Financial Institution Ch 1 III financial regulation (2).pptx
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18 Bank Regulation
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
The specific objectives of this chapter are to:
· ▪ describe the key regulations imposed on commercial banks,
· ▪ explain capital requirements of banks,
· ▪ explain how regulators monitor banks,
· ▪ explain the issues regarding government rescue of failed banks, and
· ▪ describe how the Financial Reform Act of 2010 affects the regulation of commercial bank operations.
Bank regulations are designed to maintain public confidence in the financial system by preventing commercial banks from becoming too risky.18-1 BACKGROUND
Because banks rely on funds from depositors, they have been subject to regulations that are intended to ensure the safety of the financial system. Many of the regulations are intended to prevent banks from taking excessive risk that could cause them to fail. In particular, regulations are imposed on the types of assets in which banks can invest, and the minimum amount of capital that banks must maintain. However, there are trade-offs due to bank regulation. Some critics suggest that the regulation is excessive, and it restricts banks from serving their owners. Banks might be more efficient if they were not subject to regulations. Given these trade-offs, regulations are commonly revised over time in response to bank conditions, as regulators seek the optimal level of regulation that ensures the safety of the banking system, but also allows banks to be efficient.
Many regulations of bank operations were removed or reduced over time, which allowed banks to become more competitive. Because of deregulation, banks have considerable flexibility in the services they offer, the locations where they operate, and the rates they pay depositors for deposits.
Yet some banks and other financial institutions engaged in excessive risk taking in the 2005–2007 period, which is one the reasons for the credit crisis in the 2008–2009 period. Many banks failed as a result of the credit crisis, and government subsidies were extended to many other banks in order to prevent more failures and restore financial stability. This has led to much scrutiny over existing regulations and proposals for new regulations that can still allow for intense competition while preventing bank managers from taking excessive risks. This chapter provides a background on the prevailing regulatory structure, explains how bank regulators attempted to resolve the credit crisis, and describes recent changes in regulations that are intended to prevent another crisis.18-2 REGULATORY STRUCTURE
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W ...
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Success demands these 6 things..
(The Secret Formula)
1. Hard Work
Don't believe in luck, believe in hard work.
Stop trying to rush the process or searching for a shortcut.
There is none.
2. Patience
If you are losing the patience, you are losing the battle.
First nothing happens, then it happens slowly and suddenly all at once.
Most people give up at stage one.
3. Sacrifice
If you don't sacrifice for what you want, then what you want becomes the sacrifice.
Everything has its price. The question is: Are you ready to pay it for the life you desire?
4. Consistency
Consistency is what transforms average into excellence.
Without consistency, you will never achieve greater success.
5. Discipline
Motivation gets you going, but discipline keeps you growing.
There will be days when you don't “feel” like doing it.
You have to push through those days regardless of how you feel.
6. Self Confidence
Confidence is, I'll be fine if they don't like me.
GOD BLESS YOU🙏❤️
EYA Oliver Uchenna®️Success demands these 6 things..
(The Secret Formula)
1. Hard Work
Don't believe in luck, believe in hard work.
Stop trying to rush the process or searching for a shortcut.
There is none.
2. Patience
If you are losing the patience, you are losing the battle.
First nothing happens, then it happens slowly and suddenly all at once.
Most people give up at stage one.
3. Sacrifice
If you don't sacrifice for what you want, then what you want becomes the sacrifice.
Everything has its price. The question is: Are you ready to pay it for the life you desire?
4. Consistency
Consistency is what transforms average into excellence.
Without consistency, you will never achieve greater success.
5. Discipline
Motivation gets you going, but discipline keeps you growing.
There will be days when you don't “feel” like doing it.
You have to push through those days regardless of how you feel.
6. Self Confidence
Confidence is, I'll be fine if they don't like me.
GOD BLESS YOU🙏❤️
EYA Oliver Uchenna®️Success demands these 6 things..
(The Secret Formula)
1. Hard Work
Don't believe in luck, believe in hard work.
Stop trying to rush the process or searching for a shortcut.
There is none.
2. Patience
If you are losing the patience, you are losing the battle.
First nothing happens, then it happens slowly and suddenly all at once.
Most people give up at stage one.
3. Sacrifice
If you don't sacrifice for what you want, then what you want becomes the sacrifice.
Everything has its price. The question is: Are you ready to pay it for the life you desire?
4. Consistency
Consistency is what transforms average into excellence.
Without consistency, you will never achieve greater success.
5. Discipline
Motivation gets you going, but discipline keeps you growing.
There will be days when you don't “feel” like doing it.
You have to push through those days regardless of how you feel.
6. Self
Maybank-Digital-Investor-Day-20231114.pdf
ADVICE TO ALL EMPLOYEES
1. Build a home earlier. Be it rural home or urban home. Building a house at 50 is not an achievement. Don't get used to government houses. This comfort is so dangerous. Let all your family have good time in your house.
2. Go home. Don't stick at work all the year. You are not the pillar of your department. If you drop dead today, you will be replaced immediately and operations will continue. Make your family a priority.
3. Don't chase promotions. Master your skills and be excellent at what you do. If they want to promote you, that's fine if they don't, stay positive to your personal.
development.
4. Avoid office or work gossip. Avoid things that tarnish your name or reputation. Don't join the bandwagon that backbites your bosses and colleagues. Stay away from negative gatherings that have only people as their agenda.
5. Don't ever compete with your bosses. You will burn your fingers. Don't compete with your colleagues, you will fry your brain.
6. Ensure you have a side business. Your salary will not sustain your needs in the long run.
7. Save some money. Let it be deducted automatically from your payslip.
8. Borrow a loan to invest in a business or to change a situation not to buy luxury. Buy luxury from your profit.
9. Keep your life,marriage and family private. Let them stay away from your work. This is very important.
10. Be loyal to yourself and believe in your work. Hanging around your boss will alienate you from your colleagues and your boss may finally dump you when he leaves.
11. Retire early. The best way to plan for your exit was when you received the employment letter. The other best time is today. By 40 to 50 be out.
12. Join work welfare and be an active member always. It will help you a lot when any eventuality occurs.
13.Take leave days utilize them by developing yr future home or projects..usually what you do during yr leave days is a reflection of how you'll live after retirement..If it means you spend it all holding a remote control watching series on Zee world, expect nothing different after retirement.
14. Start a project whilst still serving or working. Let your project run whilst at work and if it doesn't do well, start another one till it's running viably. When your project is viably running then retire to manage your business. Most people or pensioners fail in life because they retire to start a project instead of retiring to run a project.
15. Pension money is not for starting a project or buy a stand or build a house but it's money for your upkeep or to maintain yourself in good health. Pension money is not for paying school fees or marrying a young wife but to look after yourself.
16. Always remember, when you retire never be a case study for living a miserable life after retirement but be a role model for colleagues to think of retiring too.
17. Don't retire just because you are finished or you are now a burden to the company and just wait for your day t
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The specific objectives of this chapter are to:
· ▪ describe the key regulations imposed on commercial banks,
· ▪ explain capital requirements of banks,
· ▪ explain how regulators monitor banks,
· ▪ explain the issues regarding government rescue of failed banks, and
· ▪ describe how the Financial Reform Act of 2010 affects the regulation of commercial bank operations.
Bank regulations are designed to maintain public confidence in the financial system by preventing commercial banks from becoming too risky.18-1 BACKGROUND
Because banks rely on funds from depositors, they have been subject to regulations that are intended to ensure the safety of the financial system. Many of the regulations are intended to prevent banks from taking excessive risk that could cause them to fail. In particular, regulations are imposed on the types of assets in which banks can invest, and the minimum amount of capital that banks must maintain. However, there are trade-offs due to bank regulation. Some critics suggest that the regulation is excessive, and it restricts banks from serving their owners. Banks might be more efficient if they were not subject to regulations. Given these trade-offs, regulations are commonly revised over time in response to bank conditions, as regulators seek the optimal level of regulation that ensures the safety of the banking system, but also allows banks to be efficient.
