Covid 19 pandemic outbreak has resulted in unrest, medical emergency, uncertainty and global economic slowdown. It has also resulted in wide open gap and unforeseen inadequacy in investment in pandemic preparedness and response. Though a number of guidelines, protocols, panel and commissions have been set up for recommendations and preparedness on how to better identify, handle, prevent, respond in such cases, government seems to struggle to reconcile and take the advantage edge out of the lockdown as at the primary stage if preparedness and response was taken, it would have not created conflict between health, economy and livelihoods. A citizen centric support to government interventions and protocols given if followed by the citizens shall strengthen government machinery and planning.
HFG Indonesia Strategic Health PurchasingHFG Project
The document summarizes the findings of a strategic health purchasing review in Indonesia. Key findings include:
1) JKN coverage has expanded significantly but expenditures are growing faster than revenues, threatening sustainability.
2) Indonesia spends a low amount on health compared to international standards given its commitment to universal coverage.
3) Strategic purchasing, which involves defining benefits and payments to providers, can improve efficiency and quality while maintaining coverage. However, purchasing functions in Indonesia remain split between agencies limiting its effectiveness.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the effect of strategic planning on the implementation of the second HIV Program Development Project (HPDPII) in Abuja, Nigeria by civil society organizations (CSOs).
The study found a positive significant relationship between strategic planning and HPDPII implementation, though the effect size was small. CSOs that had clear, well-defined written vision and mission statements were found to have a better chance of successful project implementation.
The document provides background on HIV/AIDS rates and programs in Nigeria, and discusses the roles of the National Agency for the Control of AIDS and CSOs in the country's HIV/AIDS response. It reviews literature on strategic planning and
Text of the Address by His Excellency, Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON
Governor, Ekiti State, & Chairman, Nigeria Governors’ Forum
titled: THE ROLE OF NIGERIA’S STATE GOVERNMENTS IN RECOVERY: RESPONSES TO COVID-19 LINKED CHALLENGES at Chatham House Event, London, UK
Mobilizing Domestic Resources for Universal Health Coverage by Dr. Ngozi Okon...Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Keynote Address Delivered by Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Chair of the Board of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance at The First Universal Health Coverage Financing Forum Organised by the World Bank Group, and USAID Attended by Health and Finance Ministers and Health Experts.
STRATEGIC AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS OF THE WESTERN CAPE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ...Amanda Brinkmann
STRATEGIC AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS OF THE WESTERN CAPE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND THE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS FUNCTION IN CONTEXT OF THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA
AN ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES AND STRATEGIC IMPERATIVES AND DIRECTIONS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF THE WESTERN CAPE GOVERNMENT AND SPECIFICALLY OF THE Western Cape DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
HEALTH, WELLNESS and SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AS DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND REDUCTION OF INEQUALITY
PARTNERSHIPS, COLLABORATION, CO-CREATION, CO-PRODUCTION: CREATING AN ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
TOWARDS ACHIEVING NATIONAL, PROVINCIAL, LOCAL AND SOCIETAL STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES WITHIN RESTRICTED BUDGETARY ENVIRONMENT
Monitoring progress towards universal health coverage at country and global l...The Rockefeller Foundation
A movement towards universal health coverage (UHC) – ensuring that everyone who needs health services is able to get them, without undue financial hardship – has been growing across the globe (1). This has led to a sharp increase in the demand for expertise, evidence and measures of progress and a push to make UHC one of the goals of the post-2015 development agenda (2). This paper proposes a framework for tracking country and global progress towards UHC; its aim is to inform and guide these discussions and assessment of both aggregate and equitable coverage of essential health services as well as financial protection. Monitoring progress towards these two components of UHC will be complementary and critical to achieving desirable health outcome goals, such as ending preventable deaths and promoting healthy life expectancy and also reducing poverty and protecting household incomes.
This paper was written jointly by the World Health Organization (WHO) and The World Bank Group on the basis of consultations and discussions with country representatives, technical experts and global health and development partners (3). A draft of this paper was posted online and circulated widely for consultation between December 2013 and February 2014. Nearly 70 submissions were received from countries, development partners, civil society, academics and other interested stakeholders. The feedback was synthesized and reviewed at a meeting of country and global experts in Bellagio, Italy, in March 2014 (4). The paper was modified to reflect the views emerging from these consultations.
This document discusses economic growth and development in the Philippines. It defines economic growth as the increase in goods and services over time, typically measured by GDP growth rate. Economic development looks more broadly at factors like income, education, health, and living standards. The Philippines has experienced strong GDP growth of 7.3% in recent years. The Philippine Development Plan for 2011-2016 aims to pursue inclusive growth through high employment, poverty reduction, and good governance. Key strategies include boosting competitiveness, accelerating infrastructure, developing financial sectors, and investing in social development, peace, and environmental protection.
Budget implementation and economic growth in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This study examines the impact of budget implementation on economic growth in Nigeria from 1993 to 2010. The researcher developed an econometric model using gross domestic product (GDP) as the dependent variable and public total expenditure, public recurrent expenditure, public capital expenditure, and external debt as independent variables. The results of the ordinary least squares regression analysis show that budget implementation has a positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Specifically, GDP was found to have a positive relationship with public total expenditure and public recurrent expenditure, while it had a negative relationship with public capital expenditure and external debt. The study recommends that the government increase capital expenditure relative to recurrent expenditure and enact laws to ensure budgets are implemented according to plans in order to promote growth and development.
HFG Indonesia Strategic Health PurchasingHFG Project
The document summarizes the findings of a strategic health purchasing review in Indonesia. Key findings include:
1) JKN coverage has expanded significantly but expenditures are growing faster than revenues, threatening sustainability.
2) Indonesia spends a low amount on health compared to international standards given its commitment to universal coverage.
3) Strategic purchasing, which involves defining benefits and payments to providers, can improve efficiency and quality while maintaining coverage. However, purchasing functions in Indonesia remain split between agencies limiting its effectiveness.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the effect of strategic planning on the implementation of the second HIV Program Development Project (HPDPII) in Abuja, Nigeria by civil society organizations (CSOs).
The study found a positive significant relationship between strategic planning and HPDPII implementation, though the effect size was small. CSOs that had clear, well-defined written vision and mission statements were found to have a better chance of successful project implementation.
The document provides background on HIV/AIDS rates and programs in Nigeria, and discusses the roles of the National Agency for the Control of AIDS and CSOs in the country's HIV/AIDS response. It reviews literature on strategic planning and
Text of the Address by His Excellency, Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON
Governor, Ekiti State, & Chairman, Nigeria Governors’ Forum
titled: THE ROLE OF NIGERIA’S STATE GOVERNMENTS IN RECOVERY: RESPONSES TO COVID-19 LINKED CHALLENGES at Chatham House Event, London, UK
Mobilizing Domestic Resources for Universal Health Coverage by Dr. Ngozi Okon...Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Keynote Address Delivered by Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Chair of the Board of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance at The First Universal Health Coverage Financing Forum Organised by the World Bank Group, and USAID Attended by Health and Finance Ministers and Health Experts.
STRATEGIC AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS OF THE WESTERN CAPE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ...Amanda Brinkmann
STRATEGIC AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS OF THE WESTERN CAPE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND THE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS FUNCTION IN CONTEXT OF THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA
AN ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES AND STRATEGIC IMPERATIVES AND DIRECTIONS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF THE WESTERN CAPE GOVERNMENT AND SPECIFICALLY OF THE Western Cape DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
HEALTH, WELLNESS and SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AS DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND REDUCTION OF INEQUALITY
PARTNERSHIPS, COLLABORATION, CO-CREATION, CO-PRODUCTION: CREATING AN ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
TOWARDS ACHIEVING NATIONAL, PROVINCIAL, LOCAL AND SOCIETAL STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES WITHIN RESTRICTED BUDGETARY ENVIRONMENT
Monitoring progress towards universal health coverage at country and global l...The Rockefeller Foundation
A movement towards universal health coverage (UHC) – ensuring that everyone who needs health services is able to get them, without undue financial hardship – has been growing across the globe (1). This has led to a sharp increase in the demand for expertise, evidence and measures of progress and a push to make UHC one of the goals of the post-2015 development agenda (2). This paper proposes a framework for tracking country and global progress towards UHC; its aim is to inform and guide these discussions and assessment of both aggregate and equitable coverage of essential health services as well as financial protection. Monitoring progress towards these two components of UHC will be complementary and critical to achieving desirable health outcome goals, such as ending preventable deaths and promoting healthy life expectancy and also reducing poverty and protecting household incomes.
This paper was written jointly by the World Health Organization (WHO) and The World Bank Group on the basis of consultations and discussions with country representatives, technical experts and global health and development partners (3). A draft of this paper was posted online and circulated widely for consultation between December 2013 and February 2014. Nearly 70 submissions were received from countries, development partners, civil society, academics and other interested stakeholders. The feedback was synthesized and reviewed at a meeting of country and global experts in Bellagio, Italy, in March 2014 (4). The paper was modified to reflect the views emerging from these consultations.
