Adding remote kiosks that provided additional points of sale for piped water connected to existing purification sites led to significant increases in water sales volumes and reductions in per-liter system costs for Safe Water Network in Ghana. In two communities, sales volumes doubled with the introduction of remote kiosks. Remote kiosks also reduced per-liter production costs by up to 56%. Two additional communities that implemented remote kiosks also experienced around 60% increases in water sales volumes after some initial challenges, showing the promise of this approach.
Water Shortages Crisis in Karachi : Causes and Consequencesshehricbe
The document summarizes a seminar on the water shortage crisis in Karachi, Pakistan. It outlines several key points:
1) Karachi faces a water shortage due to limited natural sources and an increasing population that outstrips the available supply. Alternative sources like desalination are too expensive.
2) Citizens obtain water through illegal means like private wells and tankers due to inadequate supply from the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB).
3) The KWSB relies on private hydrant operators to distribute water, but they operate without proper oversight and sell water at high uncontrolled rates, compromising water quality and access.
Roadmap universal coverage10 fold acceleration by Dick BoumanIRC
This document discusses accelerating universal water coverage in Kajiado County, Kenya from the current pace which would not achieve full access until 2131. It notes that one organization invested millions of Euros over 15 years but made limited progress towards goals. The document then outlines several mini case studies of innovative water distribution models using water kiosks and home delivery. It discusses challenges around funding, sustainability, and innovation and proposes ways to scale up promising concepts through public-private partnerships and new financing approaches.
This document summarizes a presentation on integrating informal water supply models into formal water operations based on a case study of Maputo, Mozambique. It discusses three international case studies of incorporating informal water vendors, then analyzes the water supply situation and potential solutions in Maputo. The key lessons are that informal vendors fill critical gaps and have business models adapted to customers, and that legal recognition and partnerships between vendors and operators can expand access while benefiting all stakeholders.
Arun lakhani's view on indian urban water scenariovilindia
The rapidly urbanizing Indian population is expected to reach a figure close to 600 million urban people by 2031. This massive transition is creating serious challenges for urban planners and ULBs, especially which of ensuring quality water supply to these citizens. Indian cities have for long lived with intermittent water supply systems riddled with a variety of problems ranging from high levels of NRW to contamination issues. Some of the concerns with the urban water scenario are Non-Revenue Water ranging from 50 to 75%, Water supply coverage only about 64%, Intermittent Supply, Poor billing mechanism. Here’s what Mr. Arun Lakhani has to say as a solution to this situation several reforms have been initiated by the government which include introduction of performance linked PPP contracts, up gradation of existing ageing assets, 100% metering and efficient operation and maintenance of the supply system.
Arun Lakhani’s View On Indian Urban Water Scenarioarunlakhani48
The rapidly urbanizing Indian population is expected to reach a figure close to 600 million urban people by 2031. This massive transition is creating serious challenges for urban planners and ULBs, especially which of ensuring quality water supply to these citizens. Indian cities have for long lived with intermittent water supply systems riddled with a variety of problems ranging from high levels of NRW to contamination issues. Some of the concerns with the urban water scenario are Non-Revenue Water ranging from 50 to 75%, Water supply coverage only about 64%, Intermittent Supply, Poor billing mechanism. Here’s what Mr. Arun Lakhani has to say as a solution to this situation several reforms have been initiated by the government which include introduction of performance linked PPP contracts, up gradation of existing ageing assets, 100% metering and efficient operation and maintenance of the supply system.
This document outlines Manila Water's sustainability journey from 1997 when it entered into a public-private partnership to operate the East Zone water concession. It discusses Manila Water's practices across its value chain to protect the environment and empower communities, including watershed management programs, reducing non-revenue water, and expanding access to water services. It also highlights Manila Water's wastewater and integrated management systems and its efforts to champion sustainability beyond its East Zone concession through advocacy programs, sustainability reporting, and working with its subsidiaries.
Bridging the gap through participatory aquifer mappingv2biometrust
The greatest challenge of groundwater management is therefore the need to
embed management responses in the practices of this universe of dispersed actors. Yet our
understanding of Aquifers, the logical “unit” for groundwater management is very poor. While
administrative boundaries help us organize our governance on the surface, aquifers under our
feet don‟t necessarily follow any of these boundaries. How, then, do we evolve a way of
understanding our aquifers and enabling aquifer management responses based on this
understanding? This report details the process of participatory aquifer mapping in Yamalur watershed, in Bangalore.
Water Shortages Crisis in Karachi : Causes and Consequencesshehricbe
The document summarizes a seminar on the water shortage crisis in Karachi, Pakistan. It outlines several key points:
1) Karachi faces a water shortage due to limited natural sources and an increasing population that outstrips the available supply. Alternative sources like desalination are too expensive.
2) Citizens obtain water through illegal means like private wells and tankers due to inadequate supply from the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB).
3) The KWSB relies on private hydrant operators to distribute water, but they operate without proper oversight and sell water at high uncontrolled rates, compromising water quality and access.
Roadmap universal coverage10 fold acceleration by Dick BoumanIRC
This document discusses accelerating universal water coverage in Kajiado County, Kenya from the current pace which would not achieve full access until 2131. It notes that one organization invested millions of Euros over 15 years but made limited progress towards goals. The document then outlines several mini case studies of innovative water distribution models using water kiosks and home delivery. It discusses challenges around funding, sustainability, and innovation and proposes ways to scale up promising concepts through public-private partnerships and new financing approaches.
This document summarizes a presentation on integrating informal water supply models into formal water operations based on a case study of Maputo, Mozambique. It discusses three international case studies of incorporating informal water vendors, then analyzes the water supply situation and potential solutions in Maputo. The key lessons are that informal vendors fill critical gaps and have business models adapted to customers, and that legal recognition and partnerships between vendors and operators can expand access while benefiting all stakeholders.
