This document discusses water fluoridation in Saskatoon and provides supporting evidence for continuing the practice. It notes that fluoridation has been shown to reduce tooth decay by 18-40% and benefits both children and adults regardless of socioeconomic status. Data from Saskatchewan shows lower rates of cavities and higher rates of cavity-free children in fluoridated communities compared to non-fluoridated communities. The document addresses common challenges to fluoridation but argues that the levels recommended are safe and that it is an effective public health measure.
Community Water Fluoridation: What's the Evidence?Health Evidence™
A webinar hosted by the Health Evidence team, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (KTB-112487), interpreting the evidence in the topic area of community water fluoridation.
Community Water Fluoridation: What's the Evidence?Health Evidence™
A webinar hosted by the Health Evidence team, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (KTB-112487), interpreting the evidence in the topic area of community water fluoridation.
Diet and dental caries - Diet charts and Diet counsellingKarishma Sirimulla
This seminar includes a brief introduction to Diet and Dental caries along with Role of carbohydrates,Proteins and Fats with Dental caries along with diet charts, diet modifications, Diet counselling,Food log and sugar substitutes
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
History
• Water fluoridation has a sixty year history, and is supported
by evidence in hundreds of research papers
• The Canadian Public Health Agency states that
fluoridation is 1of 12 Public Health Milestones in the past
one hundred years
• In the United States, it is one of the top ten greatest public
health achievements of the 20th century
• Saskatoon began fluoridation in 1955
• Moose Jaw was the first Saskatchewan city to fluoridate, in
1952
3. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
% Canada
Fluoridation inpopulation with 2007
fluoridated water,
British Columbia
3.7%
Alberta*
74.7%
Saskatchewan
36.8%
Manitoba
69.9%
Ontario
75.9%
Quebec
6.4%
New Brunswick
25.9%
Nova Scotia
56.8%
Prince Edward Island
23.7%
Newfoundland
1.5%
Nunavut
0.0%
Northwest Territories
56.4%
Yukon
0.0%
Canada
45.1%
•Based on FPT Environment Ministries, verified by Dental Directors.
*Will be smaller now, after Calgary City Council decision.
5. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Does it work?
Yes.
• Reduces tooth decay by 18-40%
• Benefits children and adults.
• Accessible to everyone, regardless of
socio-economic status, education, or
employment
• Individuals do not have to change their
behavior to benefit
6. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Support for Fluoridation?
Saskatchewan
•College of Dental Surgeons of Saskatchewan
•College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan
•Saskatchewan Dental Assistants Association
•Saskatchewan Dental Hygienists Association
•Saskatchewan Dental Therapists Association
•Saskatchewan Public Health Association
•Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Association
7. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Support for Fluoridation?
Canada
•Canadian Association of Public Health Dentistry
•Canadian Dental Association
•Canadian Dental Hygienists Association
•Canadian Pediatric Association
•Canadian Public Health Association
•Health Canada
•Public Health Agency of Canada
8. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Support for Fluoridation?
International
•American Dental Association
•American Medical Association
•Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
•National Cancer Institute
•Pan-American Health Organization
•United States Public Health Service
•United States Surgeon General
•World Health Organization
•Plus over 100 other national and international organizations
9. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Is drinking water fluoridation still needed today?
• There are other sources of fluoride now:
toothpaste, mouthwash, and professional
fluoride treatments.
• Fluoridation is still effective today in reducing
tooth decay.
• Vulnerable populations of all ages benefit from
fluoridation. These populations often do not
have access to dental care.
10. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Trends in Fluoridation in Canada and the United States
(since 2008)
• Ontario: Municipal councils have voted to continue
fluoridation in Toronto, Hamilton, London, Atikokan,
Tottenham, Halton, and Norfolk. Fluoridation was
discontinued in Dryden, Niagara, and Waterloo.
• Alberta: Calgary has decided to discontinue it.
Lethbridge has reaffirmed it.
• Quebec: Dorval has reinstated fluoridation; Quebec
City has discontinued.
• United States: 70% of population has access to
fluoridated water. This percentage will increase with
the addition of San Diego (Feb 2011), and the state
of Arkansas (March 2011 – by legislation).
11. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Safety
• 0.7 mg/L of fluoride recommended by Health Canada is
safe
• Mild or very mild dental fluorosis is the only established
risk associated with the levels of fluoride in fluoridated
drinking water systems if ingested during tooth
development (age 0 – 8)
• Health Canada’s weight of evidence from all currently
available studies does not support a link with any
adverse health effects (cancer, immune system,
reproductive, developmental, brain, nervous system or
intelligence quotient).
12. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Fluoridation and Saskatchewan
•
Saskatchewan Dental Health Screening Program 2008-09 Report
indicates:
Comparison of Dental Indices for Fluoridated Communities and
Non-fluoridated Communities in Saskatchewan
Fluoridated
Saskatchewan
Communities
Average
deft/DMFT
Cavities Present
Cavity-free
Non-fluoridated
Saskatchewan
Communities
1.61
2.48
13.5%
24.5%
58%
44%
*Average deft/DMFT: index used to measure the caries experience of a population. It is the count of the
number of decayed, extracted, missing (due to caries), and filled primary and permanent teeth of a
group of individuals.
13. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Fluoridation and Saskatchewan
• Saskatchewan Dental Health Screening Program 2008-09
Report indicates:
Comparison of Dental Indices for Saskatoon (fluoridated) and Regina
(non-fluoridated)
Saskatoon
Fluoridated
Regina
Non-Fluoridated
Average deft/DMFT
1.57
2.34
Cavities Present
12%
25%
Cavity-free
59%
50%
14. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Fluoridation and Saskatchewan
• Saskatoon Health Region is the only Health
Region in Saskatchewan that meets all six
Canadian Oral Health Strategy Goals for
2010 for children age 6 and 12.
15. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Saskatoon
Health
Region
Saskatchewan
At age 6, 50% of children are cavity-free
51%
41.5%
At age 6, no more than 20% of children
have unmet dental needs
19%
27%
At age 12, 75% of children have no
decay in their permanent teeth
75%
66%
At age 12, no more than 10% of children
have unmet dental needs
6.5%
11%
At age 12, average DMFT is 1.0 or less
0.60
0.85
At age 12, a Significant Caries Index
(SiC) of 3.0 or less
1.81
3.00
Canadian Oral Health Strategy Goal:
16.
17. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Common Challenges
• Fluoride is toxic:
Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral
considered essential for good health.*
In amounts recommended by Health Canada,
it is safe and effective.
Toxic at high levels.
Many substances are toxic if more than the
recommended amount is taken, such as
Vitamins A and D.
*Nutrients in Drinking Water: Water Sanitation, Health Protection, and
the Human Environment. World Health Organization. Geneva, 2005.
18. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Common Challenges
• Fluoride added to drinking water is an infringement on
personal rights:
Most water contains some fluoride.
Adjusting the fluoride level of drinking water to bring it to
a level that will reduce tooth decay is a public health
measure based on “public good” versus “individual
right”.
Benefit outweighs the risk (mild or very mild fluorosis).
Other examples where additions are made for the
public good are the addition of B vitamins to flour, and
iodine to salt.
19. Fluoridation in Saskatoon
Can Fluoride be Removed from Water?
• Yes. The two methods that remove fluoride are:
- Reverse osmosis
- Distillation
• There are other sources of drinking water
(bottled water) for those with the strongest
opinions.
20. Summary
• Our recommendation is to continue to
fluoridate the City’s drinking water.
• It is a safe, effective and cheap method of
preventing caries in children and adults that
gets to those who need it most.