This document discusses economic growth and development in the Philippines. It defines economic growth as the increase in goods and services over time, typically measured by GDP growth rate. Economic development looks more broadly at factors like income, education, health, and living standards. The Philippines has experienced strong GDP growth of 7.3% in recent years. The Philippine Development Plan for 2011-2016 aims to pursue inclusive growth through high employment, poverty reduction, and good governance. Key strategies include boosting competitiveness, accelerating infrastructure, developing financial sectors, and investing in social development, peace, and environmental protection.
Budget implementation and economic growth in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This study examines the impact of budget implementation on economic growth in Nigeria from 1993 to 2010. The researcher developed an econometric model using gross domestic product (GDP) as the dependent variable and public total expenditure, public recurrent expenditure, public capital expenditure, and external debt as independent variables. The results of the ordinary least squares regression analysis show that budget implementation has a positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Specifically, GDP was found to have a positive relationship with public total expenditure and public recurrent expenditure, while it had a negative relationship with public capital expenditure and external debt. The study recommends that the government increase capital expenditure relative to recurrent expenditure and enact laws to ensure budgets are implemented according to plans in order to promote growth and development.
The health of a people to a very large extent determines their productivity and wealth. The 2010
Population and Housing Census indicates that a significant proportion of the Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo District in
Ghana (over 75%) are living below the poverty line of GH¢228.00 per annum (approximately US $120 per
annum). It then implies that approximately the same proportion or even a little above that might not be able to
access health care under the ‘cash and carry’ system. Inability to access health care will lead to poor health
status of the residents and thus lower their productivity.
This document summarizes a study on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Botswana. It finds that HIV/AIDS has had a substantial negative impact on Botswana's economy, reducing average real GDP growth by 1.5-2% per year without widespread ART provision. ART provision offsets some negative impacts, but HIV/AIDS still reduces growth by around 1.2% per year and lowers the economy by 23% compared to a scenario without HIV/AIDS. The study updates previous analyses and models the economic effects through 2021 under different scenarios.
National progress report on the implementation of the hyogo framework for actionThành Nguyễn
This National Progress Report Lao PDR is facilitated by UNISDR and the ISDR partnership. This report assesses the progress of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2013-2015). It assesses the current national strategic priorities with regard to the implementation of disaster risk reduction actions. The report establishes baselines on levels of progress achieved with respect to the implementation of the HFA’S five priorities for action.
Capital Investment in Health Systems: What is the latest thinking?HFG Project
Capital investment in health typically refers to large expenditures in construction of hospitals and other facilities, investment in diagnostic and treatment technologies, and information technology platforms. These investments are characterized by their longevity and they are critical to efforts to improve healthcare quality and efficiency. Contrary to developed countries where there is well documented experience on capital investment in the health sector, including use of public private partnerships for the investment; there is little evidence on capital investment in health from low and middle income countries.
This work was undertaken to add to the HFG’s knowledge and learning strategy by clarifying what good practice guidance exists in capital benchmark in LMICs health sectors, as well as the HFG project’s experience in the area. This brief will be of value to all those interested in the planning and financing the capital investment in the health sector. This includes politicians, planners, managers, health professionals, architects, designers, and researchers in both the public and private sectors.
Anticipatory Measures for Policy Success: Beyond the Crafting of the National...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: There is a growing enthusiasm and increasing demands for social protection policy in Nigeria. Although there is now a draft National Social Protection Policy (NSPP) in Nigeria, the apparent inherent contradictory or centrifugal tendencies that characterised the crafting of the NSPP must be carefully managed and resolved, especially at the implementation phase to guarantee the realisation of policy success. Informed by these antecedents, anticipatory measures for policy success must be deliberately put in place in advance and meticulously followed during the implementation phase. Four of such anticipatory measures are identified here in this policy action oriented article
"The future of healthcare in Africa: progress on five healthcare scenarios", a new report written by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and sponsored by Janssen, explores Africa's recent progress on several major healthcare challenges. The report looks at the continent's increasing focus on primary and preventive care, the empowerment of communities as healthcare providers, the extension of universal healthcare, the spread of telemedicine, and the role of international donors.
Benchmarks for an effective and accountable australian aid program january2014Dr Lendy Spires
The document discusses proposed benchmarks for an effective and accountable Australian aid program. It recommends 8 benchmarks: 1) Aid is guided by a comprehensive policy statement. 2) Aid is targeted at inclusive growth for the poorest populations. 3) Aid promotes peace, security and governance. 4) Aid ensures environmental sustainability. 5) Aid delivers effective partnerships. 6) Aid supports civil society and people-to-people links. 7) Aid has predictability, transparency and accountability. 8) Aid utilizes expertise, evidence and innovation. The document argues that benchmarks should reflect best practices and internationally agreed standards to create a high quality, results-oriented aid program.
This document discusses disaster management in India. It begins by outlining India's vulnerability to natural disasters and the large human and economic toll they often take. It then describes India's institutional and policy framework for disaster management, including the establishment of new authorities at the national, state, district, block and village levels to shift the focus from post-disaster response to also emphasize prevention, mitigation and preparedness. Key agencies coordinate response efforts, and funding mechanisms support relief activities.
This study aims to analyze the effect of the National Health Insurance Program on
Economic Growth, HDI and Poverty. It analyzes the Effect of Health Government
Expenditures on Economic Growth, HDI and Poverty. It analyzes the Effect of
Government Spending on Health Infrastructure on Economic Growth, HDI and
Poverty. It analyzes the Effects of Economic Growth and HDI as Mediation on the
Effect of JKN on Health and Infrastructure Expenditures on Hospitals for Poverty.
Data analysis using the path analysis approach. To support quantitative analysis, the
Path Analysisapproach is used. The results showed that the National Health Insurance
program significantly affected Economic Growth. Health government spending
greatly influences economic growth. Government expenditure on Hospital
Infrastructure greatly influences Economic Growth. Economic growth does not
mediate the effect of National Health Insurance on the level of Poverty through
Economic Growth and the Human Development Index as an Intervening Variable. The
National Health Insurance does not affect the level of poverty through Economic
Growth and the Human Development Index. Health expenditure does not affect the
level of poverty through economic growth and the human development index as an
intervening variable. Hospital Infrastructure Development does not affect the level of
Poverty through Economic Growth and the Human Development Index as an
Intervening Variable.
Getting Health’s Slice of the Pie: Domestic Resource Mobilization for HealthHFG Project
Many low- and middle-income countries have experienced strong economic growth in recent years, resulting in increased capacity for social sector spending. Net energy importers have further benefited from falling fossil fuel prices. At the same time donors are preparing to scale back development assistance, including support for global health initiatives. Responding to a lack of practical guidance on how countries can mobilize more domestic resources for the health sector, the Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project organized a series of joint learning workshops to promote knowledge exchange, share new and existing resources, and support countries in a DRM-for-health action planning process.
Developing Haiti’s First Health Financing StrategyHFG Project
The Ministry has an approved National Health Policy, known as the Politique Nationale de Santé, which addresses “what” is to be done. In addition, the Ministry is developing a National Health Plan that lays out “how” the National Health Policy will be made operational. However, the Ministry of Health does not yet have a national health financing strategy that outlines “where” resources will come from and “how” they will be used to achieve the country’s health objectives.
To bridge this important gap, the HFG project is working with the Planning and Evaluation Unit of the Ministry of Health to develop a national health financing strategy that will include an operational plan consisting of specific activities, timelines, and an overall health budget. The strategy will focus on the three core functions of health financing: mobilization of resources; pooling of risks and financial protection; and purchasing and provider payment. A strategy mapping out these core health financing functions will enable Haiti to raise the necessary resources, better protect people from the financial consequences of ill health, and make optimum use of resources to achieve the National Health Plan’s vision.
The health financing strategy will serve as a road map, particularly when it is combined with data from the second National Health Accounts, which the HFG project is also supporting, and a fully costed National Health Plan. Together, they will provide strong evidence and powerful justification for increased health financing in the future to improve Haiti’s health outcomes.
Sustaining the HIV and AIDS Response in St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Inves...HFG Project
National surveillance reports estimate that there were about 649 persons living with HIV in St. Vincent and the Grenadines at the end of 2011, which translates to 1.2% of the adult population (15-49 years) or 0.7% of the total population. The epidemic is male-dominant, illustrated by the fact that the cumulative case reporting from 1984-2013 indicates that 60.6% of new cases are reported among males and 38.1% females (1.3% unknown). In response to the growing epidemic, the country quickly scaled up its national HIV/AIDS program in 2004. While care and treatment remains a high priority, St. Vincent and the Grenadines has devoted significant resources to preventative activities, including HIV counseling and rapid testing, education and workplace programs, and other behavioral interventions.
Despite a marked decline in HIV and AIDS cases, significant challenges for the country’s response remain. Close to 20% of persons with advanced HIV infection discontinue treatment within 12 months of initiation, suggesting the need to reinforce adherence and retention to care. The country also faces an imminent decline in donor funding and domestic reprioritization of chronic and non-communicable diseases; without renewed sources of external funding or greater domestic resources allocated to HIV/AIDS, progress made since 2004 could regress.