Arun lakhani's view on indian urban water scenariovilindia
The rapidly urbanizing Indian population is expected to reach a figure close to 600 million urban people by 2031. This massive transition is creating serious challenges for urban planners and ULBs, especially which of ensuring quality water supply to these citizens. Indian cities have for long lived with intermittent water supply systems riddled with a variety of problems ranging from high levels of NRW to contamination issues. Some of the concerns with the urban water scenario are Non-Revenue Water ranging from 50 to 75%, Water supply coverage only about 64%, Intermittent Supply, Poor billing mechanism. Here’s what Mr. Arun Lakhani has to say as a solution to this situation several reforms have been initiated by the government which include introduction of performance linked PPP contracts, up gradation of existing ageing assets, 100% metering and efficient operation and maintenance of the supply system.
Arun Lakhani’s View On Indian Urban Water Scenarioarunlakhani48
The rapidly urbanizing Indian population is expected to reach a figure close to 600 million urban people by 2031. This massive transition is creating serious challenges for urban planners and ULBs, especially which of ensuring quality water supply to these citizens. Indian cities have for long lived with intermittent water supply systems riddled with a variety of problems ranging from high levels of NRW to contamination issues. Some of the concerns with the urban water scenario are Non-Revenue Water ranging from 50 to 75%, Water supply coverage only about 64%, Intermittent Supply, Poor billing mechanism. Here’s what Mr. Arun Lakhani has to say as a solution to this situation several reforms have been initiated by the government which include introduction of performance linked PPP contracts, up gradation of existing ageing assets, 100% metering and efficient operation and maintenance of the supply system.
This document outlines Manila Water's sustainability journey from 1997 when it entered into a public-private partnership to operate the East Zone water concession. It discusses Manila Water's practices across its value chain to protect the environment and empower communities, including watershed management programs, reducing non-revenue water, and expanding access to water services. It also highlights Manila Water's wastewater and integrated management systems and its efforts to champion sustainability beyond its East Zone concession through advocacy programs, sustainability reporting, and working with its subsidiaries.
Bridging the gap through participatory aquifer mappingv2biometrust
The greatest challenge of groundwater management is therefore the need to
embed management responses in the practices of this universe of dispersed actors. Yet our
understanding of Aquifers, the logical “unit” for groundwater management is very poor. While
administrative boundaries help us organize our governance on the surface, aquifers under our
feet don‟t necessarily follow any of these boundaries. How, then, do we evolve a way of
understanding our aquifers and enabling aquifer management responses based on this
understanding? This report details the process of participatory aquifer mapping in Yamalur watershed, in Bangalore.
The Port of San Diego aims to conserve water as part of its environmental stewardship mission. It currently gets water from three agencies and complies with mandatory conservation levels. Past voluntary efforts included smart irrigation, water-wise landscaping, and low-flow fixtures. The Port uses over 200 million gallons annually and sees opportunities in further irrigation and building improvements, ship use reduction, and exploring graywater and reclaimed water options. Next steps involve staying informed on mandates, determining additional efforts, collaborating with tenants, and pursuing grants.
The document discusses the benefits and marketing of rope pumps in Nicaragua. Rope pumps are a simple, low-cost technology for extracting water from wells up to 50 meters deep. They are appropriate for rural areas and made from locally available materials. The study identifies potential demand for 75,000 rope pumps over the next 5 years, representing $1.5 million in annual sales. Challenges include increasing demand in rural communities, strengthening suppliers' marketing and access to credit, and facilitating payments for users to purchase rope pumps.
The document discusses the challenges facing UK water management, including increasing demand, decreasing supply due to climate change, and public unawareness of the issues. It proposes a "20:20 Challenge" to reduce individual daily water usage by 20 litres and water lost through leakages by 20%, which could save enough water to meet 23% of the national need. The document outlines ways to achieve this through reducing domestic usage, improving leak detection technology, and encouraging water meter installation. It calls on all water industry professionals to get involved in meeting the 20:20 Challenge goals.
WATER UTILITIES: MANAGEMENT MODELS #Acqua2015acciona
Presentación sobre los distintos modelos de gestión en servivios de agua en el Festival dell Acqua celebrado en Milán, Italia. #Acqua2015 http://acciona.sa/Ta9Nc
Presentacion about water utilities: management models in the Festical dell Acqua held in Milano, Italy. http://acciona.sa/TcQ7k
DEWATS Decentralized waste water treatment technologyRajneesh Gautam
This document presents a proposal for decentralized wastewater treatment in urban and rural areas. It discusses the increasing demand for water due to population growth and the opportunity to reuse 80% of water that becomes wastewater. The objectives are to study current sewage treatment, project future population and water demand, and design decentralized wastewater treatment plants. Calculations project Delhi's population to reach 28.6 million by 2025, increasing wastewater generation. The expected outcomes are analyzing the current sewage system and designing low-cost, low-energy decentralized plants suitable for any community. The conclusion is that decentralized plants providing reuse and recycling are more feasible than large centralized plants.
The document discusses rural water and sanitation models in India. It proposes a model where waste generated by rural communities is sent to a biogas treatment plant, producing biogas and fertilizer. The biogas is then converted to electricity, which is distributed to nearby villages. This provides rural areas with sanitation facilities and a renewable power source. Water availability can be an issue in rural areas, so portable generators may be used to pump water from bore wells. The model aims to create a sustainable system where waste is used to generate resources like power and fertilizer for the community.
This document summarizes the National Drinking Water Mission in India. The key points are:
- The mission aims to provide safe drinking water to all rural individuals on a sustainable basis.
- It focuses on decentralization and community involvement through local governments to manage local water sources and systems.
- The program has various components like coverage, sustainability, water quality management, and operation and maintenance. Funding is provided to states based on rural population criteria.
