This document provides an overview of the mortgage market in Saudi Arabia. It discusses the introduction of mortgage laws and regulations in Saudi Arabia, including the Real Estate Finance Policy published by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) that established SAMA's regulatory oversight of the real estate sector. The document also examines recommendations for developing the mortgage market in Saudi Arabia, such as establishing a formal licensing system for lenders and improving access to financial services.
money market and the capital market are the two different types of the financial markets where in
the money market is used for the purpose of short term borrowing and lending whereas the capital
market is used for the long-term assets i.e., the assets which have the maturity of more than one
year. Money markets are unorganized markets where banks, financial institutions, money dealers
and brokers trade in financial instruments for a short period of time. Trading in the money market
is done mostly through over the counter (OTC) i.e. no or little use of exchanges. They provide
businesses with short-term credit and play a major role in providing liquidity in the economy over
the short term. On the contrary, the capital market is a type of financial market where financial
products like stocks, bonds, debentures are traded for a long duration of time. They serve the
purpose of long-term financing and long-term capital requirement. Capital Market is categorized
into two section, first being the primary market where the securities are issued and offered to the
public for the first time and second is the Secondary Market where the previously issued securities
are traded amongst different types of investors.
This document discusses developing corporate bond markets in India using blockchain technology. It provides an overview of debt markets globally and in India, noting that corporate bond markets are underdeveloped in India compared to other major economies. The document proposes using blockchain to digitally represent and transfer corporate bonds, replacing the current manual paper-based system. This could improve efficiency by reducing costs, automating processes, and providing a single shared ledger of transactions. Developing corporate bond markets is important for meeting India's large financing needs for industry and infrastructure.
DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE OVERVIEW:
Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is a public limited company. It is formed and managed under Company
Act 1994, Security and Exchange Commission Act 1993, Security and Exchange Commission Regulation
1994, and Security Exchange (Inside Trading) regulation 1994.
The management and operation of Dhaka Stock Exchange is entrusted on a 25 members board of
directors. Among them 12 are elected from DSE members, another 12 are selected from different trade
bodies and relevant organizations. The CEO is the 25th ex officio member of the board. The following
organizations are currently holding positions in DSE Board:
Bangladesh Bank
ICB – Investment Corporation of Bangladesh
President of Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh
President of Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industries
President of Metropolitan Chambers of Commerce and Industries
Professor of Finance Department of Dhaka University
President of Dhaka Chamber of Commerce & Industry.
Currently, there are total 22 industrial sectors in DSE which accommodate 578 listed companies.
The emergence of sukuk (Islamic bonds) has become an important development in Islamic capital markets globally and in Southeast Asia in particular. However, in Oman, sukuk have not taken off yet due to the nascent Islamic banking industry. The success of the anticipated Omani government sovereign sukuk issue and Meethaq Bank's planned sukuk program will determine whether sukuk become a major new source of funding in Oman in the future.
Draft Guidelines for Licensing of “Payments Banks”BFSICM
The Reserve Bank of India has issued draft guidelines for licensing "Payments Banks" to promote financial inclusion. Payments Banks will accept demand deposits and provide payment/remittance services through various channels. They will be restricted to holding customer balances of Rs. 100,000 initially and investing funds in government securities with maturity up to 1 year. Applicants must have a net worth of Rs. 100 crore and maintain capital adequacy of 15%. Licensing will involve an initial screening followed by evaluation from an expert advisory committee and final approval from RBI.
Credit appraisal in sbi bank project6 report Babasab Patil
The document discusses the banking sector in India. It notes that the Reserve Bank of India closely monitors the financial sector, which is dominated by scheduled commercial banks including public, private, foreign, and regional rural banks. It then focuses on providing details about the State Bank of India, noting that it is the largest bank in India with over 8,500 branches and that it is undergoing changes to modernize and expand its services to compete better. The document also provides a brief overview of the classification and reforms of the banking system in India.
Non perfoming assets @ uti bank project report mba financeBabasab Patil
The document discusses non-performing assets (NPAs) and their impact on the profitability of new private sector banks in India. It provides background on the rise of NPAs in the Indian banking system and defines an NPA as an asset where principal and interest payments are overdue by 90 days. The objectives of the study are to analyze RBI norms on NPAs, compare NPA performance and credit risk of new private banks over 3 years, and examine the impact of NPAs on bank profitability. The methodology involves collecting primary data through bank official interviews and secondary data from RBI, IBA, and bank websites. The analysis uses quadrant analysis to study relationships between key financial metrics.
money market and the capital market are the two different types of the financial markets where in
the money market is used for the purpose of short term borrowing and lending whereas the capital
market is used for the long-term assets i.e., the assets which have the maturity of more than one
year. Money markets are unorganized markets where banks, financial institutions, money dealers
and brokers trade in financial instruments for a short period of time. Trading in the money market
is done mostly through over the counter (OTC) i.e. no or little use of exchanges. They provide
businesses with short-term credit and play a major role in providing liquidity in the economy over
the short term. On the contrary, the capital market is a type of financial market where financial
products like stocks, bonds, debentures are traded for a long duration of time. They serve the
purpose of long-term financing and long-term capital requirement. Capital Market is categorized
into two section, first being the primary market where the securities are issued and offered to the
public for the first time and second is the Secondary Market where the previously issued securities
are traded amongst different types of investors.
This document discusses developing corporate bond markets in India using blockchain technology. It provides an overview of debt markets globally and in India, noting that corporate bond markets are underdeveloped in India compared to other major economies. The document proposes using blockchain to digitally represent and transfer corporate bonds, replacing the current manual paper-based system. This could improve efficiency by reducing costs, automating processes, and providing a single shared ledger of transactions. Developing corporate bond markets is important for meeting India's large financing needs for industry and infrastructure.
DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE OVERVIEW:
Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is a public limited company. It is formed and managed under Company
Act 1994, Security and Exchange Commission Act 1993, Security and Exchange Commission Regulation
1994, and Security Exchange (Inside Trading) regulation 1994.
The management and operation of Dhaka Stock Exchange is entrusted on a 25 members board of
directors. Among them 12 are elected from DSE members, another 12 are selected from different trade
bodies and relevant organizations. The CEO is the 25th ex officio member of the board. The following
organizations are currently holding positions in DSE Board:
Bangladesh Bank
ICB – Investment Corporation of Bangladesh
President of Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh
President of Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industries
President of Metropolitan Chambers of Commerce and Industries
Professor of Finance Department of Dhaka University
President of Dhaka Chamber of Commerce & Industry.
Currently, there are total 22 industrial sectors in DSE which accommodate 578 listed companies.
The emergence of sukuk (Islamic bonds) has become an important development in Islamic capital markets globally and in Southeast Asia in particular. However, in Oman, sukuk have not taken off yet due to the nascent Islamic banking industry. The success of the anticipated Omani government sovereign sukuk issue and Meethaq Bank's planned sukuk program will determine whether sukuk become a major new source of funding in Oman in the future.
Draft Guidelines for Licensing of “Payments Banks”BFSICM
The Reserve Bank of India has issued draft guidelines for licensing "Payments Banks" to promote financial inclusion. Payments Banks will accept demand deposits and provide payment/remittance services through various channels. They will be restricted to holding customer balances of Rs. 100,000 initially and investing funds in government securities with maturity up to 1 year. Applicants must have a net worth of Rs. 100 crore and maintain capital adequacy of 15%. Licensing will involve an initial screening followed by evaluation from an expert advisory committee and final approval from RBI.
Credit appraisal in sbi bank project6 report Babasab Patil
The document discusses the banking sector in India. It notes that the Reserve Bank of India closely monitors the financial sector, which is dominated by scheduled commercial banks including public, private, foreign, and regional rural banks. It then focuses on providing details about the State Bank of India, noting that it is the largest bank in India with over 8,500 branches and that it is undergoing changes to modernize and expand its services to compete better. The document also provides a brief overview of the classification and reforms of the banking system in India.
Non perfoming assets @ uti bank project report mba financeBabasab Patil
The document discusses non-performing assets (NPAs) and their impact on the profitability of new private sector banks in India. It provides background on the rise of NPAs in the Indian banking system and defines an NPA as an asset where principal and interest payments are overdue by 90 days. The objectives of the study are to analyze RBI norms on NPAs, compare NPA performance and credit risk of new private banks over 3 years, and examine the impact of NPAs on bank profitability. The methodology involves collecting primary data through bank official interviews and secondary data from RBI, IBA, and bank websites. The analysis uses quadrant analysis to study relationships between key financial metrics.
NON PERFORMING ASSETS – NEED FOR PRAGMATIC & PRACTICAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Neha Sharma
The Reserve Bank of India, Indian Banks Association, almost all Public Sector Banks and the Indian businesses are deeply concerned about significant rise in nonperforming assets during last one year. The Indian economy has been passing through unprecedented turbulent times. Many important sectors of the economy have been adversely affected.
This document provides information on banking in India, including definitions, functions of commercial banks, and the evolving banking environment. It summarizes the introduction of banking regulations in India in 1949, the key functions of commercial banks, and how the banking sector has undergone structural changes due to financial reforms, increased competition, and technological advances. The emerging environment for banking is described as involving greater capital flow mobility, policy coordination, and financial market integration.
The document provides an overview of the Islamic financial system in Saudi Arabia. It discusses the history and background of banking in Saudi Arabia, the main Islamic banks and financing products, the Islamic capital market and takaful industry, non-bank financial institutions and fintech development, as well as the main challenges and the way forward for Islamic finance in Saudi Arabia. The key Islamic banks in Saudi Arabia include Al Rajhi Bank, Al Inma Bank, Bank Al Jazira and Bank Al Bilad. Common Islamic financing products are mudarabah, musharakah, murabahah, bai al-inah and tawarruq. The document also examines the Saudi Islamic capital market (sukuk)
Singapore Government’s borrowing is fiscally sustainable. This can be partly attributed to the following features:
1. Borrowings are not for spending.
2. Borrowing proceeds are invested.
3. The Singapore Government has a strong balance sheet that has assets well in excess of its liabilities.
Read the report to understand the unique nature of the borrowing of the Singapore Government. http://www.mof.gov.sg/Resources/Feature-Articles/SG-Borrowings
The document provides an acknowledgement for the completion of a report. It thanks various individuals who provided cooperation and assistance at different stages of the report, including the supervisor Mr. Asad Shahjan for helping with selecting a topic during a time of confusion. It also thanks staff members of Bank Islami Branch Mansehra for providing guidance and valuable information, especially the operational manager Mr. Shafqat Hussain. Finally, it expresses gratitude to Allah for giving the strength to fulfill the task efficiently.
Evaluation of banking sector’s development in bangladesh in light of financia...Alexander Decker
The document evaluates the development of Bangladesh's banking sector in light of financial reforms over the past decades. It discusses the initial phases of reform from the 1980s to 1990s which focused on promoting private ownership and reducing government control of banks. The second phase from 1990 introduced measures like interest rate deregulation, priority sector lending incentives, and licensing new private banks. Subsequent reforms strengthened regulatory frameworks, adopted Basel standards, and restructured some state-owned banks through the 2000s. The study aims to evaluate how successfully the banking sector has evolved in terms of improving access to services, financial deepening, operational efficiency, and stability. Key indicators are analyzed using the World Bank's framework to measure the impact of reforms on financial development.