In response to these challenges, key priorities outlined in the country’s strategic framework (2014-2025) include: 1) institutionalizing HIV education through collaborative programs with different sectors, 2) targeting high risk groups, 3) strengthening HIV testing and counseling, including routine testing for pregnant women and, 4) ensuring access and retention to care and treatment for those with HIV and AIDS and TB. St. Vincent and the Grenadines has also taken steps to integrate HIV and AIDS services into the broader health system and included the HIV and AIDS program as part of the Ministry of Health, Environment and Wellness’ overall health framework. These actions are the beginning of efforts to improve access to care, reduce costs, and improve efficiencies.
Health care financing in Saudi Arabia is provided mainly through government revenues, accounting for approximately 80% of total health care spending. Government spending on health as a percentage of the national budget has risen from 2.8% in 1970 to 6.4% in 2004. The remaining sources of health care financing include private sources such as personal out-of-pocket payments and employer-sponsored health insurance programs.
This document discusses strengthening health emergency preparedness and response capacities in the Republic of Moldova. It notes that the European Region faces health threats from infectious diseases, natural disasters, and other emergencies. A Joint External Evaluation found that Moldova has some strengths in public health legislation but needs to strengthen specific capacities like surveillance systems, multisectoral coordination, and long-term preparedness planning. The WHO supports Moldova's response to health emergencies and recommends developing a national action plan to build sustainable emergency capacities as part of achieving universal health coverage.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project, led by Abt Associates, works with developing countries to expand access to healthcare. It helps countries increase domestic health funding, manage resources effectively, and make wise purchasing decisions. The project provides technical assistance in over 40 countries on improving health financing, governance, management systems, and measuring universal health coverage progress.
Infrastructure a critical public policy issue that faces the kenyan nation ...Beatrice Amollo
This paper focuses on infrastructure as one of Kenya's most critical issues, as it impacts social and economic progress. Infrastructure development is needed to attract private investment and spur economic growth, but Kenya's infrastructure investment levels are far below what is required. Some key infrastructure challenges Kenya faces include inadequate electricity, roads, ports, schools and hospitals. To address these issues, Kenya must increase infrastructure funding, pursue public-private partnerships, and develop practical policies that encourage cooperation across all sectors of society.
Poverty Reduction and Government Expenditure on Social Safety Net Bangladesh ...ijtsrd
Poverty reduction is the most important challenge for Bangladesh and the social safety net SSN program is the mainstay of poverty alleviation strategies. Over the last decade, the country has increased safety net budget significantly and has achieved remarkable success in poverty reduction. The Government of Bangladesh has allocated 7.65 billion US dollars for social safety net programs in the financial year 2018 2019, but this expenditure is not sufficient in the context of the present situation. Insufficient tax revenue is the main barrier to effective public spending. In addition, institutional incapacity and poor tax compliance made the country's tax GDP ratio is only 10.6 . To become a poverty free nation, Bangladesh needs a sufficient revenue base to spend on SSN program. Shake Mohammed Humayun Kabir "Poverty Reduction and Government Expenditure on Social Safety Net: Bangladesh Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25277.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/25277/poverty-reduction-and-government-expenditure-on-social-safety-net-bangladesh-perspective/shake-mohammed-humayun-kabir
This document discusses the relationship between health expenditure and development. It notes that public health expenditure is important for both fighting diseases and promoting economic development. Health is considered a form of human capital. The document then examines several indicators of development in India, such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate, finding that they have generally improved but some targets have not yet been met. It analyzes trends in these health outcomes over time and relationships to factors like health expenditure. The conclusion is that greater investment in efficient, equitable health services can lead to better health status, human capital, reduced poverty, and improved economic development.
Crossing the Rubicon: Post Covid-19 PolicyKan Yuenyong
The document discusses development policy strategies for post-COVID resilience and recovery. It notes that COVID has exposed weaknesses in economies and increased inequalities. Key issues for sustainable recovery include better health/well-being, cleaner air, public participation, equitable resilience, and pursuing a green/digital/inclusive transformation. Fiscal policy priorities are continuing support, implementing measures efficiently, and pursuing medium-term strategies. Global cooperation is needed on public health and stimulating growth.
The health of a people to a very large extent determines their productivity and wealth. The 2010
Population and Housing Census indicates that a significant proportion of the Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo District in
Ghana (over 75%) are living below the poverty line of GH¢228.00 per annum (approximately US $120 per
annum). It then implies that approximately the same proportion or even a little above that might not be able to
access health care under the ‘cash and carry’ system. Inability to access health care will lead to poor health
status of the residents and thus lower their productivity.
This document summarizes a study on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Botswana. It finds that HIV/AIDS has had a substantial negative impact on Botswana's economy, reducing average real GDP growth by 1.5-2% per year without widespread ART provision. ART provision offsets some negative impacts, but HIV/AIDS still reduces growth by around 1.2% per year and lowers the economy by 23% compared to a scenario without HIV/AIDS. The study updates previous analyses and models the economic effects through 2021 under different scenarios.
National progress report on the implementation of the hyogo framework for actionThành Nguyễn
This National Progress Report Lao PDR is facilitated by UNISDR and the ISDR partnership. This report assesses the progress of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2013-2015). It assesses the current national strategic priorities with regard to the implementation of disaster risk reduction actions. The report establishes baselines on levels of progress achieved with respect to the implementation of the HFA’S five priorities for action.
Capital Investment in Health Systems: What is the latest thinking?HFG Project
Capital investment in health typically refers to large expenditures in construction of hospitals and other facilities, investment in diagnostic and treatment technologies, and information technology platforms. These investments are characterized by their longevity and they are critical to efforts to improve healthcare quality and efficiency. Contrary to developed countries where there is well documented experience on capital investment in the health sector, including use of public private partnerships for the investment; there is little evidence on capital investment in health from low and middle income countries.
This work was undertaken to add to the HFG’s knowledge and learning strategy by clarifying what good practice guidance exists in capital benchmark in LMICs health sectors, as well as the HFG project’s experience in the area. This brief will be of value to all those interested in the planning and financing the capital investment in the health sector. This includes politicians, planners, managers, health professionals, architects, designers, and researchers in both the public and private sectors.
Anticipatory Measures for Policy Success: Beyond the Crafting of the National...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: There is a growing enthusiasm and increasing demands for social protection policy in Nigeria. Although there is now a draft National Social Protection Policy (NSPP) in Nigeria, the apparent inherent contradictory or centrifugal tendencies that characterised the crafting of the NSPP must be carefully managed and resolved, especially at the implementation phase to guarantee the realisation of policy success. Informed by these antecedents, anticipatory measures for policy success must be deliberately put in place in advance and meticulously followed during the implementation phase. Four of such anticipatory measures are identified here in this policy action oriented article
"The future of healthcare in Africa: progress on five healthcare scenarios", a new report written by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and sponsored by Janssen, explores Africa's recent progress on several major healthcare challenges. The report looks at the continent's increasing focus on primary and preventive care, the empowerment of communities as healthcare providers, the extension of universal healthcare, the spread of telemedicine, and the role of international donors.
Benchmarks for an effective and accountable australian aid program january2014Dr Lendy Spires
The document discusses proposed benchmarks for an effective and accountable Australian aid program. It recommends 8 benchmarks: 1) Aid is guided by a comprehensive policy statement. 2) Aid is targeted at inclusive growth for the poorest populations. 3) Aid promotes peace, security and governance. 4) Aid ensures environmental sustainability. 5) Aid delivers effective partnerships. 6) Aid supports civil society and people-to-people links. 7) Aid has predictability, transparency and accountability. 8) Aid utilizes expertise, evidence and innovation. The document argues that benchmarks should reflect best practices and internationally agreed standards to create a high quality, results-oriented aid program.
This document discusses disaster management in India. It begins by outlining India's vulnerability to natural disasters and the large human and economic toll they often take. It then describes India's institutional and policy framework for disaster management, including the establishment of new authorities at the national, state, district, block and village levels to shift the focus from post-disaster response to also emphasize prevention, mitigation and preparedness. Key agencies coordinate response efforts, and funding mechanisms support relief activities.
This study aims to analyze the effect of the National Health Insurance Program on
Economic Growth, HDI and Poverty. It analyzes the Effect of Health Government
Expenditures on Economic Growth, HDI and Poverty. It analyzes the Effect of
Government Spending on Health Infrastructure on Economic Growth, HDI and
Poverty. It analyzes the Effects of Economic Growth and HDI as Mediation on the
Effect of JKN on Health and Infrastructure Expenditures on Hospitals for Poverty.
Data analysis using the path analysis approach. To support quantitative analysis, the
Path Analysisapproach is used. The results showed that the National Health Insurance
program significantly affected Economic Growth. Health government spending
greatly influences economic growth. Government expenditure on Hospital
Infrastructure greatly influences Economic Growth. Economic growth does not
mediate the effect of National Health Insurance on the level of Poverty through
Economic Growth and the Human Development Index as an Intervening Variable. The
National Health Insurance does not affect the level of poverty through Economic
Growth and the Human Development Index. Health expenditure does not affect the
level of poverty through economic growth and the human development index as an
intervening variable. Hospital Infrastructure Development does not affect the level of
Poverty through Economic Growth and the Human Development Index as an
Intervening Variable.