- The goal is to ensure drinking water security at the household level through integrated water management and a decentralized approach.
eWATER is a technology company that provides a sustainable solution to collecting user fees for water systems maintenance through mobile money payments and IoT-connected taps. Their system has provided clean water to 12,000 people in Gambia. They are working to scale up operations in Tanzania, Senegal, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda by replacing broken taps and installing new systems. Their goal is to install 100,000 taps serving 10 million people within 5 years.
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN INDIA BY-AKSHAYAAKSHAYA KUMAR
This document discusses water supply in India. It begins by outlining why water supply and sanitation is important, noting that lack of access causes deaths and diseases and hinders education. It then discusses some of the key problems with rural water supply and sanitation systems, such as water quality, quantity, wastage and distribution challenges. The document proposes several solutions, including surveys, awareness programs, management improvements, and pilot programs. It also outlines India's major policies for rural water supply since the 1970s and notes increasing targets and aims to provide universal access, healthy environments, and improved quality of life.
An overview of GOPC policy recommendations for consideration by local and state candidates. For more information, please visit: http://greaterohio.org/issues/memo
The document provides an overview of the soft drinks industry in India. It discusses that PepsiCo and Coca Cola dominate the market with around 95% share. Consumption of soft drinks in India has been growing, but remains lower than other countries on a per capita basis. Rural consumption is increasing as companies penetrate deeper into rural areas. The supply chain for soft drinks is complex due to many brands, SKUs, and issues around reverse logistics. Visibility throughout the supply chain remains a challenge.
This document provides instructions for an assignment on visual note taking related to natural and built environments. Students are asked to create visual notes on topics related to ecosystems and spaces. For ecosystems, they must formulate topics starting with the letters E-C-O-S-Y-S-T-E-M. For spaces, they must do the same but starting with S-P-A-C-E-S. The notes must be handwritten and drawn on A3 paper. Students must also include an overall conclusion. The visual notes will be evaluated based on content, structure, documentation, originality and clarity. Suggested references on visual note taking are also provided.
This document provides information about free downloads available on various self-help and personal development topics. It lists the names and authors of 7 free downloads available, along with contact information for Maria Dowd who can be reached at the phone numbers provided to discuss booking speakers for various events and programs. There is also a link provided for more information and a request to submit an event request form to help identify suitable speakers.
The document describes a lesson plan for a puppet show using puppets to tell a fable about friendship and solidarity. The objectives are for students to use English phrases during the show, learn values like cooperation, learn vocabulary like animal body parts, integrate past tense verbs, have fun, focus on meaning, improve fluency, and learn how conversations are constructed. Activities include matching vocabulary to pictures, watching the puppet show, answering comprehension questions by completing sentences and ordering images chronologically from the story, and coloring an image from the story.
This document outlines standard operating procedures for the Oil Spill Preparedness Division (OSPD) of the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE). It establishes five core capabilities for OSPD regulatory activities: OSRP Review, Training and Exercise Compliance, Equipment Preparedness Verification, Incident Response and Notification, and Preparedness Coordination. Standard operating procedures are provided for each capability to ensure consistent application of OSPD's regulatory authority under 30 CFR §254. The document also provides guidance on annual review and revision of the procedures.
Prem Chandra A. Mishra is seeking a position that allows him to utilize his 26 years of experience in quality assurance and production management. He has held roles such as Senior QA Manager and Production Manager for companies in India, China, and Africa. Mishra has a Bachelor's degree and experience implementing quality control systems for major international retailers. His skills include production planning, cost control, compliance, and adopting statistical process control methods.
The annual report summarizes the Langley Division of Family Practice's activities and accomplishments over the past year. Key initiatives included improving patient attachment, particularly for priority populations like seniors; implementing a digital signage pilot project; partnering on community health initiatives; expanding programs for in-patient care, home health, and nurse practitioners; and continuing work on shared care with specialists and recruitment. The Board Chair and Executive Director expressed optimism about the Division's leadership role and collaborative approach in the community.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on training and motivating newly recruited employees. The presentation covers several key points:
1. It discusses the importance of training new employees on company, product, and job knowledge to help them perform effectively. Various training tools like role plays are suggested.
2. Motivating new employees involves understanding their career stages and needs. Managers acting as role models, providing direction, and linking rewards to performance can boost motivation.
3. Creating a supportive environment where employees feel empowered and have opportunities to learn and grow is important for motivation. Developing self-efficacy and treating people with respect also enhances motivation.
Sudhanshu Bajpai has over 11 years of experience as an Oracle DBA working with technologies like Oracle 9i, 10g, 11g, 12c, RAC, ASM, and Exadata. He currently works as a Senior Technical Service Specialist at IBM India providing support for Oracle databases. Prior to IBM, he worked for companies like Wipro providing Oracle database administration and support. He has expertise in areas like database installation, configuration, maintenance, performance tuning, backup/recovery, patching, and high availability.
The Port of San Diego aims to conserve water as part of its environmental stewardship mission. It currently gets water from three agencies and complies with mandatory conservation levels. Past voluntary efforts included smart irrigation, water-wise landscaping, and low-flow fixtures. The Port uses over 200 million gallons annually and sees opportunities in further irrigation and building improvements, ship use reduction, and exploring graywater and reclaimed water options. Next steps involve staying informed on mandates, determining additional efforts, collaborating with tenants, and pursuing grants.
The document discusses the benefits and marketing of rope pumps in Nicaragua. Rope pumps are a simple, low-cost technology for extracting water from wells up to 50 meters deep. They are appropriate for rural areas and made from locally available materials. The study identifies potential demand for 75,000 rope pumps over the next 5 years, representing $1.5 million in annual sales. Challenges include increasing demand in rural communities, strengthening suppliers' marketing and access to credit, and facilitating payments for users to purchase rope pumps.
