Flower presentation 4th grade
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The main parts of a flower include the stamen, which are the male parts consisting of an anther that produces pollen and a filament that supports the anther, and the pistil, which are the female parts including the stigma that receives pollen, the style connecting to the ovary where seeds form from ovules. Other flower parts are petals that attract pollinators and sepals that protect new flowers.
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This document discusses plant reproduction through flowering plants and non-flowering plants. It describes that flowering plants reproduce through seeds which form after pollination and fertilization of flowers. The male parts of flowers produce pollen which fertilizes the female parts, leading to seed and fruit formation. Seeds later germinate into seedlings and grow into adult plants. Non-flowering plants reproduce through spores, underground stems, suckers or leaf buds. The full life cycle from seed to adult plant is depicted in a diagram.
Parts of flower
The main parts of a flower include the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil. The sepals support and protect the unopened bud, the petals attract pollinators, the stamens are the male parts that produce pollen, and the pistil is the female part consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary containing the ovules that develop into fruit.
Pollination
Flowers have male and female parts. The male part, called the stamen, produces pollen in structures called anthers. The female part, called the carpel, is made up of a sticky stigma that catches pollen and ovaries where eggs are produced. Pollination occurs when pollen grains are transferred between flowers, such as by insects carrying pollen that brushes off on one flower and sticks to the stigma of another, allowing the pollen tube to grow and fertilize an egg in the ovary.
Rep in plants 2
The document describes the structure and function of flower parts, including that flowers produce male and female gametes. Sepals protect the developing flower, petals attract insects for cross-pollination, the nectary produces nectar, the carpel contains ovules for female gamete production, and the stamen contains pollen grains with male gametes. Pollination is the transfer of pollen and can occur through insect-pollination, where insects carry pollen between flowers, or wind-pollination. Fertilization happens when pollen nuclei fuse with ovule nuclei.
POLLINATION
Flowers have male and female parts that work together through pollination to produce seeds. The male part, called the stamen, produces pollen in structures called anthers. The female parts, called carpels, are made up of stigmas that catch pollen, styles, and ovaries where eggs are stored. Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred, usually by insects or wind, from the anther to the stigma, allowing the pollen tube to grow down to the ovaries and fertilize eggs, forming seeds.
Plant reproduction
Flowers produce pollen grains containing male gametes in their anthers. They attract animals to transport pollen between flowers through traits like bright petals and nectar. During pollination, pollen lands on the pistil's stigma and travels to the ovaries where fertilization may occur, forming seeds in fruits that help plants disperse to new locations through various means like wind, water, animals, or being eaten.
Parts of a flower notes
This document describes the main parts of a flower, including the petals that attract insects, the pistil made up of the stigma, style and ovary that receives and protects pollen and ovules, the stamens that produce and release pollen, and the sepals that protect the developing flower bud. It provides details on the functions of each part in plant reproduction and fertilization.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
This document provides information about sexual reproduction in flowering plants. It discusses the structure and development of flowers, including the parts of a flower and the ABC model of flower development. It then describes microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, the development of pollen and male gametophytes. Megasporeogenesis is also summarized, including the structure of the pistil, ovule, and female gametophyte development. Key terms like anther, filament, tapetum, tetrad, and integuments are defined in the context of plant sexual reproduction.
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Plant reproduction with qn
This document discusses plant reproduction through flowering plants and non-flowering plants. It describes that flowering plants reproduce through seeds which form after pollination and fertilization of flowers. The male parts of flowers produce pollen which fertilizes the female parts, leading to seed and fruit formation. Seeds later germinate into seedlings and grow into adult plants. Non-flowering plants reproduce through spores, underground stems, suckers or leaf buds. The full life cycle from seed to adult plant is depicted in a diagram.
Parts of flower
The main parts of a flower include the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil. The sepals support and protect the unopened bud, the petals attract pollinators, the stamens are the male parts that produce pollen, and the pistil is the female part consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary containing the ovules that develop into fruit.
Pollination
Flowers have male and female parts. The male part, called the stamen, produces pollen in structures called anthers. The female part, called the carpel, is made up of a sticky stigma that catches pollen and ovaries where eggs are produced. Pollination occurs when pollen grains are transferred between flowers, such as by insects carrying pollen that brushes off on one flower and sticks to the stigma of another, allowing the pollen tube to grow and fertilize an egg in the ovary.
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The document describes the structure and function of flower parts, including that flowers produce male and female gametes. Sepals protect the developing flower, petals attract insects for cross-pollination, the nectary produces nectar, the carpel contains ovules for female gamete production, and the stamen contains pollen grains with male gametes. Pollination is the transfer of pollen and can occur through insect-pollination, where insects carry pollen between flowers, or wind-pollination. Fertilization happens when pollen nuclei fuse with ovule nuclei.
POLLINATION
Flowers have male and female parts that work together through pollination to produce seeds. The male part, called the stamen, produces pollen in structures called anthers. The female parts, called carpels, are made up of stigmas that catch pollen, styles, and ovaries where eggs are stored. Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred, usually by insects or wind, from the anther to the stigma, allowing the pollen tube to grow down to the ovaries and fertilize eggs, forming seeds.
Plant reproduction
Flowers produce pollen grains containing male gametes in their anthers. They attract animals to transport pollen between flowers through traits like bright petals and nectar. During pollination, pollen lands on the pistil's stigma and travels to the ovaries where fertilization may occur, forming seeds in fruits that help plants disperse to new locations through various means like wind, water, animals, or being eaten.
Parts of a flower notes
This document describes the main parts of a flower, including the petals that attract insects, the pistil made up of the stigma, style and ovary that receives and protects pollen and ovules, the stamens that produce and release pollen, and the sepals that protect the developing flower bud. It provides details on the functions of each part in plant reproduction and fertilization.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
This document provides information about sexual reproduction in flowering plants. It discusses the structure and development of flowers, including the parts of a flower and the ABC model of flower development. It then describes microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, the development of pollen and male gametophytes. Megasporeogenesis is also summarized, including the structure of the pistil, ovule, and female gametophyte development. Key terms like anther, filament, tapetum, tetrad, and integuments are defined in the context of plant sexual reproduction.
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Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers. Pollen is produced in the male anthers and is transferred to the female stigma by wind or animals in a process called pollination. If the pollen grain lands on a receptive stigma, a pollen tube will grow and transfer sperm to fertilize the egg in the ovary, forming a seed containing an embryo. The ovary and seed will develop and ripen into a fruit, allowing the cycle to continue.
Plant reproduction seed plants
Seed plants reproduce sexually through fertilization of male and female sex cells. There are two main types of seed plants: gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms, such as pine trees, have cones as their reproductive structures and rely on wind to carry pollen from male to female cones for fertilization, which can take up to 15 months. After fertilization, an embryo develops into a seed within the female cone. When mature, the female cones open and release seeds which may grow into new trees. Angiosperms, including most flowering plants, produce colorful flowers to attract animals to assist with pollination and fertilization, allowing for more rapid reproduction than gymnosperms.
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This document summarizes the processes of plant reproduction, including pollination and fertilization. It discusses:
- How pollen is transferred from the stamen to the carpel during pollination.
- The pollen tube grows and transfers the male gamete to the ovule contained in the ovary. Fertilization occurs when the male and female gametes fuse.
- After fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo inside the seed. The ovary develops into fruit, protecting the seed until conditions allow for germination.
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Este trabajo fue realizado por la alumna Paulita de Carabasa de segundo año de Polimodal, a partir de los contenidos de Biology.
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1. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process involving stamens, which produce pollen grains containing male gametes, and pistils, which contain female gametes within ovules.
2. Pollen grains contain two cells - a vegetative cell and a generative cell that will form sperm. Pollen lands on the stigma of a pistil and a pollen tube grows to deliver the sperm to the egg cell.
3. Fertilization occurs when one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, while the other fuses with the central cells to form endosperm tissue to nourish the developing seed.
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This document summarizes the process of reproduction in flowering plants. It describes the main parts of a flower including the petals, sepals, stamen and carpel. It then explains the structures of insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers and how they differ in attracting pollinators. The process of pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal are outlined, from the transfer of pollen grains to the growth of seeds away from the parent plant. Key terms such as self-pollination and cross-pollination are also defined.
Reproduction In Flowering Plants
The document summarizes the sexual reproductive structures and processes in flowering plants. It describes the pistil and stamen as the female and male reproductive organs containing ovules/eggs and pollen, respectively. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma, which can be done by wind, insects, or animals. Fertilization occurs when a pollen grain grows a tube to deliver sperm to an ovule, fusing with the egg to form a zygote that develops into a seed containing an embryo plant. Self and cross pollination are discussed, with cross pollination creating more genetic variation.
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This document discusses sexual reproduction in flowering plants. It defines pollination as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma, and fertilization as the fusion of male and female sex cells. The document outlines the process of pollination, where pollen is transferred to the stigma by pollinators like bees and birds, and fertilization, where pollen tubes grow into the style and ovary for the male and female sex cells to fuse. The goal is for students to understand these processes and how defects could impact sexual reproduction in flowering plants.
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1) Flowers are reproductive organs composed of specialized leaves called sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Stamens contain pollen and anthers, while carpels contain ovaries with ovules that produce eggs.
2) Angiosperms undergo a life cycle with alternating sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Pollen grains and embryo sacs develop from meiosis and contain sperm and eggs.
3) Fertilization involves a pollen tube transferring two sperm for double fertilization - one fuses with the egg to form the embryo, while the other fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm in the seed.
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1. The document discusses the process of pollination and seed formation in plants, including the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma, and the fertilization that occurs when the sperm nucleus unites with the egg cell.
2. It describes how pollen is carried by wind, insects, birds or bats to pollinate other plants, and the role of nectar in attracting pollinators.
3. After fertilization, the document outlines the development of the seed, including the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat, and how seeds are dispersed either mechanically or through agents like animals, wind, or helicopters.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
The document discusses the male and female reproductive structures in plants. It describes the anatomy and development of anthers, pollen grains, pistils, ovules, and the process of fertilization. Key points include:
- Anthers contain microsporangia that undergo meiosis to form pollen grains containing vegetative and generative cells.
- Pistils contain ovules with nucelli containing embryo sacs developed from megaspores, which undergo double fertilization upon pollen tube growth.
- Double fertilization involves the fusion of one sperm with the egg to form the zygote, and the other with the polar nuclei to form endosperm, leading to seed and fruit development.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process involving flowers, pollen, and double fertilization. Flowers contain reproductive organs including stamens which produce pollen inside anthers. Pollen grains contain male gametes that develop inside pistils after pollination. Double fertilization involves one male gamete fusing with the egg cell to form the embryo, and the other with polar nuclei to form endosperm tissue. The fertilized ovule develops into a seed containing the embryo and food reserves. Fruits form from the ripened ovary and contain seeds, completing the plant life cycle.
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The document discusses the reproductive parts of plants and pollination. It describes the structure of dicot and monocot flowers, including the male and female parts. It explains different types of pollination like wind, insect, bird and discusses compatible pollen. The fertilization process is outlined as pollen growing a tube to the ovary where sperm nuclei fuse with ovules to produce seeds.
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Are we not lucky that plants reproduce sexually? The myriads of flowers that we enjoy gazing at, the scents and the perfumes that we swoon over, the rich colours that attract us, are all there as an aid to sexual reproduction. Flowers do not exist only for us to be used for our own selfishness. All flowering plants show sexual reproduction.
in this slide the chapter explanation is according to NCERT Syllabus which would be helping students in every field..
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Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers that contain male stamen and female pistils. Pollen grains are produced via microsporogenesis in the anther of stamens and contain two cells. Ovules in the pistil undergo megasporogenesis to form the embryo sac which contains seven cells. Pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the pistil. This leads to double fertilization where one sperm cell fuses with the egg to form the embryo and another with polar nuclei to form endosperm to nourish the embryo as it develops into a seed. The ovary wall develops into a fruit containing seeds.
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This document defines and describes the key structures involved in plant reproduction, including cones, flowers, and their parts. It explains that gymnosperms reproduce using cones that produce male pollen grains and female ovules. Angiosperms reproduce using flowers, which are composed of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Following pollination and double fertilization within the flower, seeds develop inside the carpel and are nourished by endosperm.
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Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers. The male parts (androecium) contain stamens that produce pollen inside anthers. The female parts (gynoecium) contain pistils with ovules inside ovaries. Pollination transfers pollen grains to the stigma, and the pollen tube delivers sperm for double fertilization - one sperm fuses with the egg to form the embryo, while the other fuses with the central cells to form the endosperm. Various mechanisms ensure cross-pollination for genetic diversity.
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Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers. Pollen is produced in the male anthers and is transferred to the female stigma by wind or animals in a process called pollination. If the pollen grain lands on a receptive stigma, a pollen tube will grow and transfer sperm to fertilize the egg in the ovary, forming a seed containing an embryo. The ovary and seed will develop and ripen into a fruit, allowing the cycle to continue.
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Seed plants reproduce sexually through fertilization of male and female sex cells. There are two main types of seed plants: gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms, such as pine trees, have cones as their reproductive structures and rely on wind to carry pollen from male to female cones for fertilization, which can take up to 15 months. After fertilization, an embryo develops into a seed within the female cone. When mature, the female cones open and release seeds which may grow into new trees. Angiosperms, including most flowering plants, produce colorful flowers to attract animals to assist with pollination and fertilization, allowing for more rapid reproduction than gymnosperms.
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This document summarizes the processes of plant reproduction, including pollination and fertilization. It discusses:
- How pollen is transferred from the stamen to the carpel during pollination.
- The pollen tube grows and transfers the male gamete to the ovule contained in the ovary. Fertilization occurs when the male and female gametes fuse.
- After fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo inside the seed. The ovary develops into fruit, protecting the seed until conditions allow for germination.
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Gracias!!! Paula. Excelente trabajo...
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1. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process involving stamens, which produce pollen grains containing male gametes, and pistils, which contain female gametes within ovules.
2. Pollen grains contain two cells - a vegetative cell and a generative cell that will form sperm. Pollen lands on the stigma of a pistil and a pollen tube grows to deliver the sperm to the egg cell.
3. Fertilization occurs when one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, while the other fuses with the central cells to form endosperm tissue to nourish the developing seed.
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This document summarizes the process of reproduction in flowering plants. It describes the main parts of a flower including the petals, sepals, stamen and carpel. It then explains the structures of insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers and how they differ in attracting pollinators. The process of pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal are outlined, from the transfer of pollen grains to the growth of seeds away from the parent plant. Key terms such as self-pollination and cross-pollination are also defined.
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The document summarizes the sexual reproductive structures and processes in flowering plants. It describes the pistil and stamen as the female and male reproductive organs containing ovules/eggs and pollen, respectively. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma, which can be done by wind, insects, or animals. Fertilization occurs when a pollen grain grows a tube to deliver sperm to an ovule, fusing with the egg to form a zygote that develops into a seed containing an embryo plant. Self and cross pollination are discussed, with cross pollination creating more genetic variation.
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This document discusses sexual reproduction in flowering plants. It defines pollination as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma, and fertilization as the fusion of male and female sex cells. The document outlines the process of pollination, where pollen is transferred to the stigma by pollinators like bees and birds, and fertilization, where pollen tubes grow into the style and ovary for the male and female sex cells to fuse. The goal is for students to understand these processes and how defects could impact sexual reproduction in flowering plants.
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1) Flowers are reproductive organs composed of specialized leaves called sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Stamens contain pollen and anthers, while carpels contain ovaries with ovules that produce eggs.
2) Angiosperms undergo a life cycle with alternating sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Pollen grains and embryo sacs develop from meiosis and contain sperm and eggs.
3) Fertilization involves a pollen tube transferring two sperm for double fertilization - one fuses with the egg to form the embryo, while the other fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm in the seed.
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1. The document discusses the process of pollination and seed formation in plants, including the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma, and the fertilization that occurs when the sperm nucleus unites with the egg cell.
2. It describes how pollen is carried by wind, insects, birds or bats to pollinate other plants, and the role of nectar in attracting pollinators.
3. After fertilization, the document outlines the development of the seed, including the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat, and how seeds are dispersed either mechanically or through agents like animals, wind, or helicopters.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
The document discusses the male and female reproductive structures in plants. It describes the anatomy and development of anthers, pollen grains, pistils, ovules, and the process of fertilization. Key points include:
- Anthers contain microsporangia that undergo meiosis to form pollen grains containing vegetative and generative cells.
- Pistils contain ovules with nucelli containing embryo sacs developed from megaspores, which undergo double fertilization upon pollen tube growth.