Many regulations of bank operations were removed or reduced over time, which allowed banks to become more competitive. Because of deregulation, banks have considerable flexibility in the services they offer, the locations where they operate, and the rates they pay depositors for deposits.
Yet some banks and other financial institutions engaged in excessive risk taking in the 2005–2007 period, which is one the reasons for the credit crisis in the 2008–2009 period. Many banks failed as a result of the credit crisis, and government subsidies were extended to many other banks in order to prevent more failures and restore financial stability. This has led to much scrutiny over existing regulations and proposals for new regulations that can still allow for intense competition while preventing bank managers from taking excessive risks. This chapter provides a background on the prevailing regulatory structure, explains how bank regulators attempted to resolve the credit crisis, and describes recent changes in regulations that are intended to prevent another crisis.18-2 REGULATORY STRUCTURE
The regulatory structure of the banking system in the United States is dramatically different from that of other countries. It is often referred to as a dual banking system because it includes both a federal and a state regulatory system. There are more than 6,000 separately owned commercial banks in the United States, which are supervised by three federal agencies and 50 state agencies. The regulatory structure in other countries is much simpler.
W ...
Chapter 2- The Impact on Government Policy and Regulation.pdf
The document discusses government regulation of the banking and financial services industry. It covers the reasons for regulation including protecting public savings, controlling money supply, and promoting fairness. Major laws that originated banking regulation in the US are discussed, including the National Currency Acts of 1863-1864, the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, and the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933. The Glass-Steagall Act established the FDIC, separated commercial and investment banking, and prohibited risky bank activities until it was partially repealed in 1999.
Insolvency law in uae amrita roy chowdhury
The document discusses insolvency laws in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It outlines the key pieces of legislation governing insolvency, including limitations of the current framework. The importance of developed insolvency laws for protecting creditors and facilitating investment is highlighted. Main drawbacks of the UAE's existing insolvency system include limited applicability, a slow court-based process, and criminal liability for debtors. The evolution of the insolvency market in the UAE is discussed, along with key proposed features and procedures of a new insolvency law aimed at being less punitive and facilitating reorganization over liquidation.
US Financial Regulatory Update
1. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Wall Street Reform Act) was signed into law in 2010 to comprehensively regulate the financial sector in response to the 2007-2010 financial crisis.
2. Key provisions of the Act include granting the SEC authority to establish a fiduciary standard for broker-dealers, modifying the definition of "accredited investor," permitting the SEC to restrict mandatory arbitration agreements, and bringing hedge funds and private equity funds over $150 million in assets under SEC regulation.
3. The Act also creates new regulatory bodies, studies various financial industry topics, and changes regulations regarding issues like investment advisor disclosures, insurance, and performance-based fees.
Lecture 10 - Financial Regulation
This document provides an overview of financial regulation and its economic rationale. It discusses how government safety nets like deposit insurance can create moral hazard issues but are still necessary to prevent bank runs. It also describes different types of financial regulation, including restrictions on asset holdings, capital requirements, disclosure requirements, consumer protection laws, and international coordination challenges. The goal of regulation is to reduce asymmetric information problems while not unduly limiting competition.
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Success demands these 6 things..
(The Secret Formula)
1. Hard Work
Don't believe in luck, believe in hard work.
Stop trying to rush the process or searching for a shortcut.
There is none.
2. Patience
If you are losing the patience, you are losing the battle.
First nothing happens, then it happens slowly and suddenly all at once.
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3. Sacrifice
If you don't sacrifice for what you want, then what you want becomes the sacrifice.
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5. Discipline
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There will be days when you don't “feel” like doing it.
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EYA Oliver Uchenna®️Success demands these 6 things..
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1. Build a home earlier. Be it rural home or urban home. Building a house at 50 is not an achievement. Don't get used to government houses. This comfort is so dangerous. Let all your family have good time in your house.
2. Go home. Don't stick at work all the year. You are not the pillar of your department. If you drop dead today, you will be replaced immediately and operations will continue. Make your family a priority.
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development.
4. Avoid office or work gossip. Avoid things that tarnish your name or reputation. Don't join the bandwagon that backbites your bosses and colleagues. Stay away from negative gatherings that have only people as their agenda.
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11. Retire early. The best way to plan for your exit was when you received the employment letter. The other best time is today. By 40 to 50 be out.
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Success demands these 6 things..
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1. Hard Work
Don't believe in luck, believe in hard work.
Stop trying to rush the process or searching for a shortcut.
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2. Patience
If you are losing the patience, you are losing the battle.
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Don't believe in luck, believe in hard work.
Stop trying to rush the process or searching for a shortcut.
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Success demands these 6 things..
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Stop trying to rush the process or searching for a shortcut.
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Without consistency, you will never achieve greater success.
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Motivation gets you going, but discipline keeps you growing.
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Digital Lendings Relationship Officer
Expired 5 months ago!
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Job Description:
Digital Lendings Relationship Officer
Place of work- Addis Ababa
DB/ Vacancy-0077/23
Job Summary
Digital Lendingss Relationship Officer is Responsible for assisting Digital Lenging Relationship Manager in the process of relationship and partnership creation and management, and product & digital lending business development and enhancement to deliver best quality service to customers with the expectation of increasing profitability and/or reducing operational expense and risks of different nature, ensure health-check of the different digital value propositions, compliance to regulatory directions, take proactive measures to identify early warning signals to keep management informed.
Job Requirements:
Academic & Professional Qualification
Economics, and/or related fields is an added advantage.
Bachelor Degree in Accounting, Economics, Business Administration, Management, Marketing Managerment, and/or related fields.
Master’s in Accounting, Economics, Business Administration, Management, Marketing Management, and/or related fields is an added advantage.
Experience
Minimum of 4 (four) years relevant work experience on similar roles.
Behavioral & Leadership Competency
Leadership and people management including performance management, coaching & mentoring.
Demonstrated business acumen - able to create strategy and actions that impact business success.
High-level interpersonal and cross-cultural skills, including ability to build consensus, alliances and collaborative relationships with sensitivity to diversity/inclusion.
Creativity and innovation skills, with ability to use technology and other modern tools to drive decision making and implementation.
Strategic thinking and decision making- ability to consider emerging trends/developments and long-term opportunities for Dashen Bank.
Professionalism and integrity in line with Dashen Bank values.
High-level oral and written communication skills.
Critical and analytical thinking and problem solving skills
Personal motivation and drive exhibited through commitment to hard work, continuous improvement and achievement of goals.
Good customer relationship management skills (internal and external customers)
Risk awareness and focus- demonstrates understanding of risk management practices, standards and regulatory requirements
Effective stakeholder management.
Required Technical Competency
Experience working cross-functionally to develop new ideas and
CostAccumulationPresentation-Nov2012.ppt
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Latest Jobs
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Employers
Copyright 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Get In Touch
Snap Plaza 8th floor, Bole Next to The Millennium hall. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
info@ethiojobs.net
+251-116-67-33-24
+251-924-91-08-47
Get Social
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
YouTube
Telegram
Links
About Us
Contact Us
FAQs
Copyright 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Digital Lendings Relationship Officer
Expired 5 months ago!
Related Jobs
Banking and Insurance Jobs Senior Level Jobs Dashen Bank S.C Jobs
Job Description:
Digital Lendings Relationship Officer
Place of work- Addis Ababa
DB/ Vacancy-0077/23
Job Summary
Digital Lendingss Relationship Officer is Responsible for assisting Digital Lenging Relationship Manager in the process of relationship and partnership creation and management, and product & digital lending business development and enhancement to deliver best quality service to customers with the expectation of increasing profitability and/or reducing operational expense and risks of different nature, ensure health-check of the different digital value propositions, compliance to regulatory directions, take proactive measures to identify early warning signals to keep management informed.