The document discusses the challenges facing UK water management, including increasing demand, decreasing supply due to climate change, and public unawareness of the issues. It proposes a "20:20 Challenge" to reduce individual daily water usage by 20 litres and water lost through leakages by 20%, which could save enough water to meet 23% of the national need. The document outlines ways to achieve this through reducing domestic usage, improving leak detection technology, and encouraging water meter installation. It calls on all water industry professionals to get involved in meeting the 20:20 Challenge goals.
WATER UTILITIES: MANAGEMENT MODELS #Acqua2015acciona
Presentación sobre los distintos modelos de gestión en servivios de agua en el Festival dell Acqua celebrado en Milán, Italia. #Acqua2015 http://acciona.sa/Ta9Nc
Presentacion about water utilities: management models in the Festical dell Acqua held in Milano, Italy. http://acciona.sa/TcQ7k
DEWATS Decentralized waste water treatment technologyRajneesh Gautam
This document presents a proposal for decentralized wastewater treatment in urban and rural areas. It discusses the increasing demand for water due to population growth and the opportunity to reuse 80% of water that becomes wastewater. The objectives are to study current sewage treatment, project future population and water demand, and design decentralized wastewater treatment plants. Calculations project Delhi's population to reach 28.6 million by 2025, increasing wastewater generation. The expected outcomes are analyzing the current sewage system and designing low-cost, low-energy decentralized plants suitable for any community. The conclusion is that decentralized plants providing reuse and recycling are more feasible than large centralized plants.
The document discusses rural water and sanitation models in India. It proposes a model where waste generated by rural communities is sent to a biogas treatment plant, producing biogas and fertilizer. The biogas is then converted to electricity, which is distributed to nearby villages. This provides rural areas with sanitation facilities and a renewable power source. Water availability can be an issue in rural areas, so portable generators may be used to pump water from bore wells. The model aims to create a sustainable system where waste is used to generate resources like power and fertilizer for the community.
This document summarizes the National Drinking Water Mission in India. The key points are:
- The mission aims to provide safe drinking water to all rural individuals on a sustainable basis.
- It focuses on decentralization and community involvement through local governments to manage local water sources and systems.
- The program has various components like coverage, sustainability, water quality management, and operation and maintenance. Funding is provided to states based on rural population criteria.
- The goal is to ensure drinking water security at the household level through integrated water management and a decentralized approach.
eWATER is a technology company that provides a sustainable solution to collecting user fees for water systems maintenance through mobile money payments and IoT-connected taps. Their system has provided clean water to 12,000 people in Gambia. They are working to scale up operations in Tanzania, Senegal, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda by replacing broken taps and installing new systems. Their goal is to install 100,000 taps serving 10 million people within 5 years.
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN INDIA BY-AKSHAYAAKSHAYA KUMAR
This document discusses water supply in India. It begins by outlining why water supply and sanitation is important, noting that lack of access causes deaths and diseases and hinders education. It then discusses some of the key problems with rural water supply and sanitation systems, such as water quality, quantity, wastage and distribution challenges. The document proposes several solutions, including surveys, awareness programs, management improvements, and pilot programs. It also outlines India's major policies for rural water supply since the 1970s and notes increasing targets and aims to provide universal access, healthy environments, and improved quality of life.
An overview of GOPC policy recommendations for consideration by local and state candidates. For more information, please visit: http://greaterohio.org/issues/memo
The document provides an overview of the soft drinks industry in India. It discusses that PepsiCo and Coca Cola dominate the market with around 95% share. Consumption of soft drinks in India has been growing, but remains lower than other countries on a per capita basis. Rural consumption is increasing as companies penetrate deeper into rural areas. The supply chain for soft drinks is complex due to many brands, SKUs, and issues around reverse logistics. Visibility throughout the supply chain remains a challenge.
This document provides instructions for an assignment on visual note taking related to natural and built environments. Students are asked to create visual notes on topics related to ecosystems and spaces. For ecosystems, they must formulate topics starting with the letters E-C-O-S-Y-S-T-E-M. For spaces, they must do the same but starting with S-P-A-C-E-S. The notes must be handwritten and drawn on A3 paper. Students must also include an overall conclusion. The visual notes will be evaluated based on content, structure, documentation, originality and clarity. Suggested references on visual note taking are also provided.
This document provides information about free downloads available on various self-help and personal development topics. It lists the names and authors of 7 free downloads available, along with contact information for Maria Dowd who can be reached at the phone numbers provided to discuss booking speakers for various events and programs. There is also a link provided for more information and a request to submit an event request form to help identify suitable speakers.
The document describes a lesson plan for a puppet show using puppets to tell a fable about friendship and solidarity. The objectives are for students to use English phrases during the show, learn values like cooperation, learn vocabulary like animal body parts, integrate past tense verbs, have fun, focus on meaning, improve fluency, and learn how conversations are constructed. Activities include matching vocabulary to pictures, watching the puppet show, answering comprehension questions by completing sentences and ordering images chronologically from the story, and coloring an image from the story.
This document outlines standard operating procedures for the Oil Spill Preparedness Division (OSPD) of the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE). It establishes five core capabilities for OSPD regulatory activities: OSRP Review, Training and Exercise Compliance, Equipment Preparedness Verification, Incident Response and Notification, and Preparedness Coordination. Standard operating procedures are provided for each capability to ensure consistent application of OSPD's regulatory authority under 30 CFR §254. The document also provides guidance on annual review and revision of the procedures.
Prem Chandra A. Mishra is seeking a position that allows him to utilize his 26 years of experience in quality assurance and production management. He has held roles such as Senior QA Manager and Production Manager for companies in India, China, and Africa. Mishra has a Bachelor's degree and experience implementing quality control systems for major international retailers. His skills include production planning, cost control, compliance, and adopting statistical process control methods.