Getting Health’s Slice of the Pie: Domestic Resource Mobilization for HealthHFG Project
Many low- and middle-income countries have experienced strong economic growth in recent years, resulting in increased capacity for social sector spending. Net energy importers have further benefited from falling fossil fuel prices. At the same time donors are preparing to scale back development assistance, including support for global health initiatives. Responding to a lack of practical guidance on how countries can mobilize more domestic resources for the health sector, the Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project organized a series of joint learning workshops to promote knowledge exchange, share new and existing resources, and support countries in a DRM-for-health action planning process.
Developing Haiti’s First Health Financing StrategyHFG Project
The Ministry has an approved National Health Policy, known as the Politique Nationale de Santé, which addresses “what” is to be done. In addition, the Ministry is developing a National Health Plan that lays out “how” the National Health Policy will be made operational. However, the Ministry of Health does not yet have a national health financing strategy that outlines “where” resources will come from and “how” they will be used to achieve the country’s health objectives.
To bridge this important gap, the HFG project is working with the Planning and Evaluation Unit of the Ministry of Health to develop a national health financing strategy that will include an operational plan consisting of specific activities, timelines, and an overall health budget. The strategy will focus on the three core functions of health financing: mobilization of resources; pooling of risks and financial protection; and purchasing and provider payment. A strategy mapping out these core health financing functions will enable Haiti to raise the necessary resources, better protect people from the financial consequences of ill health, and make optimum use of resources to achieve the National Health Plan’s vision.
The health financing strategy will serve as a road map, particularly when it is combined with data from the second National Health Accounts, which the HFG project is also supporting, and a fully costed National Health Plan. Together, they will provide strong evidence and powerful justification for increased health financing in the future to improve Haiti’s health outcomes.
Sustaining the HIV and AIDS Response in St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Inves...HFG Project
National surveillance reports estimate that there were about 649 persons living with HIV in St. Vincent and the Grenadines at the end of 2011, which translates to 1.2% of the adult population (15-49 years) or 0.7% of the total population. The epidemic is male-dominant, illustrated by the fact that the cumulative case reporting from 1984-2013 indicates that 60.6% of new cases are reported among males and 38.1% females (1.3% unknown). In response to the growing epidemic, the country quickly scaled up its national HIV/AIDS program in 2004. While care and treatment remains a high priority, St. Vincent and the Grenadines has devoted significant resources to preventative activities, including HIV counseling and rapid testing, education and workplace programs, and other behavioral interventions.
Despite a marked decline in HIV and AIDS cases, significant challenges for the country’s response remain. Close to 20% of persons with advanced HIV infection discontinue treatment within 12 months of initiation, suggesting the need to reinforce adherence and retention to care. The country also faces an imminent decline in donor funding and domestic reprioritization of chronic and non-communicable diseases; without renewed sources of external funding or greater domestic resources allocated to HIV/AIDS, progress made since 2004 could regress.
In response to these challenges, key priorities outlined in the country’s strategic framework (2014-2025) include: 1) institutionalizing HIV education through collaborative programs with different sectors, 2) targeting high risk groups, 3) strengthening HIV testing and counseling, including routine testing for pregnant women and, 4) ensuring access and retention to care and treatment for those with HIV and AIDS and TB. St. Vincent and the Grenadines has also taken steps to integrate HIV and AIDS services into the broader health system and included the HIV and AIDS program as part of the Ministry of Health, Environment and Wellness’ overall health framework. These actions are the beginning of efforts to improve access to care, reduce costs, and improve efficiencies.
Health care financing in Saudi Arabia is provided mainly through government revenues, accounting for approximately 80% of total health care spending. Government spending on health as a percentage of the national budget has risen from 2.8% in 1970 to 6.4% in 2004. The remaining sources of health care financing include private sources such as personal out-of-pocket payments and employer-sponsored health insurance programs.
This document discusses strengthening health emergency preparedness and response capacities in the Republic of Moldova. It notes that the European Region faces health threats from infectious diseases, natural disasters, and other emergencies. A Joint External Evaluation found that Moldova has some strengths in public health legislation but needs to strengthen specific capacities like surveillance systems, multisectoral coordination, and long-term preparedness planning. The WHO supports Moldova's response to health emergencies and recommends developing a national action plan to build sustainable emergency capacities as part of achieving universal health coverage.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project, led by Abt Associates, works with developing countries to expand access to healthcare. It helps countries increase domestic health funding, manage resources effectively, and make wise purchasing decisions. The project provides technical assistance in over 40 countries on improving health financing, governance, management systems, and measuring universal health coverage progress.
Infrastructure a critical public policy issue that faces the kenyan nation ...Beatrice Amollo
This paper focuses on infrastructure as one of Kenya's most critical issues, as it impacts social and economic progress. Infrastructure development is needed to attract private investment and spur economic growth, but Kenya's infrastructure investment levels are far below what is required. Some key infrastructure challenges Kenya faces include inadequate electricity, roads, ports, schools and hospitals. To address these issues, Kenya must increase infrastructure funding, pursue public-private partnerships, and develop practical policies that encourage cooperation across all sectors of society.
Poverty Reduction and Government Expenditure on Social Safety Net Bangladesh ...ijtsrd
Poverty reduction is the most important challenge for Bangladesh and the social safety net SSN program is the mainstay of poverty alleviation strategies. Over the last decade, the country has increased safety net budget significantly and has achieved remarkable success in poverty reduction. The Government of Bangladesh has allocated 7.65 billion US dollars for social safety net programs in the financial year 2018 2019, but this expenditure is not sufficient in the context of the present situation. Insufficient tax revenue is the main barrier to effective public spending. In addition, institutional incapacity and poor tax compliance made the country's tax GDP ratio is only 10.6 . To become a poverty free nation, Bangladesh needs a sufficient revenue base to spend on SSN program. Shake Mohammed Humayun Kabir "Poverty Reduction and Government Expenditure on Social Safety Net: Bangladesh Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25277.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/25277/poverty-reduction-and-government-expenditure-on-social-safety-net-bangladesh-perspective/shake-mohammed-humayun-kabir
This document discusses the relationship between health expenditure and development. It notes that public health expenditure is important for both fighting diseases and promoting economic development. Health is considered a form of human capital. The document then examines several indicators of development in India, such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate, finding that they have generally improved but some targets have not yet been met. It analyzes trends in these health outcomes over time and relationships to factors like health expenditure. The conclusion is that greater investment in efficient, equitable health services can lead to better health status, human capital, reduced poverty, and improved economic development.
Crossing the Rubicon: Post Covid-19 PolicyKan Yuenyong
The document discusses development policy strategies for post-COVID resilience and recovery. It notes that COVID has exposed weaknesses in economies and increased inequalities. Key issues for sustainable recovery include better health/well-being, cleaner air, public participation, equitable resilience, and pursuing a green/digital/inclusive transformation. Fiscal policy priorities are continuing support, implementing measures efficiently, and pursuing medium-term strategies. Global cooperation is needed on public health and stimulating growth.
The COVID-19 crisis is threatening the lives and well-being of the global community. Health, political, societal, and business leaders must drive an integrated response to navigate, manage, and lead through it.
This report provides the first global assessment of progress toward universal health coverage. It finds that while access to essential health services has increased globally, significant gaps remain. Coverage of key services like antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis treatment is below 80%, and inequities exist both between and within countries. The report establishes a core set of tracer indicators to monitor coverage of reproductive, maternal, child, and infectious disease services. It highlights both successes in expanding coverage and the ongoing need to address remaining gaps to achieve universal access to quality health care.
This document provides a summary of the G20 Rome Leaders' Declaration from their October 2021 summit. The following key points are made:
1) Leaders committed to overcoming the global health and economic crisis from the COVID-19 pandemic and advancing progress on sustainable development goals.
2) They agreed to further strengthen the global response to the pandemic by improving access to vaccines and supporting developing countries.
3) On health, leaders pledged to increase vaccine access and manufacturing capacity to help reach global vaccination targets. They also committed to strengthening pandemic preparedness.
4) On sustainable development, leaders reaffirmed their commitment to achieving the UN goals and supporting recovery efforts in developing countries impacted by the pandemic.
Texte de la déclaration finale du G20 de Rome, récapitulant les différents points décidés à l'occasion de ce sommet très important pour la mise en place du Great Reset.
This document discusses universal health coverage (UHC) and India's progress toward achieving it. It provides background on UHC, including definitions, objectives, and the global momentum behind it. It then examines India's current scenario, including existing schemes to promote UHC. Key recommendations from the High Level Expert Group on UHC include increasing public health spending, developing a national health package, and strengthening human resources and community participation. Achieving UHC would lead to benefits like greater equity, efficiency, and improved health outcomes. The document outlines the new architecture needed to achieve UHC through reforms in six critical areas.