Job Requirements:
Academic & Professional Qualification
Economics, and/or related fields is an added advantage.
Bachelor Degree in Accounting, Economics, Business Administration, Management, Marketing Managerment, and/or related fields.
Master’s in Accounting, Economics, Business Administration, Management, Marketing Management, and/or related fields is an added advantage.
Experience
Minimum of 4 (four) years relevant work experience on similar roles.
Behavioral & Leadership Competency
Leadership and people management including performance management, coaching & mentoring.
Demonstrated business acumen - able to create strategy and actions that impact business success.
High-level interpersonal and cross-cultural skills, including ability to build consensus, alliances and collaborative relationships with sensitivity to diversity/inclusion.
Creativity and innovation skills, with ability to use technology and other modern tools to drive decision making and implementation.
Strategic thinking and decision making- ability to consider emerging trends/developments and long-term opportunities for Dashen Bank.
Professionalism and integrity in line with Dashen Bank values.
High-level oral and written communication skills.
Critical and analytical thinking and problem solving skills
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Good customer relationship management skills (internal and external customers)
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Financial management for Business CoursesPPT.ppt
The Commercial Bank of Ethiopia has been becoming a leader, pioneer, and role model for the country's financial industry, especially the banking industry. Currently, it aspires “to become a world-class commercial bank, financially driving Ethiopia’s future'', and it is working to provide banking services tailored to the needs of its esteemed customers. The bank has carried out a comprehensive assessment and strategy design work and drawn a business reform road map. Based on the assessment, reforms and organizational restructurings have been done. Accordingly, the bank has introduced a new customer-centric business model and undertaken amendments to its organizational structure in order to render effective service based on customer segments. Following this, new divisions and departments were established; the Micro Business Banking under the Wholesale Banking Division was established to address the banking needs of all individual and non-individual businesses.
The main objective of the department was to provide financing access to microbusiness customers. Since the number of microbusiness customers is very high, using digital channels has been considered an essential alternative. Due to this, the department has been assigned to provide digital micro saving and lending, which is the most efficient and effective form.
The strategic initiatives planned to achieve the department’s objectives have been successfully implemented, and the DMSL service is under a pilot test. However, there have been some problems that could be fixed only by restructuring the department, and the current structure is not conducive to providing successful digital loans. The digital lending being in a pilot test is also not going according to plan, and its performance status is not satisfactory. Due to those situations, I have been initiated to come up with this concept note, and I hope you will enrich and work on it to provide a successful solution.
2. Background
Technological advancements have significantly transformed the way services are delivered, leading to a shift in customer expectations and demands. Financial services are now focusing on providing seamless digital banking transactions and personalized engagements. Digital lending platforms are making lending easier, more accessible, and more efficient. Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) is leading in achieving national financial inclusion by establishing dedicated departments and implementing initiatives to improve the customer experience. This concept note proposes a structural adjustment for the recently established department called micro business banking department established under the wholesale banking division. The detail background leads me to this initiative is detailed as follow.
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Understanding the Structure of a Successful Digital Credit Provider in Kenya.
Kenya's financial services sector is embracing FinTech, with digital credit providers like Tala, Zenka Digital, and Ksmart leveraging AI, machine learning, robotic process automation, data analytics, and blockchain. A fintech in the lending space may cater to various kinds of product offerings, which can be broadly categorized as follows:
1. Consumer loans
2. Personal loans
3. Business or MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise) loans
1. What are the critical back-end tech solutions/integrations needed?
1. Customer acquisition
2. Application, website, and/or app
3. Verification APIs
4. Credit underwriting/ Scorecards/Fraud detection
5. Credit Bureau Integration
6. Automatic analysis of qualitative factors
7. Disbursement/Repayment
8. Collection/Recovery
9. Loan Management System (LMS)/Accounting
10. Legal
Let's delve deeper into each of the above for a deeper understanding.
1.1. Customer acquisition
Drawing in customers is a top priority for any fintech. There are various methods or sources through which a DCP acquires its customers. The customer acquisition process may differ for each lending institution depending on their product, the area in which they operate, the customer profile, etc. To attract potential borrowers, leverage digital marketing strategies, social media, and partnerships with relevant platforms. Focus on providing a seamless user experience to make your platform stand out from existing or traditional lenders.
1.2. Application, website, app or USSD
Develop a user-friendly and intuitive digital platform for borrowers to apply for loans easily. Mobile apps have become increasingly popular in Fintech, allowing users to access services conveniently. Consider application login through Gmail, social media, and so on to enable the user to seamlessly log in to the mobile application for the website without creating any new login credentials. At the same time, this also provides the Fintech with the profile of the loan applicant. Do you need customers to upload documents for KYC/AML verification? Ensure your platform allows uploading these documents and has back-end integration to verify the documents' authenticity. Consider using the different available Optical Recognition Technologies (OCR), which should be able to read the data from the documents provided and create the text. For verification and authentication of the information in the documents, the Fintech can develop its software and subscribe to various services or do an API integration with a service provider who can provide such services. The main goal is to give users a comfortable journey, so they must manually type minimum information.
1.3. Verifying APIs
Integrated person’s registry system (IPRS) is Kenya'sKenya's reputed organization providing APIs for KYC, Identity, etc., suitable for all lending businesses. The IPRS system aims to consolidate population information into a
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Introduction
In life, there are universal laws that govern everything we do. These laws are so perfect that if you were to align yourself with them, you could have so much prosperity that it would be coming out of your ears. This is because God created the universe in the image and likeness of him. It is failure to follow the universal laws that causes one to fail. The laws that were created consisted of the following: ·
Law of Gratitude: The Law of Gratitude states that you must show gratitude for what you have. By having gratitude, you speed your growth and success faster than you normally would. This is because if you appreciate the things you have, even if they are small things, you are open to receiving more.
Law of Attraction: The Law of Attraction states that if you focus your attention on something long enough you will get it. It all starts in the mind. You think of something and when you think of it, you manifest that in your life. This could be a mental picture of a check or actual cash, but you think about it with an image.
Law of Karma: the Law of Karma states that if you go out and do something bad, it will come back to you with something bad. If you do well for others, good things happen to you. The principle here is to know you can create good or bad through your actions. There will always be an effect no matter what.
Law of Love: the Law of Love states that love is more than emotion or feeling; it is energy. It has substance and can be felt. Love is also considered acceptance of oneself or others. This means that no matter what you do in life if you do not approach or leave the situation out of love, it won't work.
Law of Allowing: The Law of Allowing states that for us to get what we want, we must be receptive to it. We can't merely say to the Universe that we want something if we don't allow ourselves to receive it. This will defeat our purpose for wanting it in the first place.
Law of Vibration: the Law of Vibration states that if you wish on something and use your thoughts to visualize it, you are halfway there to get it. To complete the cycle you must use the Law of Vibration to feel part of what you want. Do this and you'll have anything you want in life.
For everything to function properly there has to be structure. Without structure, our world, or universe, would be in utter chaos. Successful people understand universal laws and apply them daily. They may not acknowledge that to you, but they do follow the laws. There is a higher power and this higher power controls the universe and what we get out of it. People who know this, but wish to direct their own lives, follow the reasons. Successful people don't sit around and say "I'll try," they say yes and act on it.
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The law of attraction is the most powerful force in the universe. If you work against it, it can only bring you pain and misery. Successful people know this but have kept it hidden from the lower class for centuries because th
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Power of Personal Appearance
Image management is the ongoing process of evaluating and controlling the impact of your appearance and the resulting response on you and others.
The concept of image management applies to anyone who has ever needed to improve self-image, self-esteem, self-confidence, capability and credibility. It applies to anyone who has ever wanted to get an idea across to someone else, to influence opinion or action is it in the home, school, church, community or business setting. It is creating an authentic, appropriate, attractive, and affordable image. Intelligence, knowledge, ability, initiative, and effort are vital to success of any kind, but regardless of whom you are, how old, and what your role or goal, ongoing image management can give you the personal/professional presence you need.
As an individual living and working in a highly complex and competitive society, you must recognize and understand the impact of your appearance as it communicates first to you and then to others. What you wear and the way you look affects:
1. The Way You Think
You can’t afford to think negatively about yourself due to some aspect of your appearance. When you appear authentic, attractive, and appropriate, you think more positively about yourself, your situation, and others.
2. The Way You Feel
You can’t afford to feel depressed, unproductive, uncomfortable, antagonistic, argumentative, self-conscious, inferior, or full of self-doubt. A positive personal appearance is a fast, effective way to boost self-confidence and overcome anxiety regarding ability or acceptance. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you feel more comfortable, confident, capable, cooperative and productive.
3. The Way You Act or Behave
You can’t afford to act awkward, insecure, submissive, out-of-place, or out-of-order. Nor can you afford to act defensive, arrogant, aggressive, affected, superior, or conceited. A positive personal appearance is one of the most effective ways to improve behavior and enhance performance level or productivity. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you act more secure, at ease, mannerly, competent, and naturally able to do your best.
4. The Way Others React and Respond to You
Your appearance is the one personal characteristic that is immediately obvious and accessible to others. You can’t hide it. Your appearance makes a strong statement about your personality, values, attitudes, interests, knowledge, abilities, roles, and goals. You can’t afford to be seen as disrespectful, antagonistic, affected, scatterbrained, irresponsible, ineffective, or unproductive. You can’t afford to create a negative impression or to build barriers between you and others because of unattractive, inappropriate, distracting, or offensive appearance.
When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and ap
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Digital credit process and the steps to obtain an instant loan
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𝙰𝚕𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚢𝚎𝚑𝚞 𝚂𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚑
𝙰𝚕𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚢𝚎𝚑𝚞 𝚂𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚑
Digital Marketing Manager @ Bank of Abyssinia | Marketing Management MA
Published Jul 9, 2023
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Digital Lending has made it possible for many people to access the funds they need quickly and securely, without having to worry about paperwork or trips to physical banks and collateral. With competitive rates, flexible repayment plans, and fast disbursement of funds – digital lending is changing the way we view financing.
Digital lending is the process of obtaining a loan online through digital channels such as mobile apps and websites. And, this process has been gaining popularity in recent years in our country due to its convenience and ease of use. There are noteworthy examples of this. One is Michu, a platform by the Cooperative Bank of Oromia that offers credit based on a borrower's score. It specifically provided for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Another is Telebirr's different types of microloan services offered in collaboration with Dashen Bank. This service allows users to obtain small loans without needing collateral, using their credit score as a basis. Additionally, the Bank of Abyssinia's different Apollo instant digital loans, which is set to launch this month.
The digital credit process typically consists of the following major activities. And, the borrower will need to research and compare the existing digital lending platforms to find one that suits his needs. He should consider factors such as service charges, interest rates, loan terms, eligibility criteria, and customer reviews.
Create an account: Once the borrower has selected a provider, he will need to create an account on their platform. This typically involves providing basic personal information (name, address, phone number, email) and setting up a username and password.
Loan Application: Once he has chosen a lender, the borrower will need to fill out an online application form. This typically involves providing personal information (like name and address), financial information (such as income, employment status, and outstanding debts), and the purpose of the loan.
Document Submission: After filling out the application, the borrower will usually need to submit supporting documents. These might include proof of identity, proof of income (like pay stubs or tax returns), and bank statements. Thanks to digital technology, these documents can often be uploaded directly to the platform.
Consent to a credit check: Most digital credit providers will perform a credit check as part of the application process. By agreeing to a credit check, the borrower needs to give the provider permission to access his credit history and score, which will be used to assess his creditworthiness.
Review the loan terms: If the application is approved, the provider will present the borrower with a loan offer,
The FinTech Organisation Sstructure.pptx
Digital Lending Platform: The only guide you’ll ever need(https://moba.finance/what-is-digital-lending-platform/)
New changes in rates, regulations, competitions, and new technologies all the more increase this pressure of digital lending. Banks need a new lending technology to rapidly adapt to market shifts and stay ahead of competitors.
Fortunately, a Digital Lending Platform can help banks address all those challenges.
What is Digital Lending Platform
A Digital Lending Platform automates the journey from application to disbursement for any lending product—be it mortgages, consumer loans, or deposit accounts.
With Digital Lending Platforms, banks can acquire and assess customers faster while enhancing back-office processes and reducing costs. It helps banks solve these challenges by delivering an all-in-one place to manage individual customers’ lending journey—from application, underwriting, to disbursement and collection.
In today’s everything-digital world, customers are so used to the seamless and intuitive shopping experience from Momo, Shopee, and Grab. They expect the same thing from lending. Customers demand the ability to apply for loans and are disbursed online via digital platforms, without having to visit the physical branch.
Below are some of the capabilities of a Digital Lending Platform:
Seamless customer experiences from application to collection
With the Digital Lending Platform, your potential lenders can use any device—be it the mobile phone, tablet, or desktop—to apply for loans and complete the follow-up tasks to receive the disbursement. The platform supports everything involved in the lending workflow, which involves connecting to their bank account, uploading documents, completing the eKYC process, providing e-signature, … All that is customizable to meet banks’ unique requirements.
Role-based tools for loan officers
A Digital Lending Platform provides each officer with a digital workspace to support lenders. The workspace typically includes interfaces for managing applications, communicating with customers online to complete follow-ups, providing settlement and closing services, and engaging with referral partners.
Automated verification and accuracy checks
By directly connecting to financial data sources, the digital lending platform helps banks eliminate the use of paper. It makes approvals faster and reduces fraud risk by integrating a wide range of eKYC solutions to verify customers’ identity, assets, employment, and income.
Data-driven workflows and automated decisioning
The Digital Lending Platform applies workflows that loan officers can customize themselves without having to write codes. The result is that manual, paper-based processes are reduced significantly. Also, it can automate requests for information, which provides underwriters with accurate and up-to-date loan files to finalize credit decisioning. In addition, the platform can automatically apply bank’s credit policies to unlock more efficiency
Supply Chain Financing to MSMEs businesses PPT.ppt
Bank
Management
In Africa, women entrepreneurs play a growing role in diversifying production and services. However, they are facing the problem of financial shortage; a recent report by the African Development Bank showed that there is an estimated $42 billion financing gap for female entrepreneurs in Africa. The study demonstrated that women are facing more difficult conditions than men entrepreneurs such as limited access to key resources (including land and credit), the legal and regulatory framework, and the socio-cultural environment. The economy's full potential cannot be realized if half of its population cannot fully contribute, and women have faced many hurdles in the entrepreneurship journey, prompting responsible bodies to devise affirmative solutions.
Ethiopia's female population is 49.8%, but small businesses owned by women only make up 16.5% of the total number of entrepreneurs. Limited access to finance, business networks, development services, and business management skills hinders women entrepreneurs. The government is promoting women entrepreneurs through initiatives like training and financial support. The Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) is introducing a customer-centric business model to cater to its customers' needs and values. The bank aims to increase the outreach of financial products and services to a larger population, particularly women who own business enterprises. The bank has established a micro business department to adjust itself with the micro business loan demanding customers. These factors can be considered as business drivers and factors enforcing CBE to come up with a gender-specific solution.
The micro business banking department conducted a feasibility study on financing women-owned Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and has proposed a collateral-free loan product to bridge the financial gap. In the feasibility study it has been also demonstrated that financing women owned MSMEs could promote financial inclusion and economic empowerment, boosting growth and forming the backbone of vibrant economies.
Therefore, this proposal aims to provide a method how CBE should finance for selected formal women-owned MSMEs in Ethiopia to alleviate their financing gap. It is being proposed that, the CBE shall start the product by making a pilot test for women-owned microbusinesses from Addis Ababa City Administration, with local stakeholders providing data, support, and training for three years. The bank could be benefited from implementing this proposal to attract and retain micro customers, penetrate the micro credit-market, and to adjust itself with the micro customers’ demand.
2. Objectives of the proposal
2.1. General Objectives
This proposal aims to provide customized microloans for women MSMEs to ensure equitable resource allocation and profitability for the bank.
2.2. Specific Objectives
• To play a major role in supporting and promoting women-owned MSMEs through availing useful and affordable loan
Introduction to Financial Management ppt.ppt
1.1. Nature and Definition of Auditing
Different scholars have defined auditing in different ways. For example, Auditing is a process of collection and evaluation of evidence for the purpose of reporting on economic transaction. The other definition of auditing given by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, in its publication titled, General Guidelines on Internal Auditing has defined auditing as ‘ a systematic and independent evaluation of data, statements, records, operations and performances ( financial or otherwise) of an enterprise for stated purpose. In any auditing situation, the auditor perceives and recognizes the propositions before him for examination, collects evidence, evaluates the same and on this basis formulates his/her judgment which is communicated through audit report.
As it is cited in Kanal Gupta and Arora A.(1996,p6), Arens and Loebbecke defined auditing as the process by which a complete, independent person accumulates and evaluates evidence about quantifiable information related to specific economic entity for the purpose of determining and reporting on the degree of correspondence between the quantifiable information and established criteria. To sum up, Auditing is the process of verifying the assertions produced by accounting, as to whether they present a true and fair view of the entity's financial position in accordance with accounting standards and GAAP. In other words, auditing seeks to verify whether or not financial records have been properly prepared.
Study Note
The term audit is derived from the Latin term ‘audire,’ which means to hear. In early days an auditor used to listen to the accounts read over by an accountant in order to check them Auditing is as old as accounting.
It was in use in all ancient countries such as Mesopotamia, Greece, Egypt. Rome, U.K. and India. The Vedas contain reference to accounts and auditing.
The original objective of auditing was to detect and prevent errors and frauds and most recently objective of audit shifted to ascertain whether the accounts were true and fair rather than detection of errors and frauds.
Auditing evolved and grew rapidly after the industrial revolution in the 18th century with the growth of the joint stock companies the ownership and management became separate.
The shareholders who were the owners needed a report from an independent expert on the accounts of the company managed by the board of directors who were the employees.
1.2. Historical Development of Auditing
The development of auditing is closely linked to the development of accounting. In the early stage of civilization, the number of transaction was usually so small that able to record the transactions himself. However, with the growth of civilization and consequential growth in volume and complexity of transactions, it becomes necessary to entrust the job of recording the transactions to other persons. The trend started with maintenance of accounts to empires by public officials
A Strategic Planning Presentation PPT.pptx
Today’s complex global challenges require partnerships across sectors and societies to achieve equitable and sustainable results for stakeholders and realize strategic objectives stipulated. The United Nations General Assembly defines partnerships as voluntary and collaborative relationship between various parties, both public and non-public, in which all participants agree to work together to achieve a common purpose or undertake a specific task and, as mutually agreed, to share risks, responsibilities, resources and benefits.
Alexander et al. (2001) also defines partnership as strategically formed relationship between organizations that involve varying degrees of resource sharing, joint decision making, and collaborative work to address common interests, and achieve shared goals. While there are many theoretically recognized benefits and advantages to partnerships, the answer to why one seeks to establish partnership is relatively simple. The presumption is that, there is added value in working with other organizations .
Strategically, the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) has adopted partnering with developmental organs (Regional Organs) and collaboration institutions strategic response in crafting both local and foreign currency resource mobilization strategies.
A strategic partnering for CBE is nothing but it is a form of an agreement with government/public organs/Institutions under the theme of mutual growth and success. In other words, it is forming a strong relationship with organizations like governmental organs that have shared interest, vision, goal & objectives (development) in order to reach a new market and excel competitors/rivals by providing excellent banking services.
On the other hand, collaboration for CBE shall mean work with another organ in order to achieve or do something that sounds disarmingly simple and coordinating the efforts of employees and resource deployed in providing services and selling of products. Since then, it is struggling to implement these strategic responses accordingly at all level of the bank in the course of resource mobilization tasks.
According to the revised Deposit Mobilization Strategy for 2015/16-2019/20 outlines various strategic responses for deposit mobilization. Strengthening Collaboration with Development Partners is one of them. The document begins by stating the invaluable importance of strategic partners in the success of CBE over the past strategic periods and without the active support of partners, CBE’s deposit mobilization effort would have been very difficult, if not impossible.
But the strategy document stresses that it is not sufficient to sustain their support for long unless the CBE understands their interest or demand and support their area of concern as much as possible.
In 2017, CBE undertook an assessment on the possible areas of engagement with Developmental Partners (DPs) . In this assessment, it is observed that there has been limited understanding about the concep
Concept of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) fINAL PPT.ppt
• Type and location of collateral;
• Evidence of collateral (title deed No., booklet No, etc);
• The security/collateral coverage (the security-to-loan ratio) is as per the Bank’s requirement;
• The comment of the Bank engineers’ on the property estimation format;
• The completeness of the collateral documentation;
• The strength of the collateral depends on the stability of its realizable value and convertibility to cash as and when desired; and
• Other collateral risks, if any.
5. Management/Owner of the business:
• The number and breakdown of the employees of the business and their educational qualification;
• Comment on the experience and skills of the owner/management of the business;
• Assess the character, competence and capacity of the owner/management of the business;
• The integrity of the borrower;
• The borrower’s past track record;
• The borrower’s response to the Bank’s information requirements;
• The willingness of the borrower to allow the Bank’s authorized personnel to have access to the books of records as well as to the business and the collateral; and
• Management/ownership risk, if any.
6. Key Customers and Suppliers of the Business:
Identify the main customers and suppliers of the business and comment on the terms of the trade for sales and purchases.
7. Credit Exposure
All existing lending exposure, types, terms, repayments and status of the loans within the Bank and other banks clearly indicated.
8. Borrower’s Loan Account Performance
This assessment shall be conducted when the borrower is or was a customer of the CBE. The Lending Officer should clearly indicate the utilization of the credit facilities and/or loan repayments of the applicant. (Attach the range of account/Overdraft utilization worksheet).
9. Condition of Fixed Assets
Analyze the age and condition of the fixed assets (buildings, machinery, equipment, etc.) owned by the business;
Identify any plans for asset replacement, or expansion in the next years.
10. Financial Statement Analysis
The Lending Officers must assess the repayment capacity of a business to meet its loan and identify the source of repayment. The Lending Officer must also have done a ratio analysis in order to assess the customer ability to repay his/her/its debt.
The Lending Officer must analyze and interpret the cash-flow and the financial ratios from the historical financial accounts of the business. If the Lending Officer has a computer, he/she must have prepare the CBE Financial Analysis Spreadsheet and attached therewith.
Ratios are the main tools of financial analysis. There are an endless number of ratios that could be established between the figures in a set of financial statements. Nonetheless, the Lending Officer must calculate at least the following ratios that will give useful information to the Bank. The Lending Officer must also compare each ratio from the previous periods. The reason for any major changes from one period to another must be ascertained t
Auditing Short Note.pdf for accounting and finance
አምስት የውጭ አገር ባንኮች በኢትዮጵያ ፈቃድ ሊሰጣቸው ነው ተብሏል።
አምስት የውጭ አገር ባንኮች ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ገብተው አገልግሎት ለመስጠት የሚያስችላቸው ፈቃድ እንደሚሰጣቸው የኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ ባንክ አስታወቀ።
አገር በቀል ባንኮች ከወዲሁ ከፍተኛ ዝግጅት ማድረግ እና ቀድሞ የነበራቸውን ስትራቴጂ መከለስ እንዳለባቸውም አሳስቧል።
የኢትዮጵያ ብሄራዊ ባንክ የገንዘብ ተቋማት ዘርፍ ምክትል ገዥ አቶ ሠለሞን ደስታ ከኢፕድ ጋር ባደረጉት ቆይታ፤ የአገር ውስጥ የፋይናንስ ተቋማትን ከማጠናከር ጎን ለጎንም የውጭ ባንኮችን ወደ አገር ውስጥ ለማስገባት እየተሰራ ነው።
‹‹ሥራውን አሁን እያጠናቀቅን ነው። አዋጁን የመከለስ ሥራውንም እያጠናቀቅን ነው:: ከለጋሾች አንዳንድ ግብዓቶችን እየጠየቅን ነው። በወራት ዕድሜ ለህዝብ እንደራሴዎች ይቀርባል:: ስለዚህ ስራው እየተፋጠነ ነው” ብለዋል አቶ ሠለሞን።
በሚቀጥሉት አምስት ዓመታት ከሦስት እስከ አምስት ለሚደርሱ የውጭ ባንኮች ፈቃድ ለመስጠት እቅድ ተይዞ እየተሰራ መሆኑንም አቶ ሠለሞን ገልጸዋል።
እንደ ምክትል ገዥው ገለጻ፤ የውጭ ባንኮች የአገር ውስጥ ባንኮችን ከገበያ እንዳያስወጧቸው የአገር ውስጥ የፋይናንስ ተቋማት አቅም ግንባታ ላይ ሊሰሩ ይገባል፤ለዚህም የተቀመጠ አሰራር መኖሩን አመልክተዋል።
ተቋማቱ ከመደበኛ በጀታቸው ሁለት ከመቶ የሚሆነውን ለአቅም ግንባታ እንዲያውሉትና ይህም ለባንኮች ከረጅም ዓመታት በፊት የተላለፈ መሆኑን፣ አሁንም ድረስ በዚሁ አግባብ ክትትል እንደሚደረግ አቶ ሠለሞን አስረድተዋል።
አሁን ቀድሞ እንደተለመደው መሄድ አይቻልም ያሉት አቶ ሠለሞን፣ ሪፎርም ከተደረገ ወዲህ ብዙ አዳዲስ ነገሮች አሉ፤ በጀት ተመድቦም በሰፊው መስራት አስፈላጊ ነው ብለዋል።
“በተለይም ማን ከማን ጋር መሥራት አለበት፤ ማን ከማን ጋር ቢዋሃድ ያዋጣል የሚለውን ከአሁኑ ማሰብ ይገባል:: ከውጭ ከሚመጡ ተቋማትም ጋር እንዴት በቅንጅት መስራት እንዳለባቸው ከወዲሁ ማሰብ ይጠበቅባቸዋል፤ ካፒታል፣ እውቀት እና ቴክኖሎጂ እንዴት መጋራት እንደሚቻልም ባንኮቹ ከወዲሁ ሊያጤኑት ይገባል:: በተጨማሪም ሌሎች ባንኮችን ሄደው መጎብኘት አለባቸው” ሲሉም አስተያየታቸውን ሰጥተዋል።
በተለይም የቦርዱ አመራርና አሰራር፣ ማኔጅመንቱ የሚያስተዳድርበትን መንገድና ሥርዓት፣ የህግ ማዕቀፎች፣ የቴክኖሎጂ አጠቃቀምና የሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ጭምር ማወቅ ተገቢ መሆኑን አሳስበዋል ሲል ኢፕድ አስነብቧል።።
ወደዚህ ሥራ ለመግባትም የፋይናንስ ተቋማት ካፒታላቸውን ማሳደግ እንዳለባቸው የገለፁት ምክትል ገዥው፤ ቀደም ሲል የነደፉትን ስትራቴጂ ብቻ መጠቀም ሳይሆን መልሰው ማየትና መከለስ አለባቸው፤ ከሚመጣው ሁኔታ አኳያ እነዚህንና ሌሎች ሁኔታዎችን ታሳቢ የሚያደርጉ ጉዳዮችን በሙሉ ጥንቃቄ በተሞላው መንገድ መሥራት ይገባል ሲሉም ጠቅሰዋል።
በአጠቃላይ ባንኮች መጪውን ጊዜ እና ቴክኖሎጂ ማዕከል ያደረገ ሥራ እና አቅም መገንባት ብሎም በሴክተሩ ላይ የተሻለ ልምድና እውቀት አካብተው መገኘት እንዳለባቸው አቶ ሠለሞን አሳስበዋል።
አምስት የውጭ አገር ባንኮች በኢትዮጵያ ፈቃድ ሊሰጣቸው ነው ተብሏል።
አምስት የውጭ አገር ባንኮች ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ገብተው አገልግሎት ለመስጠት የሚያስችላቸው ፈቃድ እንደሚሰጣቸው የኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ ባንክ አስታወቀ።
አገር በቀል ባንኮች ከወዲሁ ከፍተኛ ዝግጅት ማድረግ እና ቀድሞ የነበራቸውን ስትራቴጂ መከለስ እንዳለባቸውም አሳስቧል።
የኢትዮጵያ ብሄራዊ ባንክ የገንዘብ ተቋማት ዘርፍ ምክትል ገዥ አቶ ሠለሞን ደስታ ከኢፕድ ጋር ባደረጉት ቆይታ፤ የአገር ውስጥ የፋይናንስ ተቋማትን ከማጠናከር ጎን ለጎንም የውጭ ባንኮችን ወደ አገር ውስጥ ለማስገባት እየተሰራ ነው።
‹‹ሥራውን አሁን እያጠናቀቅን ነው። አዋጁን የመከለስ ሥራውንም እያጠናቀቅን ነው:: ከለጋሾች አንዳንድ ግብዓቶችን እየጠየቅን ነው። በወራት ዕድሜ ለህዝብ እንደራሴዎች ይቀርባል:: ስለዚህ ስራው እየተፋጠነ ነው” ብለዋል አቶ ሠለሞን።
በሚቀጥሉት አምስት ዓመታት ከሦስት እስከ አምስት ለሚደርሱ የውጭ ባንኮች ፈቃድ ለመስጠት እቅድ ተይዞ እየተሰራ መሆኑንም አቶ ሠለሞን ገልጸዋል።
እንደ ምክትል ገዥው ገለጻ፤ የውጭ ባንኮች የአገር ውስጥ ባንኮችን ከገበያ እንዳያስወጧቸው የአገር ውስጥ የፋይናንስ ተቋማት አቅም ግንባታ ላይ ሊሰሩ ይገባል፤ለዚህም የተቀመጠ አሰራር መኖሩን አመልክተዋል።
ተቋማቱ ከመደበኛ በጀታቸው ሁለት ከመቶ የሚሆነውን ለአቅም ግንባታ እንዲያውሉትና ይህም ለባንኮች ከረጅም ዓመታት በፊት የተላለፈ መሆኑን፣ አሁንም ድረስ በዚሁ አግባብ ክትትል እንደሚደረግ አቶ ሠለሞን አስረድተዋል።
አሁን ቀድሞ እንደተለመደው መሄድ አይቻልም ያሉት አቶ ሠለሞን፣ ሪፎርም ከተደረገ ወዲህ ብዙ አዳዲስ ነገሮች አሉ፤ በጀት ተመድቦም በሰፊው መስራት አስፈላጊ ነው ብለዋል።
“በተለይም ማን ከማን ጋር መሥራት አለበት፤ ማን ከማን ጋር ቢዋሃድ ያዋጣል የሚለውን ከአሁኑ ማሰብ ይገባል:: ከውጭ ከሚመጡ ተቋማትም ጋር እንዴት በቅንጅት መስራት እንዳለባቸው ከወዲሁ ማሰብ ይጠበቅባቸዋል፤ ካፒታል፣ እውቀት እና ቴክኖሎጂ እንዴት መጋራት እንደሚቻልም ባንኮቹ ከወዲሁ ሊያጤኑት ይገባል:: በተጨማሪም ሌሎች ባንኮችን ሄደው መጎብኘት አለባቸው” ሲሉም አስተያየታቸውን ሰጥተዋል።
በተለይም የቦርዱ አመራርና አሰራር፣ ማኔጅመንቱ የሚያስተዳድርበትን መንገድና ሥርዓት፣ የህግ ማዕቀፎች፣ የቴክኖሎጂ አጠቃቀምና የሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ጭ
Starting A Foundation Guidance for Advisors.ppt
Money Market and Capital Market: Difference
Both the money market and the capital market are the two different types of the financial markets where in the money market is used for the purpose of short term borrowing and lending whereas the capital market is used for the long term assets i.e., the assets which have the maturity of more than one year.
Money markets are unorganized markets where banks, financial institutions, money dealers and brokers trade in financial instruments for a short period of time. They trade in short-term debt instruments like trade credit, commercial paper, certificate of deposit, T bills, etc. which are highly liquid and can be redeemed in the period less than 1 year . It helps the business and industries with working capital requirements.
The capital market is a type of financial market where financial products like stocks, bonds, debentures are traded for a long duration of time. They serve the purpose of long-term financing and long-term capital requirement. The Capital mark
Money Market and Capital Market: Difference
Both the money market and the capital market are the two different types of the financial markets where in the money market is used for the purpose of short term borrowing and lending whereas the capital market is used for the long term assets i.e., the assets which have the maturity of more than one year.
Money markets are unorganized markets where banks, financial institutions, money dealers and brokers trade in financial instruments for a short period of time. They trade in short-term debt instruments like trade credit, commercial paper, certificate of deposit, T bills, etc. which are highly liquid and can be redeemed in the period less than 1 year . It helps the business and industries with working capital requirements.
The capital market is a type of financial market where financial products like stocks, bonds, debentures are traded for a long duration of time. They serve the purpose of long-term financing and long-term capital requirement. The Capital mark
Money Market and Capital Market: Difference
Both the money market and the capital market are the two different types of the financial markets where in the money market is used for the purpose of short term borrowing and lending whereas the capital market is used for the long term assets i.e., the assets which have the maturity of more than one year.
Money markets are unorganized markets where banks, financial institutions, money dealers and brokers trade in financial instruments for a short period of time. They trade in short-term debt instruments like trade credit, commercial paper, certificate of deposit, T bills, etc. which are highly liquid and can be redeemed in the period less than 1 year . It helps the business and industries with working capital requirements.
The capital market is a type of financial market where financial products like stocks, bonds, debentures are traded for a long duration of time. They serve the purpose
Lending Principles In Commercial Banking.ppt
General Principles of Lending:
When a request for a loan is received, it is important to ensure that the borrower has the legal capacity to borrow. The other matters upon which the information should be obtained are: the purpose of advance, the amount involved, the duration of the advance, the sources of repayment, the profitability of transaction, and, where applicable, the security offered. The most fundamental principle of all is that the bank should have confidence in the integrity, competence and continuing credit worthiness of the borrower.
• Know Your Customer:
While entertaining a proposal for advance, the branch has to first ensure compliance with the KYC norms.
• Pre- Sanction Stage:
Obtain/compile the following:
• Bio-data/declaration of assets owned by the borrower and guarantor along with latest income tax/wealth tax assessment copies and compilation of opinion reports.
• Particulars of immediate family members/legal heirs along with their father’s name and age.
• Audited balance sheets for the previous 3 years, estimated balance sheet for the current year and projected balance sheet for the next year.
• Particulars of existing borrowing arrangements and credit reports/no objection letters from existing banks if any.
• It should be followed by independent verification by the branch incumbent.
• Details of associate/group concerns, their borrowing arrangements and their latest balance sheets.
• No objection letter from term loan lender(s) if already financed by them and their permission/willingness to cede pari passu/ second charge on their security.
• The position of term working capital liabilities with various banks/FIs and details thereof viz., Limit, DP, Out standings, Irregularities (if any).
• Conduct a search/obtain a search report from Registrar of Companies to ascertain position of charges created already.
•
• Due Diligence:
• Branch Manager should do adequate Due Diligence before bringing an asset to the Bank’s books. This will avoid NPA.
• Thorough inquiry about the prospective borrower (with other banks, Financial Institutions, etc.) market intelligence, his past track record of performance and repayment of obligations, credit worthiness (Net Worth) must be done.
• Personal visit to his office/place of business will give an idea of his business.
• Processing of Applications:
While processing the applications, the following should be looked into and commented upon in the proposal:
• Due diligence on promoters’ background, their track record of repayment by checking with their existing bankers (NPA status) (any rephasements, any compromise entered into), credit worthiness, market reputation etc.
• Latest RBI defaulters’ list and willful defaulters' list —Company and their Directors.
• Bank’s loan policy.
• Contractual capacity of the borrower regarding borrowing powers/any restrictions on borrowings and names of persons authorized to borrow by verifications of:
• Partnership deed
A Short History of Banking SYSTEM PPT.ppt
Power of Personal Appearance
Image management is the ongoing process of evaluating and controlling the impact of your appearance and the resulting response on you and others.
The concept of image management applies to anyone who has ever needed to improve self-image, self-esteem, self-confidence, capability and credibility. It applies to anyone who has ever wanted to get an idea across to someone else, to influence opinion or action is it in the home, school, church, community or business setting. It is creating an authentic, appropriate, attractive, and affordable image. Intelligence, knowledge, ability, initiative, and effort are vital to success of any kind, but regardless of whom you are, how old, and what your role or goal, ongoing image management can give you the personal/professional presence you need.
As an individual living and working in a highly complex and competitive society, you must recognize and understand the impact of your appearance as it communicates first to you and then to others. What you wear and the way you look affects:
1. The Way You Think
You can’t afford to think negatively about yourself due to some aspect of your appearance. When you appear authentic, attractive, and appropriate, you think more positively about yourself, your situation, and others.
2. The Way You Feel
You can’t afford to feel depressed, unproductive, uncomfortable, antagonistic, argumentative, self-conscious, inferior, or full of self-doubt. A positive personal appearance is a fast, effective way to boost self-confidence and overcome anxiety regarding ability or acceptance. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you feel more comfortable, confident, capable, cooperative and productive.
3. The Way You Act or Behave
You can’t afford to act awkward, insecure, submissive, out-of-place, or out-of-order. Nor can you afford to act defensive, arrogant, aggressive, affected, superior, or conceited. A positive personal appearance is one of the most effective ways to improve behavior and enhance performance level or productivity. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you act more secure, at ease, mannerly, competent, and naturally able to do your best.
4. The Way Others React and Respond to You
Your appearance is the one personal characteristic that is immediately obvious and accessible to others. You can’t hide it. Your appearance makes a strong statement about your personality, values, attitudes, interests, knowledge, abilities, roles, and goals. You can’t afford to be seen as disrespectful, antagonistic, affected, scatterbrained, irresponsible, ineffective, or unproductive. You can’t afford to create a negative impression or to build barriers between you and others because of unattractive, inappropriate, distracting, or offensive appearance.
When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and ap
Economy of money, banking, and finance EuroMAC_Ch11.pptx
The 5 C's of leadership are:
1. Communication: Effective leaders are skilled communicators who can convey their ideas clearly, listen actively, and foster open dialogue among team members.
2. Confidence: Strong leaders have confidence in themselves, their abilities, and their decisions. They inspire trust and instill confidence in others through their demeanor and actions.
3. Commitment: Leaders demonstrate commitment to their goals, vision, and values. They are dedicated to the success of their team or organization and are willing to put in the necessary effort and resources to achieve it.
4. Creativity: Successful leaders are innovative and adaptable, able to think outside the box and find creative solutions to challenges. They encourage creativity and embrace new ideas and perspectives.
5. Character: Leaders with strong character possess integrity, honesty, and ethical behavior. They lead by example, earning respect and trust from their followers through their actions and moral principles.The 5 C's of leadership are:
1. Communication: Effective leaders are skilled communicators who can convey their ideas clearly, listen actively, and foster open dialogue among team members.
2. Confidence: Strong leaders have confidence in themselves, their abilities, and their decisions. They inspire trust and instill confidence in others through their demeanor and actions.
3. Commitment: Leaders demonstrate commitment to their goals, vision, and values. They are dedicated to the success of their team or organization and are willing to put in the necessary effort and resources to achieve it.
4. Creativity: Successful leaders are innovative and adaptable, able to think outside the box and find creative solutions to challenges. They encourage creativity and embrace new ideas and perspectives.
5. Character: Leaders with strong character possess integrity, honesty, and ethical behavior. They lead by example, earning respect and trust from their followers through their actions and moral principles.
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Kirill Klip GEM Royalty TNR Gold Lithium Presentation
Lithium Will Power Us For The Next 50 Years And Then Robots: Kirill Klip GEM Royalty TNR Gold Lithium Presentation
一比一原版新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Financial Institution Ch 1 III financial regulation (2).pptx
- 1. Financial Institutions and Markets Instructor Yonas Sendaba (PhD) 1
- 2. Regulation of the Financial System • This discussion is based on: • F.S. Mishkin and S.G. Ekans • Financial markets and institutions 5th ed. 2012 • PP 32-35 • We will also discuss the regulatory issues in Ethiopian context
- 3. Three Main Reasons for Regulation 1.Increase Information to Investors 2.Ensure the Soundness of Financial Intermediaries 3.Improve Monetary Control
- 4. Increase Investor Information • Asymmetric information in financial markets means that investors may be subject to adverse selection and moral hazard problems that may hinder the efficient operation of financial markets and may also keep investors away from financial markets • The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires corporations issuing securities to disclose certain information about their sales, assets, and earnings to the public and restricts trading by the largest stockholders (known as insiders) in the corporation • Such government regulation can reduce adverse selection and moral hazard problems in financial markets and increase their efficiency by increasing the amount of information available to investors
- 5. Ensure Soundness of Financial Intermediaries • Because providers of funds to financial intermediaries may not be able to assess whether the institutions holding their funds are sound or not, if they have doubts about the overall health of financial intermediaries, they may want to pull their funds out of both sound and unsound institutions, with the possible outcome of a financial panic that produces large losses for the public and causes serious damage to the economy • To protect the public and the economy from financial panics, the government has implemented six types of regulations: • Restrictions on Entry • Disclosure • Restrictions on Assets and Activities • Deposit Insurance • Limits on Competition • Restrictions on Interest Rates
- 6. Regulation: Restriction on Entry • Restrictions on Entry • Regulators have created very tight regulations as to who is allowed to set up a financial intermediary • Individuals or groups that want to establish a financial intermediary, such as a bank or an insurance company, must obtain a charter from the state or the federal government • Only if they are upstanding citizens with impeccable credentials and a large amount of initial funds will they be given a charter.
- 7. Restrictions on Entry: Ethiopian Case • Banks: based on Pro. 592/2008 • Licensed by NBE; Art. 2(1) • Requirements and Preconditions of obtaining License Art. 3&4 • Issuance and Renewal of license Art 5&7 SBB 39/06 &56/13 • Prohibitions Art 9 • Insurance: based on Pro.746/2012 • Licensed by NBE; Art. 3(1) • conditions of obtaining License Art. 4 • Issuance and Renewal of license Art 5&8 • Prohibitions Art 10 • Micro finance Institutions based on proc.626/2009 • Licensed by NBE; Art. 4(1) • conditions of obtaining License Art. 5(1)a-f • License Issuance, renewal and revocation Art 6, 7, & 8 • Prohibitions Art 25
- 8. Regulation: Disclosure • Disclosure Requirements • There are stringent reporting requirements for financial intermediaries • Their bookkeeping must follow certain strict principles, • Their books are subject to periodic inspection, • They must make certain information available to the public. • Ethiopian case: • All must follow IFRS (though MFI are allows to use other AASs) • Reporting period for all of them is from July1 up to June 30 • As per the commercial code they have to avail their financial statement to the public
- 9. Regulation: Restriction on Assets and Activities • There are restrictions on what financial intermediaries are allowed to do and what assets they can hold • Before you put your funds into a bank or some other such institution, you would want to know that your funds are safe and that the bank or other financial intermediary will be able to meet its obligations to you • One way of doing this is to restrict the financial intermediary from engaging in certain risky activities • Another way is to restrict financial intermediaries from holding certain risky assets, or at least from holding a greater quantity of these risky assets than is prudent
- 10. Regulation: Restriction on Assets and Activities • Banks • Types of Business to be engaged in; pro 592/2008 Art. 2(2) a-e • Investment restriction SBB 12/96 • Asset classification SBB 52/12 • Liquidity requirement SBB 57/14 • Insurance • Types of Business to be engaged in; pro 746/2012 Art. 6(1-5) • Issuance of certain types of Bonds SIB 24/04 • Investments of Insurance Company SIB 25/04
- 11. Regulation: Deposit Insurance • The government can insure people providing funds to a financial intermediary from any financial loss if the financial intermediary should fail • The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), insures each depositor at a commercial bank or mutual savings bank up to a loss of $100,000 per account • In Ethiopia the legal reserve required for Banks and Insurance is a Deposit Insurance • Banks reserve requirement SBB 55/13 5 % was15% of Deposits • Legal reserve requirement Art. 19(1) W/c is 25% of Net income and • Special reserve requirement Art. 21(7) to the amount acceptable by NBE of insure such events
- 12. Regulation: Past Limits on Competition • Although the evidence that unbridled competition among financial intermediaries promotes failures that will harm the public is extremely weak, it has not stopped the state and federal governments from imposing many restrictive regulations • In the past, banks were not allowed to open up branches in other states, and in some states banks were restricted from opening additional locations • In Ethiopia • Banks • Maximum size of share to be held by individual investor is limited (5%)
- 13. Regulation: Past Restrictions on Interest Rates • Competition has also been inhibited by regulations that impose restrictions on interest rates that can be paid on deposits • These regulations were instituted because of the widespread belief that unrestricted interest-rate competition helped encourage bank failures during the Great Depression • Later evidence does not seem to support this view, and restrictions on interest rates have been abolished
- 14. Regulation Reason: Improve Monetary Control • Because banks play a very important role in determining the supply of money (which in turn affects many aspects of the economy), much regulation of these financial intermediaries is intended to improve control over the money supply • One such regulation is reserve requirements, which make it obligatory for all depository institutions to keep a certain fraction of their deposits in accounts with the Federal Reserve System (the Fed), the central bank in the United States • Reserve requirements help the Fed exercise more precise control over the money supply
- 15. End of Chapter One 15