The annual report summarizes the Langley Division of Family Practice's activities and accomplishments over the past year. Key initiatives included improving patient attachment, particularly for priority populations like seniors; implementing a digital signage pilot project; partnering on community health initiatives; expanding programs for in-patient care, home health, and nurse practitioners; and continuing work on shared care with specialists and recruitment. The Board Chair and Executive Director expressed optimism about the Division's leadership role and collaborative approach in the community.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on training and motivating newly recruited employees. The presentation covers several key points:
1. It discusses the importance of training new employees on company, product, and job knowledge to help them perform effectively. Various training tools like role plays are suggested.
2. Motivating new employees involves understanding their career stages and needs. Managers acting as role models, providing direction, and linking rewards to performance can boost motivation.
3. Creating a supportive environment where employees feel empowered and have opportunities to learn and grow is important for motivation. Developing self-efficacy and treating people with respect also enhances motivation.
Sudhanshu Bajpai has over 11 years of experience as an Oracle DBA working with technologies like Oracle 9i, 10g, 11g, 12c, RAC, ASM, and Exadata. He currently works as a Senior Technical Service Specialist at IBM India providing support for Oracle databases. Prior to IBM, he worked for companies like Wipro providing Oracle database administration and support. He has expertise in areas like database installation, configuration, maintenance, performance tuning, backup/recovery, patching, and high availability.
This document highlights world record holders for solving Rubik's cubes, including Feliks Zemdegs for the fastest average time of 6.54 seconds. It also lists benefits of playing with Rubik's cubes such as increasing thinking ability, earning money in competitions, and making new friends. Additionally, it provides a quote comparing love to solving a Rubik's cube through its various twists and turns to find the perfect solution.
The document summarizes the professional experience of an individual with over 10 years of experience in project management, business analysis, and web development. They have worked in both the public and private sectors in the UK and Australia, managing projects of varying sizes. They are skilled at building relationships with stakeholders, delivering projects on time and on budget, and developing processes and documentation to ensure quality and resolve issues.
Eclipsys is an Oracle Platinum Partner that provides consulting and professional services to help clients maximize the benefits of their Oracle investments. They have expertise across Oracle's product portfolio including engineered systems, databases, middleware, and identity management. Eclipsys can help clients with architecture, implementation, optimization, and transformation services. They also offer jumpstart programs, loaner programs, and training services to assist clients.
Deteriorating Economic Situation and Its Effect on Safe and Adequate Water Su...Katrice King
The document summarizes the impacts of South Sudan's deteriorating economic situation on access to safe water in Juba. Public water infrastructure is limited, so private vendors supply most water via trucking, bottling, and bicycle delivery. However, rising costs have reduced production and increased prices. Vendors are delivering less frequently and in smaller quantities to outlying areas. Households can only afford half as much water for drinking and cooking, risking disease outbreaks. Urgent interventions are needed to support production and delivery of affordable, safe water to vulnerable communities.
The document summarizes an assessment of the water market in Moyale Town, Ethiopia conducted by Oxfam GB in August 2012. Moyale has experienced increasing population and displacement putting pressure on limited water access. The assessment mapped the current water market and analyzed household water needs and supply. Key findings were that households rely on municipal water from public and private stands when available, but supply is inadequate to meet the estimated needs of 120,000 people. The assessment recommends potential interventions like water vouchers to increase access, but notes any response must consider the constrained water supply situation.
This document summarizes a research report on the causes of declining residential water sales for the Louisville Water Company. The key findings are:
1) Residential water usage per customer has declined 20% since 1988, forcing the company to raise rates.
2) Several factors may be contributing to lower usage, including wetter weather, fewer people per household, and more water-efficient appliances.
3) Preliminary analysis found at least one-third of the decline is due to fewer people per household. Outdoor water use is also impacted by weather conditions.
The Louisville Water Company has experienced a 20% decline in water usage per residential customer since 1988. This has forced rate increases and reduced revenues. The report studies possible causes, including wetter weather reducing outdoor use, fewer people per household, more water-efficient appliances, and many households incorrectly classified as commercial users. An econometric model suggests at least one-third of the decline is due to fewer people per household, while usage per person has remained stable. The report recommends an end use study to better understand the impacts of new appliances and distinguish indoor and outdoor usage. It also found over 44,000 housing units misclassified as commercial that should be reclassified to improve analysis of trends.
The Causes of Declining Residential Water Salesmhmaggie
In this study I untangled and linked a large complex dataset (over 1 million individual records) to establish who and where water usage was labelled 'residential' and conversely how many households were labelled 'commercial' that were actually residential and thus missed in the Water Company's yearly calculations.
- Smart water metering systems like AMR and AMI can automatically and remotely collect meter readings and transmit consumption data, reducing non-revenue water losses from leaks and inaccurate billing.
- Pilot studies in South Africa found that smart metering reduced unaccounted water by 7% in one area and detected excessive usage over free basic water allowances in another, representing potential cost savings or increased revenue.
- Monitoring individual households found smart meters could detect leaks and abnormal usage patterns, allowing targeted conservation efforts or service. Remote operation of valves also enables limiting or shutting off faulty connections.
LASaves is an online platform and text/email alert system designed to increase water conservation in Southern California through improved citizen awareness and engagement. It will provide consumers access to their water usage data compared to neighborhood averages and tips to reduce usage. The program aims to educate residents on the drought crisis and incentivize behavioral changes to save water and costs. A pilot with the San Gabriel Valley Water District will test using web/text tools to notify customers about exceeding usage thresholds. If successful, it could save millions of gallons of water and dollars while establishing a long-term conservation culture.
WATER_AND_SANITATION_FOR_THE_URBAN_POOR.pdfJames Juma
- Rapid urban growth in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia has the potential to lift millions out of poverty if managed well, but clean water and sanitation are lacking in many emerging urban settlements.