The purpose of this presentation is to equip audiences with the ability to:
Define universal health coverage (UHC) and understand the basic tenets of UHC
Identify how UHC fits in USAID’s health and poverty reduction strategies
Effectively communicate to country stakeholders how USAID can support a country’s progress towards UHC
Identify relevant UHC resources within the Office of Health Systems and USAID
The presentation is part of the “UHC Toolkit” and accompanies Universal Health Coverage: An Annotated Bibliography, and Universal Health Coverage: Frequently Asked Questions.
DIRECTIONAL STRATEGIES REPORTDirectional strategies Report on the .docxmariona83
DIRECTIONAL STRATEGIES REPORTDirectional strategies Report on the CDC
Darlene Olurin
Capella University
Strategic healthcare Planning
May 2020
INTRODUCTION
The center for Disease, Control and Prevention (CDC) are a unique health organization with a unique mission. The CDC provide evidence-based medicine experience and assistance for domestic and global surveillance, laboratory, occupational health and epidemiology functions and health threats, such as the CoVID-19, infectious diseases, influenza etc. The CDC’s office of public health in preparedness and Response (OPHPR) provide strategic directions, support and coordination for activities across CDC as well as local, state, tribal, national, territorial and international public health partners (CDC, 2019).
Over the years, the CDC has developed a working and effective plan to tackle infectious diseases. A good example was the global response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic that affected more than 214 countries and territories. The CDC’s response at the time, was the most rapid and effective response to an influenza pandemic in history. Through an international donation program, the vaccine was made available to 86 countries. The experience of the2009 H1N1 influenza response, continues to inform preparedness efforts for other future pandemic and public health emergencies. However, federal and state budget cuts threaten the kind of success previously seen, as is evident during this current COVID-19 pandemic. The current presidential administration, shortly after being sworn in made some serious changes that affected the CDC’S response to the pandemic by getting rid of the teams put in place to tackle pandemics this greatly slowed the U’S’s response and lead to a wider spread of this virus. Also, innovation and creativity need to be increased to best utilize existing funds.
VISON, MIISSION AND VALUES OF THE CDC
The vision of the CDC is to create a healthier, safer world that is able to detect prevent and respond to public health threats (CDC, 2019).
The mission statement is to protect all Americans and people of the nations worldwide from public health threats by working with partners to build capacity, advance research and respond in times of crisis like during this current COVID-19 pandemic (CDC, 2019).
The CDC provide technical help, assistance and resources to state and local public health agencies to support the efforts in building and preparing resilient communities (CDC,2011).
To achieve the vision of the CDC, it is vital that stakeholders as across, public health, partners, private sectors, emergency department and other related bodies, work hand in hand.
The CDC will demonstrate leadership in public health preparedness and response by adhering to the following values they have in place:
· Engaging partners on and leveraging collaboration (a strength the TOWS matrix)
· Basing decisions on the best available science
· Encouraging effective communications and inform.
Universal health coverage (UHC)—ensuring that everyone has access to quality, affordable health services when needed—can be a vehicle for improved equity, health, financial well-being, and economic development. In its 2013 report, Global Health 2035, the Commission on Investing in Health (CIH) made the case that progressive (“pro-poor”) pathways towards UHC, which target the poor from the outset, are the most efficient way to achieve both improved health outcomes and increased financial protection (FP). Countries worldwide are now embarking on health system changes to move closer to achieving UHC, often with a clear pro-poor intent. While they can draw on guidance related to the technical aspects of UHC (the “what” of UHC), such as on service package design, there is less information on the “how” of UHC—that is, on how to maximize the chances of successful implementation.
Motivated by a shared interest in helping to close this information gap, a diverse international group of 21 practitioners and academics, including ministry of health officials and representatives of global health agencies and foundations, convened at The Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center for a three-day workshop from July 7–9, 2015. The participants shared their experiences of implementing UHC and discussed the limited evidence on how to implement UHC, focusing on a set of seven key “how” questions from across five domains of UHC.
This presentation was made by Andrew BLAZEY, OECD, at the 15th Annual Meeting of OECD-CESEE Senior Budget Officials held in Minsk, Belarus, on 4-5 July 2019
Prompted by the 20th anniversary of the 1993 World Development Report, a Lancet Commission revisited the case for investment in health and developed a new investment frame work to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035. Our report has four key messages, each accompanied by opportunities for action by national governments of low-income and middle-income countries and by the international community.
SFEE's Position Paper vaccines in EnglishPiecerosB
Vaccination programs are a crucial pillar of public health policy. They provide significant benefits not just for those vaccinated but for entire populations by building herd immunity. Vaccines save millions of lives worldwide each year and are highly cost effective investments that save costs in healthcare systems. Maintaining up-to-date vaccination programs that cover all age groups according to recommendations and establishing clear processes, goals, budgets and public awareness campaigns are important for optimizing vaccination programs and public health outcomes.
Universal Health Coverage: Frequently Asked QuestionsHFG Project
This brief answers several “frequently asked questions” (FAQ) on universal health coverage (UHC):
What is Universal Health Coverage (UHC)?
How does UHC align with USAID’s priorities?
How does UHC relate to broader goals for development, including the Sustainable Development Goals?
How is UHC measured?
What progress has been made towards UHC?
How does USAID support countries’ UHC efforts?
The FAQ accompanies Universal Health Coverage: An Annotated Bibliography, which presents resources that provide an overview of UHC and also delve into specific topics within UHC, such as measurement, health financing, and benefit plans. The bibliography also includes links to relevant websites that can provide additional resources.
This document provides background information for the Prince Mahidol Award Conference (PMAC) 2021. PMAC 2021 will address lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. It will explore how countries responded to the pandemic, the health and socioeconomic impacts, and how to better prepare for future crises. The conference will be held virtually in January 2021 with webinars beforehand. Topics will include national and international pandemic responses, health system impacts, broader social effects, and visions of a post-COVID world with a reshaped global order.
- South Asian countries need to focus on certain priorities to achieve a fair recovery from COVID-19 and make progress on development goals. Key priorities include providing universal healthcare, strengthening social protection especially for women, and reducing digital divides in education.
- Vaccination policies are also economic policies, so countries must ensure equitable vaccine distribution and address hesitancy through information campaigns and incentives.
- A fair recovery requires progressive taxation that shifts the burden to higher-income groups through simplifying tax systems and increasing enforcement.
- Accelerating financial inclusion through expanding access to financial services, improving financial literacy, and increasing women's inclusion in the financial system can also promote a fair recovery.
The document is Jordan's position paper for the World Health Organization (WHO) addressing three topics: ensuring health coverage for all, combating non-communicable diseases, and improving health care services for aging populations. Jordan supports the WHO's goals of universal health coverage, prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, and expanding preventative care for the elderly. Jordan has taken steps domestically such as providing free preventative services and increasing public health spending to work towards these goals. Internationally, Jordan advocates for collaboration between countries to share resources and expertise to tackle these global health issues.
This document discusses the importance of global health initiatives. It outlines 5 major global health initiatives: [1] The Global Fund which invests over $4 billion annually to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria in over 100 countries; [2] GAVI which provides vaccines to children in poor countries; [3] The World Health Organization which coordinates global health leadership and initiatives; [4] The United Nations Development Programme which aims to eradicate poverty and build resilience; [5] UNICEF which provides humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. The document emphasizes that these initiatives are critical to improving health outcomes, ensuring vaccine delivery, strengthening health systems, and achieving sustainable development goals.
Letter from participants of the G7 Civil Society Taskforce which met in Rome (1-2 February 2016) to members of the G7 Health Experts Working Group meeting in Tokyo (18-19 February 2016)
This is the February 2021 guidance produced by Directors of Public Health in England on how to exit the pandemic phase of SARS-CoV-2 and live with the virus circulating for some time. This document seeks to including epidemiological and behavioural and psychological insights into practical strategies for local Public Health Teams
Similar to Financial Preparedness and Investing during Pandemics (20)
The document summarizes key discussions and presentations from the Innovate 4 Climate event in 2021. The event focused on mobilizing climate finance and shaping green development. Panelists discussed aligning climate ambitions like NDCs with long-term strategies, financing climate action in cities, and tools to promote green finance. They emphasized blended finance, carbon pricing, and regulatory reforms to translate ambitions into concrete climate actions and investments.
Country’s progress and sustained economic growth is a reflection to the way we dwell in the place we thrive and strive. Building healthy dwellings and developing niche in sync with Industry 4.0 interface which are based on IoT,data analytics and smart grids are the latest revolution to march ahead by applying it in real estate sector.
Preparedness in cities and other urban settlements is critical for effective local, regional, national and global responses to COVID-19. A well-designed pandemic plan in urban settlements allows to respond in a flexible way to varying levels of severity and to refine your response as needed. Education, housing, work, socializing and community kinship shapes the way we live, strive and thrive in cities. Population density is not the only parameter to be blamed for the pandemic in developing countries. The type of housing - township, apartments, independent houses, make shift homes, informal settlements, redevelopment buildings and slums also are a key parameter that hinders controlling the spread or transmission of outbreak. The way we live – sanitation, hygiene, food habits, our environment, transport, connectivity, our social outlook and approach also are detrimental and have a direct bearing for the outbreak to spread to the extent of being a pandemic.
