First paper: students will skim the selection of pamphlets available in digital format at the Center for Research Libraries Global Resource Network (https://dds.crl.edu/search/collection/1). I chose (https://dds.crl.edu/item/201461) Bai Mao Nu By Jiang Yan. The essays should identify the central message of the pamphlet and explain how that message is conveyed in text and image. Comments: You have some good descriptions, but your paper's argument is unclear. Your paper tends to simply summarize the story without trying to interpret and analyze the main message.   An Analysis of the Pamphlets named Bai Mao Nu As some of the Americans may remember, China had had one extremely suffering hundred years in the 20th century. In this essay, I will mainly discuss about the first half one hundred years when the story of Bai Mao Nu came into being. During the one hundred years, there had been the Republic of China in 1912. With the lead of Sun Yat-sen, Kuomintang succeeded in a series of fighting against the old power of Qing Dynasty. Another party which later rocked the world known as the Communist Party came into being in July, 1921. The purpose of the Communist Party is simply the purpose of every normal one in China. Today, in the pamphlets I am going to analyze and discuss, the back ground is just at that suffering time. To begin with, I will discuss the author or painter of the pamphlets—Jiang Yan who was born in 1919 when the China is in its most difficult time that almost everywhere of China is in a total mass. After studying Chinese modern flower and bird painting in Beijing, she began to advocate that a painter should draw his or her drawing in the way of his or her age. That is to say, the work of a painter should be able to express the age he or she lived. As far as I have seen from her work—the pamphlets of Bai Mao Nu, I believe she had succeeded in drawing the age she lived on the pamphlets of Bai Mao Nu. Almost every single person she drew is true to life and the pamphlets on the whole also used the Montage way to build the person so as to make him or her more real and closer to life. At the very beginning, the main female character who is also the Bai Mao Nu in the later story, (Bai Mao Nu in China means the lady with white hair but is weird and scary which express the exploitation of the society at that time) named Xier living with her father in the poor Chinese countryside. In the beginning of the story, Xier is waiting for her father to come back home since it’s almost the Eve of Chinese year when every family member will come home to gather together as the reunion. Xier is waiting so worriedly that she even thought her father came back when a blast of wind blow the door of her house[footnoteRef:1]. From here we can see how much Xier is worried about her father and how she cared about him. Later when her father finally comes back, the father try to become more tiredly so that the wheat he hides in his arms will not be found by the ...

1. First paper:
students will skim the selection of pamphlets available in
digital format at the Center for Research Libraries Global
Resource Network (https://dds.crl.edu/search/collection/1).
I chose (https://dds.crl.edu/item/201461) Bai Mao Nu By Jiang
Yan.
The essays should identify the central message of the pamphlet
and explain how that message is conveyed in text and image.
Comments:
You have some good descriptions, but your paper's argument is
unclear. Your paper tends to simply summarize the story
without trying to interpret and analyze the main message.
An Analysis of the Pamphlets named Bai Mao Nu
As some of the Americans may remember, China had had one
extremely suffering hundred years in the 20th century. In this
essay, I will mainly discuss about the first half one hundred
years when the story of Bai Mao Nu came into being. During
the one hundred years, there had been the Republic of China in
1912. With the lead of Sun Yat-sen, Kuomintang succeeded in a
series of fighting against the old power of Qing Dynasty.
Another party which later rocked the world known as the
Communist Party came into being in July, 1921. The purpose of
the Communist Party is simply the purpose of every normal one
in China.
Today, in the pamphlets I am going to analyze and discuss, the
back ground is just at that suffering time. To begin with, I will
discuss the author or painter of the pamphlets—Jiang Yan who
was born in 1919 when the China is in its most difficult time
that almost everywhere of China is in a total mass. After
studying Chinese modern flower and bird painting in Beijing,
she began to advocate that a painter should draw his or her
drawing in the way of his or her age. That is to say, the work of