- Utilities are often seen as unable to serve the poorest, but WSUP believes utilities can deliver services to all with the right support, such as dedicated teams for low-income communities.
- Five myths are stopping progress on universal access to water and sanitation: utilities cannot serve the poor, water should be free, communities should manage their own services, only household facilities matter, and toilets alone will solve sanitation issues.
The AfWA-FABRI Non-Revenue Water Program aims to reduce water losses in African utilities through partnerships between USAID, AfWA, and 18 water companies in 15 countries. Utilities in sub-Saharan Africa currently lose around one-third of their water supply on average. The program conducts water audits to assess losses, then works with utilities to develop plans to reduce losses through improved management practices. The goals are to increase the amount of water available to customers, improve utility finances, and establish AfWA as a leader in water loss reduction across Africa.
Willingness to Pay for Sanitation Services in Dagupan CityOswar Mungkasa
Prepared by D. S. Harder*, A. U. Sajise** and E.M. Galing*** * Resources Environment and Economic Center for Studies (REECS), Quezon City, Philippines (E-mail: dieldre@yahoo.com) ** University of the Philippines at Los Banos (UPLB), Los Banos, Laguna Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Crowne Plaza Galleria, manila Philippines.
This document presents the findings of a pilot study conducted by Housing New Zealand Corporation (HNZC) and Manukau Water Limited (MWL) to analyze water usage patterns of HNZC tenants compared to non-HNZC households. The study focused on households in the Mangere East area. Initial results found that the average daily water consumption of HNZC households was 60% higher than non-HNZC households. A higher percentage of HNZC households fell into the "high" and "very high" usage categories. However, the authors note that further per capita analysis is needed before conclusions can be drawn, as household occupancy rates may differ between the two groups. If HNZC tenants are ultimately found to use more
The Eugene Water & Electric Board (EWEB) provides water and electricity to approximately 200,000 people in the greater Eugene area. In 2015, EWEB took steps to improve the reliability of Eugene's water supply by acquiring property along the Willamette River for a new water intake facility. EWEB also prepared for a major earthquake by distributing emergency water containers and upgrading critical infrastructure. The utility paid off debt early to reduce costs and helped local businesses expand through a new loan program. EWEB continues to provide highly reliable electric service and award-winning customer programs.
The City of LaSalle, Illinois sources its water from wells vulnerable to contamination. Carus Corporation, located in LaSalle, uses large amounts of water in its industrial processes. To save water and money, Carus implemented a project to reuse non-contact cooling water from its condenser to feed its water softeners, replacing raw city water. Initial results found the project will save over 8.7 million gallons of water annually, reducing Carus' costs and helping the local community manage its water resources more sustainably.
IMPROVED WASH SERVICES FOR PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS AND HOUSEHOLDS.pdfahidul islam kazal
Innovations have been made to improve the level of WASH services. These have been mainly to improve water supply delivery by organizing
cluster piped water supply schemes; introducing the innovative latrine
(septic pits) with bathing chamber; and a hand washing device, called MaxiBasin (device to maximize level of handwashing for behavioral
change).
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the water demand in Avadi Municipality, India using the EPANET water distribution modeling software. The study examined existing water usage data from 2004-2007 to determine factors like average daily demand, maximum monthly demand, and unaccounted water losses. It then used population projections and a standard demand calculation formula to estimate future water demands. The document describes how EPANET was used to distribute the water demands across the modeled network nodes and calibrate peaks. The study aimed to help plan infrastructure improvements like expanding the supply network or adding new facilities.
A Review of water Charges: Customers’ Perception of The Quality of The Levels...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The trade-off between full cost recovery and providing the urban poor with potable water in the right quantity, quality and at affordable prices is ever increasing especially in African countries. Ghana, not being an exception continues to struggle in its efforts to provide safe drinking water to the urban populace and Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL), the urban water service provider stands at the centre of this ordeal. The company has been criticised for being inefficient in its management of the urban water supply due to various reasons - technical, financial and political. This report reviews the water supply management in Ghana. It further investigates by way of a survey, the perception of consumers in Ghana of the quality of the levels of service offered them regarding water quality, quantity and reliability, as well as the affordability and willingness to pay for improvements in the water services rendered by the GWCL. The survey came up with one hundred and thirty-four (134) valid respondents – 56 directly handed out printed questionnaire respondents and 78 online respondents. The survey results show that most customers perceive the water quality and reliability of the service received as being average and above, although over 78% of them have their water supply interrupted at least once every week. The quantity of water received is shown as not being adequate, since 54% of customers resort to other sources of water to supplement public supply. Even though the water quality is rated as good, customers rarely drink water from this service, as 66.4% of them prefer drinking sachet or bottled water. Most consumers (63.4%) think the current water prices are high and only about 3% are willing to pay more to achieve full cost of water service and for a significant improvement to the supply system. The water supply situation in Ghana should be recognized as a national issue and given higher priority. Major reforms need to be made in both policy and practice if the levels of service are to match up to internationally accepted standards. This would bring significant public health improvements and service improvements to wider Ghanaian society
e-Water Supply System using Python, Raspberry Pi and IOTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed e-water supply system using Python, Raspberry Pi, and IoT to monitor water usage and prevent theft. The system would record flow rates at consumer ends using a level sensor and transmit the data via a mobile app and IoT to a remote monitoring station. It would also control an electrically operated solenoid valve using a Raspberry Pi to stop water supply if flow rates exceed predefined limits. The goal is to develop an embedded remote water monitoring system that prevents excess water usage and theft through real-time flow monitoring and control of supply.
This document discusses investment opportunities in the water sector arising from increasing global water scarcity and the need for improved conservation, supply, and technology. It outlines two main investment opportunities: 1) Water conservation through improved irrigation techniques like drip irrigation, increased metering of water usage, and variable pricing; and 2) Increasing water supply through investments in desalination plants and purification of greywater for reuse. The water crisis is expected to drive significant growth in companies developing innovative solutions in these areas.