STUDY OF THE PROCEDURE OF DISBURSEMENT OF HOME LOAN OF HDFC BANK IN PUNE CITYabhijit055
This project report studies the procedure for disbursing home loans at HDFC Bank in Pune City. It was submitted by Atul C Sonawane to Kohinoor Business School, University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of an MMS degree. The report provides an introduction to home loans, HDFC Bank, eligibility criteria, documents required, parameters considered during evaluation, HDFC's loan procedure, document scrutiny process, innovative loan concepts, and the future of home loans. It aims to understand HDFC Bank's home loan disbursement process in Pune City.
Regulatory framework for financial services in INDIAayushmaan singh
Financial services refers to services provided by the finance market such as banking, insurance, and investment. Financial regulation subjects financial institutions to requirements and guidelines to maintain integrity in the financial system. It influences banking by increasing available financial products. NABARD was established in 1982 to oversee agricultural credit and rural development. Its roles include providing credit and refinancing to rural banks, identifying credit potential, monitoring credit plans, and inspecting regional rural banks to regulate the rural banking sector.
This document outlines draft guidelines for licensing new banks in the private sector in India. Some key points:
1) Only private sector entities owned and controlled by Indian residents will be eligible to promote banks. Promoters must have a successful 10+ year track record running diversified businesses.
2) Promoters will need to set up a Non-Operative Financial Holding Company (NOHC) to hold the bank and other financial entities. The NOHC structure is meant to ringfence banking activities.
3) Initial minimum paid-up capital for new banks is ₹500 crore. The NOHC must hold 40% of the bank's capital for 5 years, reducing to 20
This document is the report of the Working Group on Pricing of Credit constituted by the Reserve Bank of India. It discusses international practices on pricing of floating rate loans and determination of credit spreads. It notes that in India, interest rates have moved from an administered regime to a deregulated one. However, concerns remain regarding downward stickiness of rates, discriminatory treatment of old vs new borrowers, and arbitrary changes in spreads. The Working Group was tasked to review these issues and suggest measures to improve transparency in pricing of floating rate loans.
1) Consumer banking in Pakistan has grown tremendously in recent years and plays an important role in the economy. It began with humble beginnings after partition and underwent periods of nationalization and privatization.
2) Currently there are various types of consumer banking products offered in Pakistan like credit cards, personal loans, auto loans, and home loans. Credit card loans, personal loans, and auto loans have all increased significantly in recent years.
3) While consumer banking has advanced greatly due to reforms, there are still improvements needed such as increasing financial inclusion and ensuring benefits reach all citizens. Continued strong regulation is also important to maintain a balanced banking system in Pakistan.
The document provides an overview of the banking industry in Bangladesh. It discusses the structure of the banking sector, which includes state-owned commercial banks, private commercial banks, foreign commercial banks, and specialized banks. It also lists the major banks in each category and provides statistics on the total assets and deposits. Additionally, it gives a brief history of banking in Bangladesh and describes the roles of the central bank and commercial banks. It concludes with information on the growth of Islamic banking in the country.
Performance analysis of loans of KDCC bank bhuj Mehta Yash
This document is a project report submitted by Yash Mehta to the Department of Commerce and Management at KSKV Kachchh University. The report analyzes the performance of cash credit and overdraft loans provided by KDCC Bank. KDCC Bank is the District Central Co-operative Bank for Kachchh district, established in 1958. It has 18 branches and provides various loan and deposit products to farmers and businesses. The report includes sections on the research methodology, data analysis and interpretation, findings, and suggestions.
HDFC Bank was established in 1994 as one of the first private sector banks in India. It is committed to maintaining high ethical standards and focuses on operational excellence, customer focus, product leadership, and people. The bank provides a wide range of financial products and services. It has over 1,400 branches across India and aims to be a world-class Indian bank through high quality customer service and risk management practices. The bank has received several awards recognizing its leadership in areas such as retail banking, trade finance, and IT governance.
Summer internship tranning report on jccb finalvachhani sumit
This document is a comprehensive project report on the Junagadh Commercial Co-operative Bank submitted in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. It includes an introduction, certificate from the faculty guide and director, acknowledgements, index, and initial sections on the history of banking in India and an overview of the current banking scenario and types of banks. The report provides information about the structure and objectives of the project.
Functions of Bangladesh Bank. Term paper prepared for course F-209: Law and Practice of Banking under BBA program of Department of Finance, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Functions of RBI, credit control measures,
qualitative credit control and quantitative
credit control, regulatory measures taken
by RBI to facilitate financial inclusion.
The document provides an introduction and overview of the State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur (SBBJ). It outlines the bank's vision to be a customer-centric and professionally managed organization, and its mission to provide one-stop banking solutions through innovative technology and quality customer service. The document then describes the various products and services offered by SBBJ, including personal banking, NRI banking, government business, corporate banking, international banking, agriculture products, and more. It provides details on the bank's deposit schemes, loan offerings, and other services available to customers.