Be it with regard to natural, accidental or intentional means, public health has always been under threat. As is the case with the current COVID 19 pandemic, public health preparedness to prevent, respond to and recover is key for securing country’s overall development and growth.
Climate change is a significant threat across varied sections and in varied regions there has been a consensus about the need for businesses to play key role in ensuring transparency around climate risks and opportunities. To steer climate action, science-based emissions reduction targets validated by Science Based Target initiative (SBTi) and climate change scenario analysis based on the TCFD recommendations have been suggested to be adopted. These aimed to future proof businesses by identifying risks for mitigation and adaptation with the view to deliver value for business, investors, stakeholders and the environment at large. With real estate, contributing to one third of all the global carbon emissions according to UNEP, the responsibility has increased manifolds to address the impact of climate change on real estate portfolio.
There is increasing pressure on energy producers from climate risks. One key concept which is gaining prominence in lieu of the risks is “Carbon Bubble” and the related impact of divestment movement. As a part of the Paris climate agreement, 192 countries reaffirmed their commitment to reduce emissions and limiting the global temperature increase to less than 20C. Energy producing companies are under scrutiny from investors, shareholders, employees and customers and other related stakeholders to reduce carbon footprint and to demonstrate that their business are aligned to help build an efficient “Low Carbon Portfolio”. The goal is to channelize investments, assess climate risks and opportunities and mitigate future climate change trajectories, align it as key service for fossil fuel energy divestment, portfolio and asset management.
There is increasing pressure on energy producers from climate risks. One key concept which is gaining prominence in lieu of the risks is “Carbon Bubble” and the related impact of divestment movement. As a part of the Paris climate agreement, 192 countries reaffirmed their commitment to reduce emissions and limiting the global temperature increase to less than 20C. Energy producing companies are under scrutiny from investors, shareholders, employees and customers and other related stakeholders to reduce carbon footprint and to demonstrate that their business are aligned to help build an efficient “Low Carbon Portfolio”. The goal is to channelize investments, assess climate risks and opportunities and mitigate future climate change trajectories, align it as key service for fossil fuel energy divestment, portfolio and asset management.
As part of the Paris Climate Agreement goal of limiting global warming to 2oC, annual emissions reductions from agriculture must reach 1 gigatonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2e/yr) by 2030. Plausible options to do this only deliver 21–40% of this target. Agricultural systems are witnessing ambitious goals and require transformative actions. Across food systems actions include: application of next generation technologies, increasing investment flows and improving returns, change in pattern of landholdings, enhancing capacities through skill development and capacity building, and via changes in the distribution and dynamics of the population and labour force. This transformation would generate multitude of benefits such as education, nutrition, health, water, sanitation, and empowerment of women and youth, and transforming rural livelihoods and indigenous communities.
Sustainability is regarded as a key goal for policy makers across all sectors and at all levels, be it with regard to local, regional and global scale. Sustainability as a criteria attribute in real estate sector, which was ignored over a period of years has gained enhanced level of importance in recent years amongst varied stakeholders including developers, investors, owners, tenants, private entities, government bodies and the communities. Policies regarding sustainability have been demonstrated in the Kyoto Protocol, United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment (PRI) and the European Union Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings. Similarly regulation at the city level have council enforcing environmental building codes and have varied rebate options, incentives such as tax breaks, flexible and cost effective financing mechanisms, for green buildings. The real estate sector has both set of risks and benefits associated and most often the risks are associated with future uncertainties in terms of policies, regulation and enforcement. Urban housing and the burgeoning infrastructure requirement have triggered local and regional issues such as energy policies, deforestation, water scarcity, air pollution and over exploitation of resources.
The concept paper with regard to e-voting in India – suggestive policy framework is conceptualized under the Eco Endeavourers Network endeavour initiative – innovation hub and new concepts. It is an endeavour towards greater citizen participation and for their rights and their role in nation building and constitutional affairs. It aims at improving greater security, transparency and to increase the voter turnout, use of limited resources in a resource constraint economy, reduced manpower that are deployed before, during and after the elections are held. Foreseeing increased application of blockchain technology, big data and app based advancement, the paper considers suggestive policy framework of e-voting to oversee the prospects and its suggestive implications for the decision and policy makers. Prospects of having an internet enabled/e-voting can be an efficient alternative to the current EVM voting based elections.
World Oceans Day 8th June, 2019 provides an opportunity to honour, protect, and conserve the oceans. United Nations Sustainable Development Goal # 14 commits countries to unite over what is a truly global responsibility – the protection of our oceans and the lives that depend on it.
The aim of this primer is to putforth a perspective on - how does sustainability matters in real estate sector and why it should be a prime agenda of firms in making environmental friendly decision making and operations. Real estate sector can showcase their stewardship towards environment via efficient environmental friendly policies. There are varied environmental standards which are applied at the builings or infrastructure level in real estate sector, however what it lacks is uniformity in sustainability applicability to the sector. The type of material used, the design per se, installations and retrofits all matter in real esate sustainability mission and vision. Understanding environmental and climate risks and its real implications is a intricate challenge for property investors.
The document discusses World Environment Day which focuses on beating air pollution. It notes various sources of air pollution including household, industry, transport, agriculture, and waste burning. Poor air quality negatively impacts health. Cities concentrate health hazards and risks as the global population becomes increasingly urbanized. Effective solutions require addressing pollution sources, improving transportation systems, strengthening urban governance, and benchmarking cities based on air quality, sustainability, and public health indicators.
The Eco Endeavourers Network is requesting participation in a one-day online campaign and awareness drive on their Facebook and Twitter pages on June 5, 2019 to commemorate World Environment Day, which has the theme of "Beat Air Pollution." The goal is to strive for sustainable, clean, healthy and climate-positive cities and communities and pledge to "climate proof our cities" on this Environment Day.
This 22nd May, 2019 as we commemorate the International Day for Biodiversity with the theme: Our Biodiversity, Our Food, Our Health, the focal point is on how biodiversity acts as a basis for transforming food systems and improving health and well-being. The theme also aims to leverage the opportunity in knowledge transfer, spreading awareness about the dependency on our food systems for nutrition, health and sustainability.
The document discusses the increasingly important role of sustainability practitioners in organizations, especially as chief sustainability officers (CSOs). It argues that CSOs play a key role in communicating the business value of sustainability strategies to investors and stakeholders. However, many companies still do not have CSOs and sustainability practitioners do not always have influence or decision-making power equal to their responsibilities. The document calls for more companies to formally recognize the role of CSOs and empower them to steer sustainability efforts as part of the C-suite level of management.
As a part of annual Diwali celebration at school of my son, Podar Jumbo Kids at Hiranandani Estate, Thane conducted an event Diwali Fete at their school premises on 2nd November, 2018. Eco Endeavourers Network (EEN) leveraged this opportunity and held a “Sustainable Development Goals Educative and Awareness Kiosk” for the school children and parents accompanying them by raising awareness on United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and in simple way provided educative and fun learning and play mode games and handout/tool kit mentioning what each of the 17 goals mean.
COP14 - The Conference of the Parties 14 to the Convention on Biological diversity conference kick started on 17th of November with pre-conference meet ups and briefing on 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th November. The conference by United Nations aims at calling upon the decision makers from more than 190 countries to intensify their efforts to reduce and stop the biodiversity loss and protect the ecosystems that support food and water security and health for billions of people. The theme of this year’s ongoing conference is “Investing in Biodiversity for People and Planet”.
The World Water Week from 26th - 31st 2018 event concluded yesterday. As like every year, it was organized by Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). It highlighted water as a critical resource. It emphasized nature based solutions as way forward towards resolving water issues. This year the theme was – “Water, Ecosystems and Human Development”. Be it with regard to water shortage, water quality, water issues in extreme weather events - floods, water has been the most pressing issue and challenging resource that needs to be addressed. Healthy ecosystems allow plant and animal life to thrive and strive and offer multitude of benefits for human development and all these work together as microcosm in itself and for developing synergy, work in co-operation during trans-boundary conflicts with regard to water, water governance strengthening, and equitable access to clean water.
The newsletter for the month of August 2018 main focus is Sustainability with the thought "We co-create a culture, when we practice sustainability in our day to day life"
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Understanding how timely GST payments influence a lender's decision to approve loans, this topic explores the correlation between GST compliance and creditworthiness. It highlights how consistent GST payments can enhance a business's financial credibility, potentially leading to higher chances of loan approval.
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...Donc Test
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
Financial Preparedness and Investing during Pandemics
1. Financial Preparedness
and Investing during
Pandemics
A Primer on Prioritizing preparedness in lieu of pandemics
Dr. Prachi Ugle Pimpalkhute,
Founder, Eco Endeavourers Network
Sachin Pimpalkhute,
Co-Founder, Eco Endeavourers Network
14/6/2020
Eco Endeavourers Network
Striving for the Planet in Peril
Email : prachiugle@gmail.com
Contact Number: 9819098068
2. Preface
Covid 19 pandemic outbreak has resulted in unrest, medical emergency, uncertainty and global
economic slowdown. It has also resulted in wide open gap and unforeseen inadequacy in
investment in pandemic preparedness and response. Though a number of guidelines, protocols,
panel and commissions have been set up for recommendations and preparedness on how to
better identify, handle, prevent, respond in such cases, government seems to struggle to
reconcile and take the advantage edge out of the lockdown as at the primary stage if
preparedness and response was taken, it would have not created conflict between health,
economy and livelihoods. A citizen centric support to government interventions and protocols
given if followed by the citizens shall strengthen government machinery and planning. A
budgetary allocation for health and its spending with regard to pandemic preparedness is often
neglected and allocation in most of the times is with regard to economic progress. A healthy
workforce adds to the productivity of the economy; this attribute is of utmost importance.