The document outlines a project to promote household water treatment, safe storage, hygiene, and sanitation in Turkana and West Pokot districts of Kenya. The project will (1) promote household water treatment and safe storage options like ceramic filters and chlorine, targeting over 10,000 households, (2) improve hygiene through handwashing promotion in schools and communities, (3) increase sanitation through community-led total sanitation approaches to trigger at least 25 villages to improve sanitation. The 12-month project aims to reduce child mortality from diarrhea through these water, sanitation and hygiene interventions.
1. APRIL 2014FIELD INSIGHTS SERIES
1
Adding new pipeline-connected points of sale to our Ghana water systems led sales
volumes to double and improved system economics.
KEY INSIGHTS
Lead Author: Joseph Ampadu-Boakye Contributing Authors: Ryan Hebert, Hew Crooks, Mohammad Awais
• Adoption declines steeply with distance – even within
the first 200m
• Remote kiosks in two communities led to a doubling
in sales, which has sustained over the first year of
operations
• This increase occurred regardless of whether
adoption rates had previously been low or high
• Adding remote kiosks has also reduced per-liter
system cost by up to 56%
A Cost-Effective Approach to Increasing Safe Water Consumption in Ghana
REMOTE KIOSKS
A Promising New Approach to
Water Coverage
It is generally understood in the water sector that convenient
access is an essential determinant of safe water use – when a single
20-liter jerrycan of water weighs nearly 45 lbs., it is not surprising
that consumers place a high value on the ability to collect their
water as near to their homes as possible. We sought to quantify the
relationship between convenience and safe water consumption
in order to strengthen the viability of the systems we operate and
better meet the needs of the communities in which we work.
In Ghana, our approach has been to install “remote kiosks” –
additional points of sale, staffed by a single operator and connected
to a community’s main purification site by pipeline. We currently
operate eight such kiosks in four communities. Our experience to
date has demonstrated that this model represents a cost-effective
approach to increasing safe water consumption. Installing remote
kiosks also reduced per-liter production costs by up to 56%.
Map of
Safe Water Network’s
First 5 Ghana Sites
Dzemeni
Obeyeyie
Oduman
Pokuase
Amasaman
Safe Water Network’s Early Challenges
in Ghana
Safe Water Network has been active in Ghana since 2009, when
we established five water systems in the peri-urban communities
of Amasaman, Obeyeyie, Oduman, and Pokuase, and the rural
community of Dzemeni (see map on following page). In parallel
with our work to launch these systems, we collaborated with
researchers from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health (JHBSPH), who conducted an independent assessment
of the initiative’s impacts.
Once the sites had operated for a full year and the impact of
seasonality was accounted for, a full analysis was conducted to
determine what was working and what wasn’t.
Safe Water Network develops innovative solutions that provide safe water to communities in need. Our goal is to achieve sustainable service delivery
and locally-independent operations through the application of local ownership and market principles.
In Field Insights, we provide a focused analysis of how we’ve approached a particular challenge and what insights have been gained.
For more information, contact info@safewaternetwork.org.
2. 2 3
REMOTE KIOSKS REMOTE KIOSKSFIELD INSIGHTS SERIES FIELD INSIGHTS SERIES
A Cost-Effective Approach to Increasing Safe Water Consumption in Ghana A Cost-Effective Approach to Increasing Safe Water Consumption in Ghana
One of the topics assessed was the geographic distribution of
consumers. Building on a finding from JHBSPH that the median
safe water consumer lived just 124m from a Safe Water Station, we
completed GPS-based maps of all households within 500m of each
of the stations. This process showed a steep decline in household
penetration with distance, even within the first 200m. The results
for Pokuase, shown in Figure 1, are reflective of this general
trend. While community-wide adoption in Pokuase was roughly
33%, this was enormously dependent on distance – from 85% of
households within 100m of the station to just 10% of households
located more than 200m from the station. From this analysis, we
concluded that a higher level of safe water usage in the community
could be achieved by providing consumers with access closer to
their homes.
Dzemeni and Pokuase: Success in
Two Distinct Settings
Safe Water Network established its first two remote kiosks in
Dzemeni in May of 2011, followed by three remote kiosks in Pokuase
five months later.
The two communities represent quite distinct market conditions.
Dzemeni is a rural market center and fishing village of roughly
8,000 people on the shores of Lake Volta. Of the five communities
where systems were launched, Dzemeni is the poorest. The lake
represents an abundant, albeit contaminated, source of water: at
the time of JHBSPH’s initial assessment in 2008, 80% of residents
relied on surface water as their primary water source. With few
alternatives available, Safe Water Network’s water station was able
to quickly achieve high levels of adoption – an estimated 72% of
households community-wide were using the station by the time
of JHBSPH’s 2010 follow-up assessment.
In contrast, Pokuase is a peri-urban community of some 16,000
people on the outskirts of Accra. There, 70% of residents relied on
sachets as their primary source of drinking water at the time of the
initial assessment, with the remainder relying on a mix of public
wells, bottled water, piped systems, and other sources. With such
a variety of alternatives available, adoption of safe water from the
station progressed at a slower pace. As reported above, at the time
of the follow-on survey, some 33% of households community-wide
were using water from the station.
Given these differences, it is perhaps surprising that the
introduction of remote kiosks led to such similar results: in both
communities, sales of safe water roughly doubled in the first
month. It is challenging to determine the proportion of the increase
that is attributable to the remote kiosk, as sales are highly seasonal.
Using year-over-year data – which show growth of 74% in Dzemeni
and over 500% in Pokuase – is also imperfect, as Safe Water
Network implemented a series of improvements in 2010 and 2011
that also contributed to increases, including expanded education
programs and pricing promotions. Regardless, the charts in Figure 2
show a clear break between pre-kiosk and post-kiosk sales.