2. a painter should be able to express the age he or she lived. As
far as I have seen from her work—the pamphlets of Bai Mao
Nu, I believe she had succeeded in drawing the age she lived on
the pamphlets of Bai Mao Nu. Almost every single person she
drew is true to life and the pamphlets on the whole also used the
Montage way to build the person so as to make him or her more
real and closer to life.
At the very beginning, the main female character who is also
the Bai Mao Nu in the later story, (Bai Mao Nu in China means
the lady with white hair but is weird and scary which express
the exploitation of the society at that time) named Xier living
with her father in the poor Chinese countryside. In the
beginning of the story, Xier is waiting for her father to come
back home since it’s almost the Eve of Chinese year when every
family member will come home to gather together as the
reunion. Xier is waiting so worriedly that she even thought her
father came back when a blast of wind blow the door of her
house[footnoteRef:1]. From here we can see how much Xier is
worried about her father and how she cared about him. Later
when her father finally comes back, the father try to become
more tiredly so that the wheat he hides in his arms will not be
found by the landowner—Huang who always exploit the
farmers. All father ever wanted was her daughter to live
healthily and happily. Even if they are so poor that he is unable
to make up her daughter with lotion, he used a red line to tie up
her daughter’s hair so as to welcome the Chinese New Year
with a new and beautiful hairstyle. Here, we can see that no
matter what time it was in the old China, the pure love and
emotion of a poor father towards his precious daughter is
always moving, always trying to give her the best he could
while he himself always compromises. Just like the way they
two dressed. The daughter’s dress, not so fantasy though, is
always new and clean which is the best the father can give to
her daughter while father’s dress is old and dirty that there are
even many mends in his coat and pant. This on the whole also
showed that in the old feudal time, the life of this father and

3. daughter is not rich but good, living together and caring each
other. [1: Jiang Yan, Bai Mao Nu [The white-haired daughter]
(Zhi Shi Shu Dian,1949), 8.]
Nevertheless, as time went on, things had changed, since the
father is in debt to the landowner—Huang, Huang sent his man
to catch the father to pay off the money he owed Huang. Father
has no money so Huang finally force him to sell his daughter as
paying the money.[footnoteRef:2] Father has no choice since
the man of Huang is strong and he is weak and alone. Up to
now, the life of Xier in her old feudal time is going to get
worse. Father went back home to spend the seemingly happy but
suffering Chinese eve of New Year with her daughter and kind
neighbor. After the neighbor left, he felt lost and a great deal of
sorry for her beloved daughter. Then unfortunately, he commits
suicide. This is the ending of exploitation from the cruel
landowner towards poor and powerless farmers. In the old
China, this is always how the farmer was exploited by the
landowner, with their unreasonable rule to suck the precious
blood out of the farmers. Even when the country is in danger,
the landowner doesn’t care about the outside. To some degree,
they are also quite shortsighted, what can they gain and get
when the country is over and a totally different army land in the
countryside and steal everything they think they had from them?
This is what the old feudal culture brings. [2: Jiang Yan, Bai
Mao Nu [The white-haired daughter] (Zhi Shi Shu Dian,1949),
24.]
When father died, the man from the landowner Huang straightly
dragged Xier to Huang’s house. However, the masses around
them can do nothing about it even if they are all extremely mad
at the man from Huang. This is the old feudal times; every
farmer and worker is powerless and afraid to do the things they
are not supposed to do. It’s what the feudal culture brings.
Inside Huang’s house, after Xier was brought there, we see
Huang’s mother. She is an old lady who always worships

