Flask is a microframework for Python that allows for easy development of web applications. It began as an April Fool's joke but became popular enough to be developed into a full framework. The document discusses installing Flask and related packages like Flask-SQLAlchemy and Flask-Mail. It covers setting up a virtual environment for projects, installing dependencies, and includes code examples for basic Flask app configuration, SQLAlchemy integration, and using Flask-Mail to send emails. The goal is to build a simple TODO list web application to demonstrate Flask implementation.