The increased water sales, combined with the low incremental
operating costs of the remote kiosks, significantly improved the
economics of the safe water stations in Dzemeni and Pokuase.
Total system cost per liter declined by 33% in Dzemeni and 56% in
Pokuase after the remote kiosks were installed (see Figure 3). In
Dzemeni, this difference was sufficient to convert an unprofitable
water system into a profitable one.
However, the details of these volume shifts were different between
communities. Dzemeni, with its high initial rate of adoption, saw
volumes decline at the main site, likely due to some of the more
distant households shifting their consumption to the remote
kiosks. Nonetheless, volumes roughly doubled overall. Full before-
and-after customer counts are not available (see “What’s Next?”);
however, as adoption rates were already at 72%, the increase must
be due in large part to increased consumption per user. In Pokuase,
where initial adoption rates were lower, remote kiosks did not
reduce sales at the main site, with volume increases seemingly
resulting instead from the kiosks’ proximity to new customers.
The increased level of sales has sustained over time at both sites.
Figure 4 (next page) shows sales volumes at Dzemeni for the full
12 months following the introduction of the remote kiosks. While
there is significant month-to-month fluctuation due to seasonality
and other factors, total system volumes have been consistently
above those seen before the remote kiosks were introduced. In
Dzemeni, remote kiosks have represented the majority of overall
sales every month since their launch.
Promising Early Results for New
Remote Kiosks
Based on our results at Dzemeni and Pokuase, we launched
additional remote kiosks at Obeyeyie and Oduman in October 2012.
These sites, like Pokuase, are peri-urban communities near Accra;
however, they are significantly smaller, with populations of roughly
2,500 each. Household adoption in the month before the kiosks
were launched was 73% in Obeyeyie and 34% in Oduman. The
short-term impacts of these new kiosks on overall sales volumes
are shown in Figure 5.
The analysis in these communities is more complicated, as the
introduction of remote kiosks coincided with significant unrelated
challenges: there were difficulties securing required quantities of
Fig. 1: Household Mapping in Pokuase shows
concentration of customers near the station
85%
55%
10%
>100100-200
Distance from Site (m)
HouseholdPenetration
<100
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
200m
100m
Remote kiosk operator Enoch Agbemor with a customer in Dzemeni
Fig. 2: Remote kiosks lead to doubling of sales in
Dzemeni & Pokuase
Fig. 3: Remote kiosks reduce per-liter costs in
Dzemeni and Pokuase
DZEMENI
POKUASE
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
-
Jan.11
Feb.11
M
ar.11
Apr.11
M
ay.11
Jun.11
Jul.11
Aug.11
Main Site/Bulk Remote Kiosks
VolumeSold(L)
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
-
Jun.11
Jul.11
Aug.11
Sep.11
Oct.11
N
ov.11
Dec.11
Jan.12
Main Site/Delivery Remote Kiosks
VolumeSold(L)
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
CostperLiter(GHS)
Before
Dzemeni Pokuase
After
-33% -56%
3. 4
REMOTE KIOSKSFIELD INSIGHTS SERIES
A Cost-Effective Approach to Increasing Safe Water Consumption in Ghana
source water (since resolved), and Ghana was also experiencing
severe electricity shortages, which interfered with pumping to the
sites. In addition, remote kiosks in Obeyeyie and Oduman were
initially served only by sporadic truck delivery until the completion
of pipelines in January 2013. Impacts were therefore quite modest
in the first three months after introduction. Despite this fact,
comparing the average sales volumes in the four months prior
to introduction with the four months after introduction shows a
volume growth of roughly 60% in both communities, resulting in a
cost-per-liter reduction of 22% in Obeyeyie and 27% in Oduman.
We will continue to monitor and analyze the performance of these
sites as they mature.
What’s Next?
These findings enable us to begin to quantify the value placed on
convenience by safe water consumers. Overall, remote kiosks have
shown themselves to represent one cost-effective approach to
increasing the coverage of community-level water systems, even
where household adoption rates are already high.
Many questions remain to be answered, in areas including
optimal siting and sizing for remote kiosks, and the cost trade-offs
of remote kiosks vs. truck delivery, single standpipes or
other options.
A key priority in 2013 is to ensure the reliable collection of consumer
data (including customer counts, demographics, socioeconomics,
etc.) from all points of sale, so that future shifts in purchasing
behavior can be analyzed in greater detail. Now that remote
kiosks are operational in four communities, we are also seeking to
complete an additional round of whole-community GPS mapping
to better understand how geographical patterns of safe water use
have changed over time.
Our medium to long-term objective at these sites include 1)
expansion of safe water services into other nearby communities,
and 2) additional points of sale within each community, which may
include more remote kiosks, standpipes attached to an automatic
payment system, and over time potentially even household
connections.
Fig. 4: Increased level of sales persists one year
after introduction of remote kiosks
Fig. 5: Remote kiosks in Obeyeyie and Oduman also
lead to sales growth after three challenging months
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
-
Jan.11
M
ar.11
M
ay.11
Jul.11
Sep.11
N
ov.11
Jan.12
M
ar.12
Main Site/Bulk Remote Kiosks
VolumeSold(L)
OBEYEYIE
DZEMENI
ODUMAN
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
-
Jun.12
Jul.12
Aug.12
Sep.12
Oct.12
N
ov.12
Dec.12
Jan.13
Main Site Remote Kiosks
VolumeSold(L)
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
-
Jun.12
Jul.12
Aug.12
Sep.12
Oct.12
N
ov.12
Dec.12
Jan.13
Main Site Remote Kiosks
VolumeSold(L)
Lead Supporters of Safe Water Network in Ghana:
Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, PepsiCo Foundation,
Newman’s Own Foundation, Kosmos Energy
This Field Insight was made possible through support from: