ice
cream) and wine and beer. At lunch in the
summer, the lineup regularly extended out the door. Since
Charles had purchased Sandwich Heaven, most
of the long term staff had turned over, and recruiting new
employees was difficult in Portland’s tight labor
4 http://www.medialifemagazine.com/nielsen-59-percent-prefer-
to-shop-online/, posted June 7, 2012.
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market. Sandwich Heaven had had to curtail its evening hours
due to staff recruiting problems. Although
Sandwich Heaven had a liquor license, the volume of alcohol
sold was very small.
MARKETING
Since Charles’ chocolates were fairly expensive, the company
targeted affluent customers for themselves
or for gifts. Cruise ship visitor and other tourists visited the
store then often became phone or online
customers. Locals were frequent and loyal purchasers. Local
businesses also saw Charles as their
corporate gift of choice. According to Bird:
Our most loyal clients have an emotional connection to Charles.
For example, they were in the
Portland store on a holiday, or it was a traditional gift in their
family. Many then give Charles as a
gift and some of those recipients then become loyal customers.
Other customers are affluent
people who want something unique. They see us as an obscure
but classic gift. But how do you
reach these people to promote to them? They are scattered
across the United States and of course
they are courted by every advertiser. We cannot make mistakes
or disappoint them in any way. If
we do, we apologize and replace the product immediately —
22. good old-fashioned service.
The Charles brand emphasized heritage, with traditional
packaging, including pink or brown gingham-
wrapped squares, packed in a burgundy box or tins. Some tins
featured old-fashioned scenes such as
English roses, cornucopias or floral arrangements, while others
featured American art. Chocolate bars
came in a variety of packaging.
The brand had a very loyal following. Parkland described the
brand perception:
When I first began investigating Charles, I asked everyone I
knew what they thought of the brand.
Most people had never heard of it. Others said “Oooooh,
Charles! That’s the best chocolate I’ve
ever had.” The retail experience is key in creating memories
that lead to repeat sales. Through
store décor, sampling, aromas, taste and service, I think Charles
delivers “chocolate orgasms” to
its customers.
The growth challenge would be to increase awareness without
diluting the brand. The premium price
scared some consumers and wholesalers. Discounting, or
making cheaper products to piggyback on the
brand, would risk brand integrity. The brand’s heritage image
was an issue. As Charles’ loyal customers
aged, would younger buyers appreciate the traditional image?
Bird cited brands such as Chanel and
Lancôme, which had developed classic images and refused to
compromise, and brands such as Jaguar,
Cadillac, BMW and Volvo, which had developed a younger,
sexier image while maintaining core design
elements to maintain brand integrity.
23. Charles advertised in tourist publications, seasonal print media
and radio spots. Charles also donated
product extensively to charitable events. Direct mail and solid
search engine rankings promoted the online
business. Charles’ website was kept basic to make it load easily.
It had an ordering facility, a reminder
service that emailed customers about their upcoming special
occasions and optimized search engine
placement. The website also had links to resellers, however, the
sales agents had not been good about
providing links for their top accounts, as they did not seem to
understand the value provided by such
links.
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FINANCIALS5
Charles was in a strong financial position. Although Charles
had gone through a period of significant
growth just after the current shareholders acquired the company,
growth had slowed considerably in the
past few years. In part, this decline had resulted from the
slowdown in tourism since the financial crisis.
24. In fact, chocolate sales had declined since 2008, though the
company’s revenues had grown slightly due
to the contributions of Sandwich Heaven. Margins remained
strong, however, at about 50 per cent of sales
on average. Financial statements are shown in Exhibits 3 to 6.
LEADERSHIP
Jim Bell had been president of Charles from 1989 until 2012.
When he announced his intention to retire
in 2010, the controlling shareholders (and board of directors)
considered selling Charles. It was a healthy
company with significant assets, great cash flow and good
margins. Yet the board felt that Charles had
significant potential to grow and sought a new leader (see
Exhibit 7). In the two years during the search,
managers knew that Bell was retiring, and decisions were put
off until a new leader could be found.
Steve Parkland was vice-president of operations for a meat
processing company, in charge of six plants
and approximately 2,300 employees, when he saw the ad.
Previously, Parkland had been president of a
seafood company and general manager of a meat processing
subsidiary. His career had involved stints in
marketing and sales in addition to operations, and he had an
MBA from Duke University. Parkland had an
empowering style and a strong commitment to values and
integrity. Charles appealed to Parkland because
he enjoyed the strategy aspect of general management, and
wanted to move to New England. He was
offered the job with the provision that he purchase a significant
number of shares in the company each
year for the first three years.
The senior management team included three others. Mary Bird,
25. vice-president of sales and marketing, a
Charles employee since 1999, managed the retail stores,
developed marketing plans and oversaw the
online and wholesale businesses, Sandwich Heaven, and the ice
cream business. She supervised the
wholesale sales manager, the retail operations manager, a
communications manager, and the order desk
staff. The product development person and purchasing and
sales planner reported indirectly to Bird,
though they worked more directly with Ray Wong. Bird worked
long hours at the office and often helped
at Sandwich Heaven when staff didn’t show, or drove product to
stores on the weekends when they were
short-shipped. Bird was a shareholder.
Ray Wong, vice-president of production, oversaw production at
the factory. Wong earned a bachelor of
food science in 1983, and later took courses in material
requirements planning, candy-making, ice-cream
making and management. He had worked in progressively
responsible operations positions in a variety of
food and beverage companies prior to joining Charles in 1995.
Wong did not own shares in the company.
Wong was especially interested in computer programming, and
he had developed all of Charles internal
production planning systems himself.
Sven Amundsen, vice-president of finance and chief financial
officer, had retired as chief financial officer
of a bus company in 1996, but joined Charles in 2002 at the
urging of his former partner, who was on
Charles’ board. Previously, Amundsen had worked in financial
management in manufacturing and retail
after articling as a chartered accountant with Price Waterhouse.
Amundsen’s expertise was in
26. 5 All financial figures in the case are disguised.
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reorganizations, acquisitions and dispositions. He maintained
Charles books by hand, as he had never
learned accounting or spreadsheet software programs.
Amundsen owned shares in the company.
Bird and Amundsen were a cohesive team, but conflict between
Bird and Wong had escalated to the
board level during the past two years, as Bird sought to reduce
out of stocks and launch new products,
while Wong sought to retain control of scheduling and
production. Furthermore, because the wholesale
division was favored by the past president, the wholesale
manager in Boston had regularly gone over
Bird’s head to have the president overturn her decisions.
GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
During the recruitment process, Parkland had been probing the
managers and board members to get their
perspectives on growth options. There was a dizzying array.
27. The idea of franchising Charles stores or Sandwich Heaven had
been discussed but not truly investigated.
The online business also appeared exciting, with its low costs of
sales, lack of intermediaries, and high
reorder rate. The corporate gift market also seemed promising.
Offering discounts of 25 per cent to
corporate purchasers enabled Charles to still earn stronger
margins than wholesale, without the costs of
retail. One board member said Charles approach to cruise ship
traffic needed to be reconsidered as many
of the passengers were bypassing Charles’ location to visit
attractions in other parts of town that were
promoting themselves aggressively on the ships.
There were many other possibilities. Should Charles open more
stores in Boston? Or should Charles
extend its product line to take advantage of its strong brand
awareness in Maine? Although ice cream had
not been the runaway success the company had hoped, its sales
were still building. Another option might
be for Charles to concentrate its efforts outside of Maine. If
tourists had stopped coming to Portland,
should Charles go to them? Should Charles increase its
wholesale or retail penetration outside of New
England? Would the current sales agency structure be
appropriate for increased wholesale penetration?
Should Charles consider an acquisition of another niche
chocolate company or a joint venture with
another firm to increase its geographical reach? Were there
opportunities to pair Charles chocolates with
other high end brands for mutual benefit?
Charles traditional brand image was also a concern: while it
was treasured by loyal customers and
employees alike, it didn’t seem to play well outside of Portland.
The packaging had been described as
28. homey or dowdy by some, yet others were adamant that it
should not be changed. Parkland had spoken to
a brand image consultant that had won numerous awards in the
wine industry. The consultant had
suggested that the only dangerous thing in today’s market was
to play it safe – consumers loved edgy
brands. Should Charles throw off tradition and try to reinvent
itself?
Of course, if sales were to be increased, Charles would need
more internal capacity to produce products
and fill orders. Should more capacity be added in Portland, with
its expensive real estate and significant
shipping costs to reach large markets, or should it be placed
somewhere with lower costs and easier
access to markets?
As Parkland pondered all these options, he also knew that he
had to take into consideration the culture of
the organization and the desires of the board of directors and
owners. Would the current managers and
employees be willing and able to grow the organization? Would
the board endorse a growth strategy that
would increase the risk profile of the company? And with all
these options, what should Parkland do
first?
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EXHIBIT 2: RETAIL STORES SALES IN FISCAL 2007
(ROUNDED TO NEAREST THOUSAND)
Store Date Acquired Approximate Annual Sales Contribution
Margin
Portland Old Port 1885 $2,775,000 45.3%
Sandwich Heaven 2009 $1,598,000 8.9%*
Factory Store 1990 $726,000 36.7%
Boston Beacon Hill Dec. 2010 $686,000 (11.5%)
40. Portsmouth 2000 $639,000 8.2%
Portland Arts District 1988 $517,000 22.86%
Portland Fore Street 2008 $401,000 29.1%
Boston Back Bay April 2011 $138,000 (22.3%)
Portland Cruise Ship Terminal 2005 $60,000 (Mostly ice cream)
15.5%
Bar Harbor downtown 2011 $42,000 (All ice cream; summer
only) 18.2%
Bar Harbor Cruise Ship
Terminal
2010 $35,000 (All ice cream; summer only) 21.1%
*Reflects full costs of expenses to refurbish the store.
Source: Company files.
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41. EXHIBIT 3: CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS
AND RETAINED EARNINGS
Year Ended March 31 2011 2010
Sales $11,850,480 $11,991,558
Cost of sales
Amortization of property and equipment 135,385 108,759
Direct labour 1,545,794 1,677,247
Direct materials 1,770,603 2,745,995
Overhead 1,933,306 846,186
5,385,088 5,378,187
Gross profit 6,465,392 6,613,371
Interest income 664 1,610
6,466,056 6,614,981
Expenses
Interest on long term debt 91,465 86,943
Selling and administrative 5,221,520 5,007,145
5,312,985 5,094,088
Earnings before income taxes 1,153,071 1,520,893
Income taxes 261,989 451,567
Net earnings $891,082 $1,069,326
Retained earnings, beginning of year $4,748,611 4,381,155
Net earnings 891,081 1,069,326
42. Dividends - (701,870)
Retained earnings, end of year $ 5,639,692 $4,748,611
Source: Company files.
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EXHIBIT 4: SCHEDULE OF SELLING AND
ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
Year ended March 31 2011 2010
Selling Advertising & Promotion $489,345 $536,886
Bad debts 23,000 12,796
Credit card charges 125,198 125,544
Mail order 118,606 133,081
Office & Telephone 29,975 27,274
Postage and freight 483,003 476,724
Stores: Factory Store 112,885 122,897
Sandwich Heaven 572,495 323,995
Portland Fore Street 75,854 84,047
Cruise Ship Terminals 42,709 38,592
Dept. Store Boston (closed in 2006) 3,938 4,058
43. Dept. Store Portland (closed in 2006) 4,236 2,759
Bar Harbour downtown -- 24,179
Portland Arts District 87,103 119,058
Portsmouth 168,157 182,939
Royalties 29,862 31,099
Salaries & benefits 812,269 715,325
Travel 68,364 46,830
Total 3,246,999 3,013,658
Less: postage and freight recoveries 343,116 369,823
2,903,883 2,638,260
Admin Amortization 196,970 135,267
Automotive 28,658 24,404
Bank charges and interest 22,533 20,882
Consulting 102,241 107,379
Foreign exchange -6,272
Insurance 80,704 78,777
Management fees 191,226 183,627
Office supplies and postage 134,159 118,582
Professional fees 42,872 67,952
Rent, property taxes and utilities 61,211 56,815
Repairs and maintenance 18,378 21,105
Stores: Sandwich Heaven 326,901 179,834
Portland Fore Street 26,559 28,159
Cruise Ship Terminals 22,038 26,927
Dept. Store Boston 10,082 18,251
Dept. Store Portland 32,123 37,939
Bar Harbor Downtown 14,647
Portland Arts District 49,849 45,002
Portsmouth 112,450 105,720
Salaries and benefits 810,049 1,030,336
Telecommunications 27,824 32,588
44. Travel and promotion 27,082 34,692
Total Admin Expenses $2,317,637 $2,368,885
TOTAL S, G & A Expenses $5,221,520 $5,007,145
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EXHIBIT 5: CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
March 31 2011 2010
Assets
Current
Cash $ 112,185 $ 750,948
Receivables 358,969 461,874
Inventories
Packaging materials 620,452 576,287
Raw materials 169,235 179,119
Work in progress 89,146 66,467
Manufactured finished goods 643,105 692,517
Finished goods for resale 21,878 36,241
1,543,816 1,550,631
45. Investments 103,136 76,822
Income taxes receivable 127,515 –
Prepaids 84,620 56,566
2,330,241 2,896,842
Property and equipment (see Note 1) 4,364,527 3,922,183
Intangible assets
Goodwill 916,999 916,999
Trademarks 783,596 783,596
Total Intangible Assets 1,700,595 1,700,595
TOTAL ASSETS $ 8,395,363 $ 8,519,620
Liabilities
Current
Bank indebtedness $ 186,929 $ 599,146
Payables and accruals 1,098,232 1,226,570
Income taxes payable - 127,845
Current portion of long term debt 419,971 373,405
1,705,132 2,326,966
Long term debt 1,017,679 1,411,184
TOTAL LIABILITIES 2,722,811 3,738,150
Shareholders’ Equity
Capital stock 32,860 32,860
Retained earnings 5,639,691 4,748,611
TOTAL EQUITY 5,672,551 4,781,471
TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY $ 8,395,362 $ 8,519,62
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FLOWS
Year Ended March 31 2011 2010
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Operating
Net earnings $ 891,081 $ 1,069,326
Amortization 332,355 244,026
1,223,436 1,313,352
Change in non-cash oper. working capital (328,344) 350,045
895,092 1,663,397
Financing
(Repayments of) advances from LT debt (349,168) 661,806
Dividends paid - (701,870)
(349,168) (40,064)
Investing
Purchase of assets of Sandwich Heaven - (1,198,500)
Purchase of property and equipment (772,470) (419,307)
(772,470) (1,617,807)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (226,546)
5,526
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 151,802 146,276
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 74,744 $ 151,802
Comprised of:
60. Cash $ 112,185 $ 750,948
Bank indebtedness (186,929) (599,146)
$ 74,744 $ 151,802
Source: Company files.
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EXHIBIT 7: JOB AD
A unique company........ a unique location........... a unique
opportunity.
Our client, one of New England’s oldest and respected
confectionery companies, is seeking a
PRESIDENT to oversee the entire business on a day-to-day
basis, and provide the vision and
guidance for long-term success and profitable growth.
Reporting to the Board of Directors, the President will:
� Deliver superior results and guide the organization to
improve.
� Develop formal planning systems and ongoing personnel
61. development.
� Oversee the development of business and marketing strategies
to maintain market
leadership.
� Provide the necessary leadership to motivate and transform
the organization to meet
growth expectations.
� Leads, protects and reinforces the positive corporate culture,
and is the overseer of the
ethics and values in the organization.
An executive level compensation plan commensurate with the
importance of this role is offered.
An opportunity that blends an executive level position with the
lifestyle only Portland can
offer.
CANDIDATE PROFILE:
Given the high levels of autonomy and accountability, the
President must display considerable
maturity and business experience.
From a personal perspective, the ideal candidate will be:
� A strong non-authoritative team builder.
� A highly motivated and results oriented self-starter.
� Extremely, customer, quality and safety oriented.
� People oriented with the innate ability to establish a high
degree of credibility.
� Capable of providing objective insight in a non-
confrontational manner.
62. The successful candidate will likely be or have been in one of
the following positions in a
manufacturing environment:
� President or General Manager
� At a VP level in operations/finance/marketing looking to rise
to the next level
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"Change Readiness"
· Review the case study entitled “Charles Chocolates”. Next,
evaluate the organization and its industry in terms external and
internal pressures. Create a proposal about how the company
can overcome internal and external pressure.