Investing in health through financial preparedness and investing is a high cost effective way to
protect lives and at the same time protect livelihoods/employment and communities. Though
a measured proportion of human lives saved and economic slowdown avoided via fund
allocation is being done, the return on investments (ROI) in pandemic preparedness and
response is extremely high.
A task force to fight against pandemics when set up allows government and implementing
agencies to ensure adequate and sustainable financing actions to strengthen financial
preparedness enabling compliance with international health regulations. Such task force iswell
in place, however strengthening it with extra workforce of expertise shall allow financing of
critical capacities such as disease surveillance systems, medical testing, and emergency
operations. As regard to UN Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) one of notable mention
is Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and Indian government in 2017 was a signatory to its
incorporation in NITI Ayog under UN SDG 3 goal good health and wellbeing. However, it was
applied under any of the health schemes projected by the government and also not included
under the Ayushman Bharat and Arogya Setu.
This primer is a guideline on financial preparedness and investing during pandemics and how
prioritizing funding allocation help strengthen preparedness and response.
3. Introduction
In lieu of the pandemic Covid 19 - a big question has come up as to are we prepared to handle
such medical emergencies? The answer is viral threats to the extent of epidemic and pandemic
is inevitable, however a better preparedness action plan is most possible. Preparedness can be
anything be it medical interventions, community interventions, IT based interventions, capacity
building and capabilities at global, regional, community and local levels. According to World
Bank, estimates suggest that pandemics could destroy over 1.0 % of global GDP, as compared to
other global threats like climate change. Even smaller outbreaks cause loss of lives and economic
disruption, however pandemics such as COVID 19 whose outbreaks and onset happen sudden
and with such intensity and increased fatalities opens a challenge of public health and medical
emergency neglect and uncertainty. Developed countries have a well-structured health coverage
system which covers low income to higher income strata for health coverage and investment
protecting it. World Bank addresses a notable mention of Universal Health Security with the
priority being reaching everyone. Achieving it is a key component of Universal Health Coverage
(UHC) under the cadre of UN SDG 3: Good health and wellbeing. Stakeholder engagement and
coordinating with relevant implementing agencies to develop country specific investment
becomes pertinent in such cases. Find out way and means of generating monetary resources for
preparedness from taxes without undue burdening the citizens. Regulating private sector
investment in preparedness can play a major role – here if we can harness incentives from
business entities and financial markets it will etch out implementation action plans which
ultimately shall trickle down in strengthening health machinery, however when medical
emergencies onset happens sudden and with such intensity, business entities too have lessened
recoup capacity to support the cause as they themselves are in loss. Insurance companies
discounting and incentivizing provide immediate benefits though not for longer duration but of
valued importance, and these incentives shall help government combat intrinsic risks, measure
the extent of state of preparedness and economic vulnerability.
According to World Bank:
By 2017, all national governments were supposed to commit to participate in, and were by
the end of 2019 supposed to conduct a Joint External Evaluation (JEE) to assess their capacity
to comply with the requirements of the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR) to
prevent, detect, and rapidly respond to public health threats.
By 2017, all national governments were supposed to commit to participate in, and by the end
of 2019, conduct an evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) to assess their
capacity to comply with the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) standards.
WHO had developed Guidelines for Development of a National Action Plan for Health Security
(NAPHS) in 2017. The Guidelines outline steps for situation analysis, strategic planning and
prioritization, costing, budget allocation and implementation of the NAPHS.
“Can India prepare and develop guidelines as per the guidelines for development of
National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS)?
Once a complete costing and prioritized plan has been created for developing preparedness
plan, the next phase shall be how to finance it and how it can be implemented.
Include robust and achievable health security benefits via inclusion of domestic budgets,
sustained support for improvising preparedness.
4. Government should develop investment case scenarios for pandemic preparedness, also
mention of integrating the costed plan into national budget cycles
In developing countries and countries with maximum low income population, the challenge
is inadequate resource mobilization.
Improving tax strategy, insurance companies need to help individuals for loan rebate by
providing discounts.
According to World Bank, government should include private sector in strategy and
preparedness as such outbreaks affects the business entities the most and in turn creates
imbalance in the entire supply chain. Keeping in mind from the futuristic point of view, to
protect and empower from such outbreaks and lockdown that happen during this time
pandemic emergency funding provision and allocation shall save from immediate economic
crisis.
Incorporate economic risks associated with outbreaks into market assessments and
macroeconomics.
Emphasize Universal Health Coverage (UHC): WHO defines UHC as access to broad range of
services, which would include services that contribute to preparedness. From this
perspective, preparedness is the output indicator, and is a subset of UHC.
Key stimulus as regard to stakeholders in nutshell:
Ensuring Economic Stability and Growth of the Country
Universal Health Coverage
Improved Social Security
Managing Externalities
5. For development and implementation – Financial instruments points requirement are as
follows:
Diagnostic
Strategy and action planning costing
Budgeting and Implementation
Situation Analysis
Strategic planning and proritization
Developing local, regional and country plan (Transforming
priorities into action and challenges into opportunities)
Resource and operational planning
Implementation of local, regional and country action plan
Empowering local, regional and country core capacities and
capabilities
6. How to initiate and create the case for investing?
The current Covid 19 crisis whose surge started sudden and with severe intensity has brought
in prior outbreaks to recall to draw lessons. Be it with regard to Ebola crisis that began in
West Africa in 2013, Zika outbreak, swine flu of 2009, China’s outbreak of SARS in 2003, a
series of reports have recommended strengthening and scaling up investments in global
health security as a priority (World Bank). Before putting forth the case for investing and how
preparedness be planned and implemented, what happens when outbreaks of such intensity
happen needs to pointed. Though it’s a medical emergency, its underlying causes affects
economy, social unrest and overall wellbeing and growth, so before putting forth the case for
investing and how it can be initiated and created, a brief detailing on the problem with the
onset of pandemics, its linkage with SDGs to strengthen the very purpose of investing.
Problem with the onset of pandemics:
Linkage of UN SDGS and Health System
Health
Impact
• Sickness
• Fatalities
• Citizens facing long term impact on overall wellbeing
Economic
Impact
• Productivity loss
• Jobs lost
•Loss from lockdown and lack of consumer confidence
Social
Impact
• Disruption of social fabric
• Panic/fear/anxiety
• Inequality
SDG 1: No
Poverty
SDG 3: Good
Health and
Wellbeing
SDG 8: Decent
work and
Economic growth
SDG 9: Industry,
Innovation and
Infrastructure
SDG 2:
Sustainable
Agriculture
SDG 11:
Sustainable Cities
and Communities
SDG 10: Reduced
Inequality
SDG 12: Responsible
Production and
Consumption
SDG 4: Quality
Education
SDG 13: Climate
Action
Health System
Strengthening
Financial incentives and
funds for emergency
facilitation
7. Designing and Implementing the Investing Case
Source: Based on Word Bank, Health Security Assessment Tool
What should Preparedness Costing Workout Include:
Health Security Financial Assessment tool, World Bank mentions seven sections to organize health
security and help strengthen public health:
Gathering: current health care and security efforts as is done by Joint External Evaluation (JEE)
so as to define the boundary of scoping necessary for identifying and creating financial
provisions information data is required.
Mapping Stakeholders: Identifying key players in health care and security providers
Situational
Analyis
Strategic
planning and
prioritization
Developing
country
plan
Resource
and
Operational
planning
Implementa-
tion of action
plan
Local,
regional and
Country core
capacity and
capabilitis
Plan
Prevent
Detect
Cross
cutting
CostingDiagnostic Strategy and Action Plan Budgeting and Implementation
Cost each of requirement
activity in the plan
assessment and identify the
financial constraints /gaps
Include allocation
process
Create buy-in-and
commitment for sustainable
financing and effective
implementation
Creating a buy in platform and open window option for financial commitment and implementation
Baseline financial capabilities and constraints
8. Assessment: Institutional assessment examines the functionality and appropriateness of
coordinating mechanisms and implementation arrangements.
Fiscal Space:Information on country’s overall fiscal space to address health security financing
is required.
Resource Allocation and Budgeting: Financing for health security
Specific health care requirements: As defined in the Joint External Evaluation, varied
packages components for funding specific health care needs assessment
Efficiency, efficacy and sustainability: Examines issues with regard to allocation, technical
feasibility, efficacy and economic upward swing with sustainability as core tool in application
The health security tool while seeking financing options for preparing from pandemics should include
low income states, fragile and conflict affected states and middle and high income states. This shall
strengthen preparation allocation as per the requirement.
Key benchmarks:
1.Ensuring economic stability and growth
2. Fund for Universal Health Coverage per individual, which include pandemics
3.Managing social security amidst public health emergency
4.Managing externalities
Mobilizing Allocation
1. Domestic Resource Mobilization
2. Benchmarking taxes to financial preparedness
3. Priorities for donor investments at every stage of preparedness
4. Donors here reflect contributing significant amount to strengthening prevention, preparedness
and response capacities, OECD’s Creditor Reporting Survey (CRS) can be used as a benchmark
in mobilizing allocation
Leveraging insurance in Financial Preparedness
The fast delivery of money, coupled with a pre-determined contingency plan, can be very
effective in saving lives and livelihoods, and reducing the negative economic impact of the crisis
(Clarke and Hill 2013).
Risk management in Public Health Security
Alongside insurance a system of risk identification, risk assessment, risk modelling, risk
monitoring, risk preparedness, risk management, and contingency planning is required in public
health security.
9. Citizen
Concern
Citizen
Ensuring
economic
health and growth of
the country
Strengthening
the health system
Improving
health
security and
protecting
social stability
Managing
externalities
to regional and
global
community
Ministry of Finance Prevent future
productivity &
financial losses
Enabling health
Security systems
through low cost initiatives
and higher externalities like
private sector
Improving
lending
terms
Parliament Policies that
strengthen
economy
through investment
Workforce
resilience
Strengthening the health
system policies shall
improve
livelihood opportunities
and enhance productivity
and workforce resilience
Executive Improve
reputational
value with
international
donors
Ministry of Health Improving the lives through
stronger workforce system
Private Sector Reduce the impact
on productivity and
bottom line
Improve workforce security in case
of pandemics
Source: Based on World Bank
10. Who, Why and When of Using this Primer
Critical change management levers for assessment, planning and implementation process based
on World Bank
Critical Management Levers ⁺
WHO ?
Country, regional and local level preparedness personnels (Ministry of Health,
Representatives from Public Health Department, Hospital Managament, NGOs,
Municipalities and other key stakeholders like investors who are involved in allocate
resources to planning, costing and financing preparedness activities
AIM?
Provide preparedness personnels an list of formal and non-formal activities planner that
shall strengthen preparedness action
Provide tools that shall help them prepare investment case for preparedness
WHEN TO USE?
As a starter or initiater document to catalyze critical areas ith dense population to
prepareness action and also as a precautionary document to citizens at large from
pandemics from futuristic perspective - along with key stakeholders
For communication and management planning processes while creating and implementing
the National Action Plans for Health Security (NAPHS) as per World Bank
Phase 1 :
Diagnostic
Phase 2 :
Strategy and
Action
Planning
Phase 3 :
Costing
Phase 4 :
Budgeting and
Implementation
Challengers
and
Sponserers
Platform for
placing
investment
case
Expertise,
Capacities
and
Capabilities
Formal
Mechanisms
Challengers and Sponserers –
from key influencers
The platform for investment case should be
timely placed with critical parameters to cover
The expertise, capacities and capabilities
should be combination of health care
professionals, scientists, researchers, social
scientists and other
Formal Mechanisms – Include processes,
Tools, systems, financial incentives – these
shall be key to support implementation
at Country level, regional and local level
11. Key Players for role play in critical change management in implementing preparedness for
Pandemics
Change Management Leader : Change management process and
shepherds it through the complex world of priority-setting and decision-
making in government
Monitoring Committee : Team managed by the change leader that serves
as a steering unit. The team or committee shall include senior
representatives of all sectors involved as well as the main donors and
regional/global entities
Project Manager : The person responsible for the logistics, planning and
activities related to the change management plan (e.g., ensuring regular
engagement of key stakeholders, scheduling monitoring committee
meetings, managing government approval processes)
International public health community : Local members of international
institutions who may be able to provide technical project expertise,
process and planning input (e.g., members of WHO, World Bank, Gates
Foundation, Red Cross, CDC etc.)
Preparedness Team Lead : Individuals selected during the planning
process to lead planning and execution of preparedness activities
including surveillance. Individuals may include members from private
and public sector as well.
Country Leader : Key government decision-makers, including members of
the legislative and executive members
Private Sector : Representatives from key industries that could contribute
to preparedness activities or could push the Government to implement
preparedness as they would be affected by sudden onset of outbreak of
pandemics
Technical Group Experts : Regional and local team of experts with
capacities, capabilities and skills important for preparedness execution
12. Drivers who shall steer the preparedness action as per World Bank guidelines:
Ensure involvement of country leadership: involvement of top leadership and key ministries will
allow prior emergency preparedness.
Engage top influencers across all sectors (e.g., NGOs, media, political & business leaders, etc.)
Identify & mobilize people with the right expertise to drive the implementation process
Integrate the preparedness process in the existing core processes
Preparedness capacity development as part of the national health sector plan
Preparedness costing and financing process integrated in the country planning and financing
regular process
Create a governance structure and assign accountabilities – A governing body to manage plan
implementation
Specific responsibilities and accountabilities for each activity in the plan
Separate monitoring body regularly evaluates and reports back on plan effectiveness
Preparedness be a clear priority for the country, agenda and need to be regularly discussed and
communicated from global public health institutions and donors to the country leadership
Integrate the preparedness process: Preparedness capacity development as part of the national
health sector plan – Preparedness costing and financing process integrated in the country
planning and financing regular process.
Across all levers, adopt a multi-stakeholders approach according to World Bank:
Inclusive mechanisms in place for involvement of public, private sector and civil society
Multi-sectoral coordination
Partnership-based plan
Coordination with neighbouring countries
High Level Critical Change Management for Pandemic Preparedness at country level
- What, Who and When
Formal Mechanism
Activity What Who When
Assign accountability
to each intervention
Each intervention/action
plan should have a
person accountable for
its implementation
Change
Management
leader
Multi – sector
stakeholder
Phase 2
Design governance
structure
for coordination of
implementation & appoint
monitoring committee/
body
Due to the multi-sectoral
nature of the plan
and the
fragmented
accountabilities across several
actors, a project manager
Change Manage
-ment leader
Project Manager
Monitoring
committee
Phase 3
13. should be appointed to
track and regularly
follow-up on the
implementation of the plan and to
coordinate actions across
sectors
Design tracking &
monitoring process
The implementation of
activities against the initial
plan should be regularly
tracked and monitored:
this shall be done by the
project
manager and through the
monitoring committee
Change Manage
-ment leader
Project Manager
Phase 3
Integrate action plan
activities into regular
plans
(e.g., national health
sector plan)
Once the preparedness
activities are defined in the
plan and each of them has a
responsible person, this
person should make
sure that activities are
integrated into regular plans
Preparedness activity
Team Lead
Project Manager
Phase 4
Integrate costing in
country budgeting
Costs that are determined to
be funded through
local or domestic funds
should be
included in the next
review of the country
budgeting, following the
inclusion in each of the
different plans
Relevant country
budgetary
Team of the
Parliament,
Financial
experts,
advisors,
Finance
Minister
Phase 4
Challengers and
Sponserers
Identify change leader among
political leadership
The change leader’s role is to
promote the topic of
preparedness, drive the
engagement of political
leadership and other
stakeholders and advocate in the
legislature to get dedicated
funding
International public
health
community and
preparedness
advocates in
country
Phase 1
Map key influencers across sectorsKey influencers may be
found across different sectors
(political leadership,
private sector, civil society,
partners, both national and
international entities);
although sometimes these
people do not have a formal
role in the preparedness
agenda, they are key to
influence key stakeholders
Change
management
leader
Starts in
Phase
1 and
Continu
es
until
Phase 2
Engage country
leadership
The change leader plays a
key role in engaging the
rest of the country
Change
management
leader
Starts in
Phase
1 and
14. leadership and identifying
potential champions amongst
them of the preparedness
activities
(Heads of government
ministries, Prime Ministers)
Continues
until
Phase 3
Engage identified
influencers and
make them
“champion or
challenger”
The change leader can start
engaging the key
influencers and stakeholders,
to make them further
champion the agenda (e.g.,
parliamentarians,
project leaders with high
reach)
Change
management
leader
Starts in
Phase
2 and
continues
until
Phase 4
Create stakeholder
map
A stakeholder map includes a
list of all key
stakeholders for
preparedness planning &
execution, that could include:
Minister of Finance,
Parliament, the Executive,
Ministry of Health, other
relevant Ministries,
private sector,
donors and international
partners For each
stakeholder, it should be
clarified: role in the
preparedness planning &
execution, main
motivations and concerns,
objectives of the
communication
Change
management
leader
Starts in
Phase 1
continues
Until
Phase 2
Trainings for appointed people
and ad hoc support on specific
activities
Trainings could be
provided by
regional/global
entities that already have
experience from
implementation in other
countries Ad hoc
support may include
rotations across partner
countries, consultants for a certain
period of time
Private
sector
Regional/ global
entities
Technical groups
Other
countries
Starts in
Phase 3
and
continues
until
Phase 4