- Double fertilization involves the fusion of one sperm with the egg to form the zygote, and the other with the polar nuclei to form endosperm, leading to seed and fruit development.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process involving flowers, pollen, and double fertilization. Flowers contain reproductive organs including stamens which produce pollen inside anthers. Pollen grains contain male gametes that develop inside pistils after pollination. Double fertilization involves one male gamete fusing with the egg cell to form the embryo, and the other with polar nuclei to form endosperm tissue. The fertilized ovule develops into a seed containing the embryo and food reserves. Fruits form from the ripened ovary and contain seeds, completing the plant life cycle.
Flower structure, pollination, fertilization
The document discusses the reproductive parts of plants and pollination. It describes the structure of dicot and monocot flowers, including the male and female parts. It explains different types of pollination like wind, insect, bird and discusses compatible pollen. The fertilization process is outlined as pollen growing a tube to the ovary where sperm nuclei fuse with ovules to produce seeds.
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Are we not lucky that plants reproduce sexually? The myriads of flowers that we enjoy gazing at, the scents and the perfumes that we swoon over, the rich colours that attract us, are all there as an aid to sexual reproduction. Flowers do not exist only for us to be used for our own selfishness. All flowering plants show sexual reproduction.
in this slide the chapter explanation is according to NCERT Syllabus which would be helping students in every field..
Flowers: Parts and Functions
The document discusses flowers, their structures and functions. It defines flowers as compressed shoots bearing floral leaves that are the reproductive structures of plants. The main external parts of a flower are described as sepals, petals, stamens and pistils. Variations in flower structures and types of inflorescences are covered. The development of pollen grains and ovules is summarized, as are the processes of pollination, fertilization and fruit/seed formation.
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Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers that contain male stamen and female pistils. Pollen grains are produced via microsporogenesis in the anther of stamens and contain two cells. Ovules in the pistil undergo megasporogenesis to form the embryo sac which contains seven cells. Pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the pistil. This leads to double fertilization where one sperm cell fuses with the egg to form the embryo and another with polar nuclei to form endosperm to nourish the embryo as it develops into a seed. The ovary wall develops into a fruit containing seeds.
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Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers. Flowers contain male stamen that produce pollen and female pistils. Fertilization occurs when pollen is transferred, or pollinated, to the stigma of the pistil. Pollination can be self-pollination within a flower or cross-pollination between flowers. After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit containing seeds. Seeds are dispersed by various methods and may germinate to form a seedling with root, shoot, and leaves developing from the radicle, hypocotyl, and epicotyl respectively.Biology 24.1
This document defines and describes the key structures involved in plant reproduction, including cones, flowers, and their parts. It explains that gymnosperms reproduce using cones that produce male pollen grains and female ovules. Angiosperms reproduce using flowers, which are composed of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Following pollination and double fertilization within the flower, seeds develop inside the carpel and are nourished by endosperm.
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Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers. The male parts (androecium) contain stamens that produce pollen inside anthers. The female parts (gynoecium) contain pistils with ovules inside ovaries. Pollination transfers pollen grains to the stigma, and the pollen tube delivers sperm for double fertilization - one sperm fuses with the egg to form the embryo, while the other fuses with the central cells to form the endosperm. Various mechanisms ensure cross-pollination for genetic diversity.
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SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
seed production, Nursery & Gardening.pdf
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
Synopsis presentation VDR gene polymorphism and anemia (2).pptx
I am the PhD scholar of FND department, Assam down town University
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Physics Investigatory Project on transformers. Class 12th
Physics investigatory project on transformers with required details for 12thes. with index, theory, types of transformers (with relevant images), procedure, sources of error, aim n apparatus along with bibliography🗃️📜. Please try to add your own imagination rather than just copy paste... Hope you all guys friends n juniors' like it. peace out✌🏻✌🏻
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
一比一原版(macewan学位证书)加拿大麦科文大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(macewan学位证书)加拿大麦科文大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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办理(macewan学位证书)加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
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综上所述，办理(macewan学位证书)加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Post translation modification by Suyash Garg
overview of PTM helps to the students who wants to clear their basics about it.
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Flower presentation 4th grade
- 1. Parts of a Flower
- 2. Parts of the flower labeled
- 3. Stamin: Male parts of a flower • Anther: produces pollen • Filament:, long tube that supports the anther
- 4. Pistil: Female parts of the plant • Stigma: takes in pollen • Style: tube on top of ovary • Ovary: where a seed will form • Ovule: develops into a flower
- 5. Other parts of the flower Petal: attracts bees, birds to pollinate the flower Sepal: protect a new flower