4. Buddha but is not a kind person at all. All she ever wanted was
her own and her son's profit. This depiction showed the negative
influence of feudal culture that caused no good. Xier’s life in
Huang’s house is poor and suffering. Huang’s mother is always
cruel and strict with her. All is not lost. There is at least one
person—Aunt Zhang in Huang’s house cares for her. She helped
Xier to escape when Huang wanted to covet her. From here, it’s
not difficult to see in the Chinese old feudal times, even if the
society is getting worse, there is still someone out there caring
for others, which revealed the pure emotion of Chinese normal
farmers. However, eventually, Xier was still raped by Huang.
What’s worse, Huang is not willing to marry her and is going to
marry another beautiful lady in town. One day when Xier did
something extremely wrong, she had no choice but to run for
her life. Then she was so afraid to be found by the man from
Huang that she hid herself inside a hole up in the mountain.
Gradually, since she didn’t have much to eat, her hair turned
white as the result of innutrition. This is the terrifying result the
old Chinese feudal society can bring to a person. How horrible
it is…All I can say is that the old Chinese feudal society had
turned Xier, a most purely country girl into a ghost, who was
out of the society. She suffered a lot in the mountain hole,
stealing food in the temple to feed herself and her child with
paradox. What’s worse, her white hair caused by innutrition
also result in her misrecognition by the villagers as the ghost.
How horrible it is to have the people you used to know and live
together misrecognized you as a horrible ghost?! (Because of
her long stay in the cave, the hair became white. The two men
took her for monster and ran away. Hsile (English translated
version for Xier) recognized her enemies and followed and
throw things at them.[footnoteRef:3] For so many times, she
had thought of killing them both. Finally, she was found by Da
Chun, the boy she used to date in private for Da Chun joined the
Red Army and by 1945s, Red Army which is led by the
Communist Party defeated the Japanese invaders and save China
out of the danger. For now, it’s time to save the old China out

5. of the old feudal culture and society. Red Army from the
Communist Party stopped the feudal culture of old China, Da
Chun recognized Bai Mao Nu as his friend in young hood--Xier
and she became Xier again. (Dah-su ran back to give the
message. Dah-tsun took the child and Hsile out of the cave,
from thence she lived under bright day
again.[footnoteRef:4]Eventually, they gather the masses
together and catch Huang and his men, claiming their sins as the
rude landowners. In the end, they executed Huang so as the
arrival of a new time. [3: Jiang Yan, Bai Mao Nu [The white-
haired daughter] (Zhi Shi Shu Dian,1949), 172.] [4: Jiang Yan,
Bai Mao Nu [The white-haired daughter] (Zhi Shi Shu
Dian,1949), 194.]
As is simply shown above, the old feudal Chinese society had
turn a person into ghost, yet the newly fresh society led by 8th
army turned the ghost—Bai Mao Nu back to a person in flesh.
Bibliography:
Jiang Yan, Bai Mao Nu (The white-haired daughter) (Zhi Shi
Shu Dian), 1949.
History final paper
The final paper project focused on the contextualization and
analysis of pamphlets produced as mass education and political
communication materials in the early years of the People’s
Republic of China. The goal of this assignment is for students
to use primary source materials produced in the context of
China’s communist revolution to develop an original historical
argument.
First paper: students will skim the selection of pamphlets
available in digital format at the Center for Research Libraries
Global Resource Network
(https://dds.crl.edu/search/collection/1).

6. The essays should identify the central message of the pamphlet
and explain how that message is conveyed in text and image.
The final paper for this course should build on the work you
completed in the first essay. Identify a topic or theme of focus
from the pamphlet that you worked on in your first essay. For
example, some of the pamphlets deal with US imperialism, class
oppression, or Cold War politics. Identify at least five academic
books or articles on this topic and write an essay that provides
the background for the historical context and content of your
original pamphlet and at least one additional pamphlet or source
from the same collection. You may incorporate arguments and
analysis from your first paper into this assignment as well. In
short, the paper should make an argument about some aspect of
China’s revolutionary history, and then demonstrate how that
aspect was portrayed and communicated in propaganda and
mass education materials.
five academic books or articles:
Your grade will depend on the following:
1. The strength and originality of your argument (this means
that you should make sure you have a clear and identifiable
thesis statement).
2. The overall organization and coherence of the paper.
3. Your integration of specific examples to support your
arguments. Use examples from your sources and make sure you
cite appropriately, even when you are not quoting directly.
Citations should follow the format established by the Chicago
Manual of Style. You will find the quick guide for this here:
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
4. Grammar and spelling—make sure you proofread!