A Project Report on LRES_Anurag Ghosh_16PGDMBFS08Anurag Ghosh
This document is a project report on the SARFAESI Act and NPA management submitted by Anurag Ghosh. It begins with an acknowledgement expressing gratitude to the project guide Prof. Deepak Tandon. The methodology section describes the use of primary and secondary data sources from organizations like RBI and banks to analyze NPA levels and cases related to the SARFAESI Act. The document contains an index and sections on the overview of SARFAESI Act and NPA management, global and Indian loan scenarios, data analysis of top banks' NPAs showing a correlation between loans and NPAs, details of the SARFAESI Act, cases studies, recommendations and a conclusion.
Yanbu Cement Company is seeking a loan of SR75 million from a bank for a period of 18 months. The document analyzes Yanbu Cement Company's financial statements over three years to assess the viability of extending the loan. Key ratios related to expenses, operations, marketability, coverage, liquidity, profitability, and financial leverage are positive overall, indicating effective cost management, increasing asset utilization, and improving profit margins. Based on the financial analysis, the company's performance has strengthened, suggesting it can repay the loan amount.
Mezzanine financing is a hybrid of debt and equity financing used to finance the expansion of existing companies. It refers to financing that ranks between senior debt and equity, filling the gap. Structurally, it is subordinate to senior debt but senior to common stock. Mezzanine debt can take the form of convertible debt, subordinated debt, or private securities with warrants or preferred equity.
NON PERFORMING ASSETS – NEED FOR PRAGMATIC & PRACTICAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Neha Sharma
The Reserve Bank of India, Indian Banks Association, almost all Public Sector Banks and the Indian businesses are deeply concerned about significant rise in nonperforming assets during last one year. The Indian economy has been passing through unprecedented turbulent times. Many important sectors of the economy have been adversely affected.
This document provides information on banking in India, including definitions, functions of commercial banks, and the evolving banking environment. It summarizes the introduction of banking regulations in India in 1949, the key functions of commercial banks, and how the banking sector has undergone structural changes due to financial reforms, increased competition, and technological advances. The emerging environment for banking is described as involving greater capital flow mobility, policy coordination, and financial market integration.
The document provides an overview of the Islamic financial system in Saudi Arabia. It discusses the history and background of banking in Saudi Arabia, the main Islamic banks and financing products, the Islamic capital market and takaful industry, non-bank financial institutions and fintech development, as well as the main challenges and the way forward for Islamic finance in Saudi Arabia. The key Islamic banks in Saudi Arabia include Al Rajhi Bank, Al Inma Bank, Bank Al Jazira and Bank Al Bilad. Common Islamic financing products are mudarabah, musharakah, murabahah, bai al-inah and tawarruq. The document also examines the Saudi Islamic capital market (sukuk)
Singapore Government’s borrowing is fiscally sustainable. This can be partly attributed to the following features:
1. Borrowings are not for spending.
2. Borrowing proceeds are invested.
3. The Singapore Government has a strong balance sheet that has assets well in excess of its liabilities.
Read the report to understand the unique nature of the borrowing of the Singapore Government. http://www.mof.gov.sg/Resources/Feature-Articles/SG-Borrowings
The document provides an acknowledgement for the completion of a report. It thanks various individuals who provided cooperation and assistance at different stages of the report, including the supervisor Mr. Asad Shahjan for helping with selecting a topic during a time of confusion. It also thanks staff members of Bank Islami Branch Mansehra for providing guidance and valuable information, especially the operational manager Mr. Shafqat Hussain. Finally, it expresses gratitude to Allah for giving the strength to fulfill the task efficiently.
Evaluation of banking sector’s development in bangladesh in light of financia...Alexander Decker
The document evaluates the development of Bangladesh's banking sector in light of financial reforms over the past decades. It discusses the initial phases of reform from the 1980s to 1990s which focused on promoting private ownership and reducing government control of banks. The second phase from 1990 introduced measures like interest rate deregulation, priority sector lending incentives, and licensing new private banks. Subsequent reforms strengthened regulatory frameworks, adopted Basel standards, and restructured some state-owned banks through the 2000s. The study aims to evaluate how successfully the banking sector has evolved in terms of improving access to services, financial deepening, operational efficiency, and stability. Key indicators are analyzed using the World Bank's framework to measure the impact of reforms on financial development.
STUDY OF THE PROCEDURE OF DISBURSEMENT OF HOME LOAN OF HDFC BANK IN PUNE CITYabhijit055
This project report studies the procedure for disbursing home loans at HDFC Bank in Pune City. It was submitted by Atul C Sonawane to Kohinoor Business School, University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of an MMS degree. The report provides an introduction to home loans, HDFC Bank, eligibility criteria, documents required, parameters considered during evaluation, HDFC's loan procedure, document scrutiny process, innovative loan concepts, and the future of home loans. It aims to understand HDFC Bank's home loan disbursement process in Pune City.
Regulatory framework for financial services in INDIAayushmaan singh
Financial services refers to services provided by the finance market such as banking, insurance, and investment. Financial regulation subjects financial institutions to requirements and guidelines to maintain integrity in the financial system. It influences banking by increasing available financial products. NABARD was established in 1982 to oversee agricultural credit and rural development. Its roles include providing credit and refinancing to rural banks, identifying credit potential, monitoring credit plans, and inspecting regional rural banks to regulate the rural banking sector.
This document outlines draft guidelines for licensing new banks in the private sector in India. Some key points:
1) Only private sector entities owned and controlled by Indian residents will be eligible to promote banks. Promoters must have a successful 10+ year track record running diversified businesses.
2) Promoters will need to set up a Non-Operative Financial Holding Company (NOHC) to hold the bank and other financial entities. The NOHC structure is meant to ringfence banking activities.
3) Initial minimum paid-up capital for new banks is ₹500 crore. The NOHC must hold 40% of the bank's capital for 5 years, reducing to 20
This document is the report of the Working Group on Pricing of Credit constituted by the Reserve Bank of India. It discusses international practices on pricing of floating rate loans and determination of credit spreads. It notes that in India, interest rates have moved from an administered regime to a deregulated one. However, concerns remain regarding downward stickiness of rates, discriminatory treatment of old vs new borrowers, and arbitrary changes in spreads. The Working Group was tasked to review these issues and suggest measures to improve transparency in pricing of floating rate loans.
1) Consumer banking in Pakistan has grown tremendously in recent years and plays an important role in the economy. It began with humble beginnings after partition and underwent periods of nationalization and privatization.
2) Currently there are various types of consumer banking products offered in Pakistan like credit cards, personal loans, auto loans, and home loans. Credit card loans, personal loans, and auto loans have all increased significantly in recent years.
3) While consumer banking has advanced greatly due to reforms, there are still improvements needed such as increasing financial inclusion and ensuring benefits reach all citizens. Continued strong regulation is also important to maintain a balanced banking system in Pakistan.
The document provides an overview of the banking industry in Bangladesh. It discusses the structure of the banking sector, which includes state-owned commercial banks, private commercial banks, foreign commercial banks, and specialized banks. It also lists the major banks in each category and provides statistics on the total assets and deposits. Additionally, it gives a brief history of banking in Bangladesh and describes the roles of the central bank and commercial banks. It concludes with information on the growth of Islamic banking in the country.
Performance analysis of loans of KDCC bank bhuj Mehta Yash
This document is a project report submitted by Yash Mehta to the Department of Commerce and Management at KSKV Kachchh University. The report analyzes the performance of cash credit and overdraft loans provided by KDCC Bank. KDCC Bank is the District Central Co-operative Bank for Kachchh district, established in 1958. It has 18 branches and provides various loan and deposit products to farmers and businesses. The report includes sections on the research methodology, data analysis and interpretation, findings, and suggestions.
HDFC Bank was established in 1994 as one of the first private sector banks in India. It is committed to maintaining high ethical standards and focuses on operational excellence, customer focus, product leadership, and people. The bank provides a wide range of financial products and services. It has over 1,400 branches across India and aims to be a world-class Indian bank through high quality customer service and risk management practices. The bank has received several awards recognizing its leadership in areas such as retail banking, trade finance, and IT governance.
Summer internship tranning report on jccb finalvachhani sumit
This document is a comprehensive project report on the Junagadh Commercial Co-operative Bank submitted in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. It includes an introduction, certificate from the faculty guide and director, acknowledgements, index, and initial sections on the history of banking in India and an overview of the current banking scenario and types of banks. The report provides information about the structure and objectives of the project.
Functions of Bangladesh Bank. Term paper prepared for course F-209: Law and Practice of Banking under BBA program of Department of Finance, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Functions of RBI, credit control measures,
qualitative credit control and quantitative
credit control, regulatory measures taken
by RBI to facilitate financial inclusion.
The document provides an introduction and overview of the State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur (SBBJ). It outlines the bank's vision to be a customer-centric and professionally managed organization, and its mission to provide one-stop banking solutions through innovative technology and quality customer service. The document then describes the various products and services offered by SBBJ, including personal banking, NRI banking, government business, corporate banking, international banking, agriculture products, and more. It provides details on the bank's deposit schemes, loan offerings, and other services available to customers.
A Project Report on LRES_Anurag Ghosh_16PGDMBFS08Anurag Ghosh
This document is a project report on the SARFAESI Act and NPA management submitted by Anurag Ghosh. It begins with an acknowledgement expressing gratitude to the project guide Prof. Deepak Tandon. The methodology section describes the use of primary and secondary data sources from organizations like RBI and banks to analyze NPA levels and cases related to the SARFAESI Act. The document contains an index and sections on the overview of SARFAESI Act and NPA management, global and Indian loan scenarios, data analysis of top banks' NPAs showing a correlation between loans and NPAs, details of the SARFAESI Act, cases studies, recommendations and a conclusion.
Yanbu Cement Company is seeking a loan of SR75 million from a bank for a period of 18 months. The document analyzes Yanbu Cement Company's financial statements over three years to assess the viability of extending the loan. Key ratios related to expenses, operations, marketability, coverage, liquidity, profitability, and financial leverage are positive overall, indicating effective cost management, increasing asset utilization, and improving profit margins. Based on the financial analysis, the company's performance has strengthened, suggesting it can repay the loan amount.
Mezzanine financing is a hybrid of debt and equity financing used to finance the expansion of existing companies. It refers to financing that ranks between senior debt and equity, filling the gap. Structurally, it is subordinate to senior debt but senior to common stock. Mezzanine debt can take the form of convertible debt, subordinated debt, or private securities with warrants or preferred equity.
Here are the Personal Accounts of Mr. H and Mr. R as per the transactions given:
Mr. H A/c
Amount Amount
Date Particulars (Rs) Date Particulars (Rs)
1-Apr By S A/c 20,000
5-Apr By S A/c 30,000
17-Apr By S A/c 15,000
19-Apr By S A/c 10,000
22-Apr By Discount A/c 100
22-Apr By S A/c 20,000
29-Apr By Balance c/d 5,000
75
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
UX, ethnography and possibilities: for Libraries, Museums and ArchivesNed Potter
1) The document discusses how the University of York Library has used various user experience (UX) techniques like ethnographic observation and interviews to better understand user needs and behaviors.
2) Some changes implemented based on UX findings include installing hot water taps, changing hours, and adding blankets - aimed at improving the small details of user experience.
3) The presentation encourages other libraries, archives and museums to try incorporating UX techniques like behavioral mapping and cognitive interviews to inform design changes that enhance services for users.
3 Things Every Sales Team Needs to Be Thinking About in 2017Drift
Thinking about your sales team's goals for 2017? Drift's VP of Sales shares 3 things you can do to improve conversion rates and drive more revenue.
Read the full story on the Drift blog here: http://blog.drift.com/sales-team-tips
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
Are bloggers thought leaders? Here are some tips on how you can become one. Provide great value, put awesome content out there on a regular basis, and help others.
An immersive workshop at General Assembly, SF. I typically teach this workshop at General Assembly, San Francisco. To see a list of my upcoming classes, visit https://generalassemb.ly/instructors/seth-familian/4813
I also teach this workshop as a private lunch-and-learn or half-day immersive session for corporate clients. To learn more about pricing and availability, please contact me at http://familian1.com
The document discusses India's financial system, including money markets, capital markets, and financial intermediation. It describes key components of the money market like treasury bills, commercial papers, and call/notice money. The capital market deals in longer term instruments like stocks, bonds, and hybrid instruments. Financial intermediaries like banks, brokers, and investment banks facilitate the flow of funds between savers and borrowers. The system has grown significantly since the nationalization of banks and liberalization of the economy.
The document provides a technical analysis of global financial markets and forecasts a potential meltdown. It analyzes various asset classes and markets, including equities from several countries and indices, currencies, commodities, and interest rates. Most markets are given a bearish outlook, with technical indicators like RSI and MACD signaling downward trends. Correlations between declining volatility and subsequent sell-offs are also discussed. The analysis aims to help investors, traders, and managers with short-term risk management strategies.
The document appears to be a project report on reforms to the Indian financial system submitted by Rahul Jain. It includes sections on the executive summary, introduction, current structure of the financial system, what has changed in recent decades, the need and importance of the financial sector, banking and credit policy, and financial innovations. The report examines reforms to the Indian financial system over the past few decades and how the system has evolved.
This document provides an overview of global financial markets and their terminology. It discusses how trading occurs both on formal exchanges and over-the-counter markets. Financial exchanges provide price information, counterparty protection, and facilitate trading. OTC markets allow customization but lack exchange protections. Major debt, foreign exchange, and derivatives markets operate via OTC arrangements and inter-dealer brokers.
The document discusses designing teams and processes to adapt to changing needs. It recommends structuring teams so members can work within their competencies and across projects fluidly with clear roles and expectations. The design process should support the team and their work, and be flexible enough to change with team, organization, and project needs. An effective team culture builds an environment where members feel free to be themselves, voice opinions, and feel supported.
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Financial Markets Project
1. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 1
The Mortgage Market in Saudi Arabia
FINC 4302 - Financial Markets & Institutions
Spring 2014-2015
Bashaier Abdulsalam
( it was a team work )
May 6, 2015
2. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 2
Table of Contents
Section 1......................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................3
Aims and Objectives ...............................................................................................................................3
Section 2......................................................................................................................................................5
Saudi Arabian Mortgage Market .............................................................................................................5
Section 3......................................................................................................................................................9
Recommendations and Conclusion .........................................................................................................9
Part B 10
Saudi Arabia to Open Stock Market to Foreign Investors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=xTL3ydtpjA4.......................................................................................................................................10
References.................................................................................................................................................12
3. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 3
The Mortgage Market in Saudi Arabia
Section 1
Introduction
A mortgage market is defined as the interaction between lenders and home loans
borrowers. The rationale of the mortgage market is to provide home owners with an opportunity
of owning a home without going through hassles associated with owning a home (Shoult, 2006).
Just like a normal loan, mortgage products are tailored to the needs of those who would wish to
own a home by paying smaller amounts which are inclusive of interests charged (Fund, 2012).
This implies that as customers take mortgage loans, they should be prepared to pay out a given
amount within the scheduled time agreed with the bank. For example, if the customer is required
to pay the mortgage on a monthly basis, this protocol should be followed without contravening
the rules. The payments required by lenders are expected to service the mortgage product that
has been acquired.
Aims and Objectives
The main objective of this paper will be to analyze the mortgage market and understand
how it works in the context of a financial system. In this regard, this research paper will focus on
the Saudi Arabian mortgage market by highlighting various issues related to the financial sector.
In addition, the role of the mortgage market in the development of the Saudi Arabian economy
will be reviewed with the objective of understanding the benefits that come along and also the
challenges. It would be important to look at both sides of the coin in relation to the mortgage
market in Saudi Arabia (Abdeen & Shook, 1984). Challenges resulting from the development of
the mortgage market will be analyzed in order to get the right perspectives of the mortgage
market in the Arab nation.
4. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 4
Regulatory issues will also feature in this research paper and will help understand the
manner in which Saudi Arabia has formulated polices aimed at streaming the mortgage market.
For example, the activities of Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority will be outlined with regards to
improving the mortgage sector in the country. Banking is another discussion point that will
feature in this discussion and will be used to help understand how the institutions influence this
sector. In addition, a comparative analysis of existing mortgage laws and the banking policies
adopted will be undertaken with the objective of understanding how the latter has affected the
former. The final part of the research paper will provide a number of recommendations needed
for addressing various issues in the Saudi Arabian mortgage market.
Before advancing a mortgage, lenders asses the financial muscle of the borrower by
reviewing factors such as income and the assets owned by the client. These considerations are
instrumental for supporting the bank in the event of a default. Security is a requirement of many
lenders and is used for providing a backup plan that would cater for the default of loan
repayments (Peagum, 1985). The question of foreclosure has been associated with mortgage
loans and results when the borrower fails to live within the repayment agreement made during
the signing of the loan product. The fact that the customer took a mortgage makes them obligated
to provide securities for the purpose of recovery. Taking into account the risks associated with
foreclosures, lending institutions create requirements which have to be met by those taking the
housing loans.
The mortgage market is considered as an important segment of financial markets that
bolsters economic growth. Market analysts contend that the mortgage market enhances the
financial markets by increasing credit facilities. The increase in loans and borrowing activity is
good for the economy and helps build on the infrastructural needs of a given region. The real
5. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 5
estate sector was triggered by the loan packages introduced by banks to attract more home
owners to live the dream of owning a house. The flexible and customized components of home
loan products go a long way in sparking demand in the market (Shoult, 2006). According to
surveys on home ownership, many consumers would love to own a home now or in the near
future. These results are a reflection of the potential held by the mortgage market. As the main
regulator of market activities and financial markets, the government endeavors to provide
guidelines that would protect the interests of various stakeholders in the industry (Lessambo,
2013). The lessons on mortgage loans in the concluded recession are a stark reminder of the risks
posed to the mortgage market. It should be known that the mortgage market helps in
consolidating the dimensions of the financial markets by enhancing the movement of credit. As
more customers acquire credit for home ownership, the economy improves by attracting
investors from outside to come and invest in the domestic market. Hard choices have to be made
when it comes to assessing the movement of the mortgage market to avoid the emergence of
risks which triggered the financial recession of 2009. The trend of taking banks taking risks with
home ownership loans should be avoided meaning that mortgage players should play by the rules
in the market.
Section 2
Saudi Arabian Mortgage Market
The first mortgage law that Saudi Arabia needs to oblige by in order, to enhance the real
estate market is developing a licensing system that resonates with the regulations established by
the Central Bank. There have been differing opinions from mortgage analysts on the importance
of formalizing the licensing process. The importance of this process is reflected in the long term
where a sense of order and professionalism is exhibited in the market system (Lessambo, 2013).
6. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 6
For example, the conditions that led to loss in the value of homes in the recession can be
attributed to the lax attitude of mortgage companies in terms of consolidating the licensing
process. Therefore, enhancing the real estate market in Saudi Arabia requires concerted efforts in
terms of introducing licensing mechanisms that help create order in the market. The failure by
lending institutions to improve their lending controls led to irresponsibility and risk taking that
compromised the position of lenders and borrowers in the market.
Financial accessibility and effective provision of services is another law that Saudi
Arabia ought to adopt with regards to improving the situation of the mortgage sector in the
country. Accessing financial services is the first step that would help borrowers make efforts
towards owing their homes. Financial services matter in the course of developing the mortgage
market meaning that Saudi Arabia is obliged in terms of streamlining the financial sector by
fostering service delivery at all levels. A combination of service provision and convenience-
when accessing loan products from lenders- are the best options that Saudi Arabia needs to
oblige in order to develop a vibrant mortgage market sector (Shoult, 2006).
The first regulation by Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority published with regards to
mortgage financing laws is the Real Estate Finance Policy that gave power to SAMA in relation
to regulating the real estate industry. For example, the law allows SAMA to play an oversight
role in all activities related to the real estate sector. A good example of these roles is the
requirement for mortgage companies to provide information on the contract arrangements made
with borrowers and a detailed credit report. As the regulatory authority charged with playing an
oversight role in the real estate industry, SAMA ensures that all companies and stakeholders play
by the rules. Integrity issues are another factor considered in the development of this law. The
7. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 7
agency was tasked with the role of ensuring that integrity was observed at all levels while at the
same time protecting the interests of all stakeholders such as borrowers and banks.
Finance Lease Law is the second regulation published by SAMA to cater for the lease
agreements involving assets. Movable and immovable assets are also part of this category with
both the needs of those leasing and lessors taken into consideration (Lessambo, 2013). Given the
numerous conflicts resulting from the interaction between banks and consumers of home
products, the crafting of this legislation offered a new hope and direction in the way these two
parties would build a positive relationship devoid of issues such as mistrust and paying high fees
on acquisition of mortgage loan products. The registrar is also included in this provision and acts
as the appointed authority that issue operating licenses to players in the real estate industry.
Supervision of Companies law is the other regulation whose publishing focused on
financing laws in the mortgage market. In collaboration with SAMA, the implementation of the
regulation would entail regulating the activities of companies in the finance sector. The main
distinction between this law and the previous regulations is overseeing the inclusion of
companies dealing with finance apart from those in the mortgage industry. Governance issues
have been outlined in this law with attention being placed on the need for companies to develop
the right approaches for doing business in the industry.
The first benefit of mortgage financing to the citizens of Saudi and the overall economy
is access to credit facilities. Financing is key towards promoting a borrowing culture in the
country. There are concerns that most people in Saudi Arabia shy off from acquiring home loans
as a result of high charges (Abdeen & Shook, 1984). This shows the importance of easing the
access to financial support towards potential and existing home owners. Access to credit comes
first in relation to developing capital mobility in the economy. The mortgage industry has been
8. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 8
criticized in the past as lacking the right framework needed for meeting the needs of consumers.
The sensitive issue here is ability of consumers to acquire mortgage loans without having to
incur burdens as high interest rates and rigid requirements. An economy that provides credit
access to consumers grows faster and stronger as compared to a situation where access to credit
is low. In Saudi Arabia, the regulatory authorities have put in place laws meant to increase the
convenience of accessing credit facilities while at the same time relaxing the tough conditions
that ordinary folks are required to comply with. On the other hand, the benefits of developing an
effective lending system benefit the economy through, stabilization of the financial system and
improving growth. Indicators used to map growth in Saudi Arabia are inclusive of the mortgage
market that is thought to have a reasonable value.
Higher living standards and attraction of foreign investors is the other benefit of
mortgage financing to the people and economy of Saudi Arabia. When citizens are able to
acquire credit and build their own homes, chances are that they can reduce the cost of meeting
daily needs by getting a payment reprieve from mortgage companies. Under normal
circumstances, home owners who take loans are expected to pay the total amount in phases
which gives them an advantage as compared to buying the property in cash (Lessambo, 2013).
The loan packages in the mortgage market in Saudi Arabia have been fashioned with the needs
of consumers in mind. For example, the flexibility introduced by lenders in relation to repaying
the loan is considerable and provides ordinary folks with the stamina to own a home and manage
other needs. There is a direct relationship between economic growth and increase in the lending
nature of mortgage companies. The situation has been evidenced in Saudi Arabia where the
revenues coming from this sector have significantly improved the economy. It can be said that
investments that come from abroad into the Saudi Arabian economy have increased as a result of
9. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 9
a stable housing market that provides returns. The number of local and foreign investors in the
Saudi economy has increased thanks to the regulations introduced to maintain standards and
fulfil the needs of all stakeholders.
External price factor is one of the challenges facing the implementation of mortgage
financing in Saudi Arabia. International prices of mortgage have always determined the policy
adopted by the Saudi market. For example, there are times when reducing mortgage rates
becomes unfavorable despite of a decline in the international housing market prices. Adoption of
a new financial system is the other challenge facing the mortgage market in Saudi Arabia
(Peagum, 1985). For example, given that Saudi Arabia had no stable financial system in the past,
the introduction of this concept I the market has posed numerous challenges to all stakeholders.
Regulators for example, grapple with the emerging risks and the position of consumers in the
midst of a changing market system.
The banking industry in Saudi Arabia will be affected by formulation of new mortgage
laws such as Real Estate which have been mandated with making decisions related to the
operations of the industry. For example, undisclosed activities of financial institutions such as
risky bets will be prohibited and also protect the interests of consumers.
Section 3
Recommendations and Conclusion
Effective policy formulation is a requirement with regards to making meaningful changes
to the system of borrowing and financing in the mortgage market. As long as the right policies
are put into place, the mortgage industry of Saudi Arabia is set to grow in a robust fashion that
would build the much needed confidence (Abdeen & Shook, 1984).
10. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 10
Addressing market volatility is another recommendation that would work for the case of
Saudi Arabia in term of building its mortgage industry. Consumers would not only be protected
but would also get value from their loan contributions. The experience from the recession was
that the mortgage market is highly volatile and needs the right controls that would leverage the
needs of consumers in the long haul.
Mortgage financing in the Saudi Arabian market has gained momentum with the recent
diversification of the financial system used in the country. Regardless of challenges that face the
real estate market in Saudi Arabia, the benefits of this financing approach are evident in the
economic growth attained in the country. In addition, the introduction of healthy regulatory
policies has had a major impact on the economy with outfits such as SAMA playing an oversight
role of all mortgage related activities in the economy. Thanks to a thriving mortgage sector in
Saudi Arabia, the future looks bright for citizens and the economy in general.
Part B
Saudi Arabia to Open Stock Market to Foreign Investors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=xTL3ydtpjA4
The above video talks about the decision by Saudi Arabia to allow foreign investors to
buy stocks in the country and the diversification strategy currently used in detaching the
economy from dependence on oil revenues (Fox business, 2015). By allowing investors to buy
stocks, the country is focused on forming an inclusive and diverse economy that is aligned with
global perspectives.
The approach discussed in the above video about Saudi Arabia opening up its market
system to outside investors is happening in the country as evidenced by the current
diversification of other economic sectors. For example, the financial system and the stock market
11. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 11
have been improved to match international standards. By attracting foreign investors, the country
would not only make strides forward but also become an important player in the region. The
expansion of the mortgage market in Saudi Arabia is another aspect showing the current
economic diversification taking place in the Arab nation and supports the assertions made in the
above video.
The video adds to this research on the mortgage diversification approach used by Saudi
Arabia in diversifying the economy by investing in other sectors such as the financial markets.
The mortgage market developed in Saudi Arabia shows a transition by the country to a
knowledge economy that is in line with the emerging global trends. Given that oil is the main
natural resource in the country, looking into other sectors of the economy such as mortgage
financing has signaled the dawn of new economic reforms in Saudi Arabia. In summary, the
expertise analysis provided by the panelists in the video is an illustration of the gains made by
the Saudi Arabian economy and the future outlook.
12. THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 12
References
Abdeen, A., & Shook, D. N. (1984). The Saudi financial system, in the context of Western and
Islamic finance. Chichester [West Sussex: Wiley.
Fund, I. M. (2012). Saudi Arabia. International Monetary Fund.
Fox Business. (2015). Saudi Arabia to Open Stock Market to Foreign Investors. Accessed on 28th
April, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTL3ydtpjA4
Lessambo, F. I. (2013). The international banking system: Capital adequacy, core businesses
and risk management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Peagam, N. (1985). The industrialization of Saudi Arabia. London: Euro money Publications.
Shoult, A. (2006). Doing business with Saudi Arabia. London: Global Market Briefings.