Power of Personal Appearance Image management is the ongoing process of evaluating and controlling the impact of your appearance and the resulting response on you and others. The concept of image management applies to anyone who has ever needed to improve self-image, self-esteem, self-confidence, capability and credibility. It applies to anyone who has ever wanted to get an idea across to someone else, to influence opinion or action is it in the home, school, church, community or business setting. It is creating an authentic, appropriate, attractive, and affordable image. Intelligence, knowledge, ability, initiative, and effort are vital to success of any kind, but regardless of whom you are, how old, and what your role or goal, ongoing image management can give you the personal/professional presence you need. As an individual living and working in a highly complex and competitive society, you must recognize and understand the impact of your appearance as it communicates first to you and then to others. What you wear and the way you look affects: 1. The Way You Think You can’t afford to think negatively about yourself due to some aspect of your appearance. When you appear authentic, attractive, and appropriate, you think more positively about yourself, your situation, and others. 2. The Way You Feel You can’t afford to feel depressed, unproductive, uncomfortable, antagonistic, argumentative, self-conscious, inferior, or full of self-doubt. A positive personal appearance is a fast, effective way to boost self-confidence and overcome anxiety regarding ability or acceptance. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you feel more comfortable, confident, capable, cooperative and productive. 3. The Way You Act or Behave You can’t afford to act awkward, insecure, submissive, out-of-place, or out-of-order. Nor can you afford to act defensive, arrogant, aggressive, affected, superior, or conceited. A positive personal appearance is one of the most effective ways to improve behavior and enhance performance level or productivity. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you act more secure, at ease, mannerly, competent, and naturally able to do your best. 4. The Way Others React and Respond to You Your appearance is the one personal characteristic that is immediately obvious and accessible to others. You can’t hide it. Your appearance makes a strong statement about your personality, values, attitudes, interests, knowledge, abilities, roles, and goals. You can’t afford to be seen as disrespectful, antagonistic, affected, scatterbrained, irresponsible, ineffective, or unproductive. You can’t afford to create a negative impression or to build barriers between you and others because of unattractive, inappropriate, distracting, or offensive appearance. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and ap

1. BANKS
BY DR. JUNE TERPSTRA

2. What’s your experience with
banks?
 Checking
 Saving
 Fees
 Loans
 Credit
 Interest
COULD YOU MANAGE WITHOUT IT?

3. MONEY AS DEBT
 http://www.brasschecktv.com/page/135.ht
ml

4.  A simple form of banking was practiced by the
ancient temples of Egypt, Babylonia, and Greece,
which loaned at high rates of interest the gold
and silver deposited for safekeeping.


5. Private banking existed by 600 AD
and was considerably developed
by the Greeks, Romans, and
Byzantines.

6.  Medieval banking was dominated by the
Jews and Levantines because of the
strictures of the Christian Church against
interest and because many other
occupations were largely closed to Jews.

7. Banking developed rapidly throughout the
18th and 19th cent., accompanying the
expansion of industry and trade, with each
nation evolving the distinctive forms
peculiar to its economic and social life.

8. • Goldsmiths had always been the
storehouses for cash and valuables so
they were in a unique position to evolve a
system of banking. It was they who
introduced paper money and checks. They
also started to lend their customers'
money for interest.

9. The Bank of Venice (1171) and the Bank of
England (1694), functioned in connection
with loans to the government
The Bank of Amsterdam (1609), to receive
deposits of gold and silver.

10.  17th Century
 During the 17th century trade in England
developed at a rapid pace and new methods of
finance were required.
 As the Usury Laws, which had forbidden the
lending of money for interest, had been repealed
in the previous century, banking was in a
position to develop in England.

11. The Rothschild banking family of
Naples
founded by Calmann (Carl) Mayer von
Rothschild (1788-1855) who was sent to
the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
his sons were sent to different European
cities to establish a financial institution to
invest in business and provide banking
services.

12. Essential Money supplies of the
colonists

13. 1. Traditional native currencies such as furs and
wampum which were essential for frontier
trading with the indigenous population but
thereafter were widely adopted by the colonists
themselves, e.g. in 1637 Massachusetts declared
white wampum legal tender for sums up to one
shilling, a limit raised substantially in 1643.

14. 2. The so-called "Country Pay" or "Country
Money" such as tobacco, rice, indigo, wheat,
maize, etc. - "cash crops" in more than one
sense.
Tobacco was used as money in and around
Virginia for nearly 200 years, so lasting about
twice as long as the US gold standard.

15. 3. Unofficial coinages, mostly foreign, and
especially Spanish and Portuguese coins.
--John Hall set up a private mint in Massachusetts
in 1652 and his popular "pine-tree" shillings and
other coins circulated widely until the mint was
forced to close down in 1684.

16. 4. The scarce but official British coinage.
5. Paper currency of various kinds, particularly in
the colonies' later years.

17. A Brief History of U.S. Banking
 The First Banks: 1791 to 1832
 In most states of the early federal union, bank
organizers needed special permission from the
state government to open and operate.
 For a while, an additional layer of oversight was
provided by the Bank of the United States, a
central bank founded in 1791 at the initiative of
the nation's first Secretary of the Treasury,
Alexander Hamilton.

18.  The Bank was bitterly opposed by Thomas
Jefferson and James Madison, who saw it as an
engine for speculation, financial manipulation,
and corruption.
 Congress refused to extend its charter in 1811,
and as a result Madison's government had great
difficulty financing the War of 1812.

19. A second Bank of the United States
was created in 1816 and operated
until 1832.
 It was basically a copy of the First Bank, with
branches over the country. Andrew Jackson,
who became president in 1828, denounced it as
an engine of corruption that benefited his
enemies.
 His destruction of the bank was a major political
issue in the 1830s and shaped the Second Party
System, as Democrats in the states opposed
banks and Whigs supported them.

20. • In those days, city bankers tended to
be extremely cautious about to whom
they lent and for how long. Thirty to
sixty days was the norm.
• Typically manufacturers and
shopkeepers would use these funds
to pay their suppliers and workers
until they could sell the goods to
customers. After that sale they would
pay off the bank loan.
.

21. • In less settled parts of the country, lending
standards tended to be more liberal. There
white male farmers could frequently obtain
bank loans to buy land and equipment and
finance the shipment of farm products to
market. Because of the unpredictability of
weather and market conditions, loan losses
tended to be higher too.

22. Many Kinds of Money: 1832 to
1864
• banks made loans by issuing their own currency.
These bank notes were supposed to be
convertible, on demand, to cash—that is, to gold
or silver.
• It was the job of the bank examiner to visit the
bank and certify that it had enough cash on
hand to redeem its outstanding currency.
• Because this was not always done, many bank
note holders found themselves stuck with
worthless paper.
• It was sometimes difficult or impossible to detect
which notes were sound and which were not,
because of their staggering variety.

23.  By 1860 more than 10,000 different bank
notes circulated throughout the country.
 Commerce suffered as a result.
 Counterfeiting was epidemic. Hundreds of
banks failed.
 Throughout the country there was an
insistent demand for a uniform national
currency acceptable anywhere without
risk.

24. National Currency Act in 1863 &
National Bank Act of 1864
These laws established a new system of national
banks and a new government agency headed by
a Comptroller of the Currency.
The Comptroller's job was to organize and
supervise the new banking system through
regulations and periodic examinations.

25. Creating a National Currency: 1865
to 1914
 National banks bought U.S. government
securities, deposited them with the Comptroller,
and received national bank notes in return.
 By being lent to borrowers, the notes gradually
entered circulation. On the rare occasion that a
national bank failed, the government sold the
securities held on deposit and reimbursed the
note holders.

26.  National bank notes were produced and
distributed through an involved process.
 Once the basic engraving and printing were
done (at first by private printers, later by the
U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing), the
notes were entered on the books of the Office
of the Comptroller of the Currency, then
returned to the printer where the seal of the
Treasury Department was stamped on each.

27.  National bank notes were the mainstay of the
nation's money supply until Federal Reserve
notes appeared in 1914.

28. The Banking Crisis: 1929 to 1933
 In the last quarter of 1931 alone, more than
1,000 U.S. banks failed, as borrowers defaulted
and bank assets declined in value.
 This led to scenes of panic throughout the
country, with long lines of customers queuing up
before dawn in hopes of withdrawing cash
before the bank had no more to pay out.

29. Who benefited?
• The banking crisis was the first order of
business for President Franklin D.
Roosevelt. The day after taking office, on
March 5, 1933, he declared a bank
holiday, closing all the country's banks
until they could be examined and either be
allowed to reopen or be subjected to
orderly liquidation. The bulk of this work
fell to the Office of the Comptroller of the
Currency (OCC).

30. June 1933, Congress enacted federal
deposit insurance.
 Accounts were covered up to $2,500 per
depositor (now $100,000).
 Other laws were passed regulating bank
activities and competition, with the objective of
limiting risks to banks and reassuring the public
that banks were, and would remain, safe and
sound.

31. A Capitalist Revolution
• During the last quarter century, banking has undergone
a revolution. Technology has transformed the way
Americans obtain financial services.
• Telephone banking, debit and credit cards, and
automatic teller machines are commonplace, and
electronic money and banking are evolving.
• The techniques of bank examination have changed, too.
Today OCC examiners use computers and technology to
help ensure that the banks they supervise understand
and control the risks of the complex new world of
financial services.

32. 1913: Creation of the Federal Reserve
System
 In Thorstein Veblen’s The Theory of the Leisure Class. he argues
that the modern businessman, including the international banker,
is not different from a barbarian because he uses brute force,
cunning and competitive skills to make money from others, and
then lives off the spoils of conquests rather than producing
things himself.
 Modern scholars, such as the Professor of Economics Robert
Heilbroner, describe robber barons in a similar way. In his book
The Worldly Philosophers Heilbroner claims that robber barons
used deception, violence, kidnappings and extraordinary
dishonesty to gain economic power and industrial supremacy.

33. Robber Baron JP Morgan
 John Pierpont Morgan (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American
financier, banker, philanthropist, and art collector who dominated corporate
finance and industrial consolidation during his time.
 In 1892 Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and
Thompson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric. After
financing the creation of the Federal Steel Company he merged the Carnegie
Steel Company and several other steel and iron businesses to form the United
States Steel Corporation in 1901.
 He bequeathed much of his large art collection to the Metropolitan Museum
of Art in New York City. At the height of Morgan's career during the early
1900s, he and his partners had financial investments in many large
corporations. By 1901, he was one of the wealthiest men in the world. He
died in Rome, Italy, in 1913 at the age of 75, leaving his fortune and business
to his son, Jack Pierpont Morgan.

34.  List of businessmen who were called robber barons
 John Jacob Astor (real estate, fur) – New York City
 Andrew Carnegie (railroads, steel) – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 Jay Cooke (finance) – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 Daniel Drew (finance) – New York state
 James Buchanan Duke (tobacco) – near Durham, North Carolina
 James Fisk (finance) – New York state
 Henry Flagler (railroads, oil, the Standard Oil company) – New York City and
Palm Beach, Florida
 Henry Ford (automobile) – Dearborn, Michigan and metropolitan Detroit,
Michigan
 Henry Clay Frick (steel) – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and New York City
 John Warne Gates (steel, oil) – Chicago and Texas
 Jay Gould (finance, railroads) – New York (both state and city)
 Edward Henry Harriman (railroads) – New York state
 Collis P. Huntington (railroads) – California, Virginia, and New York
 Mark Hopkins (railroads) - California
 Charles Crocker (railroads) - California
 Leland Stanford (railroads) – Sacramento, California and San Francisco,
California

35. Morgan’s Scam of 1861
 In 1861, he bought 5,000 of useless weapons for $3.50
each and sold them back to the Army for $22 apiece,
making $92,500, a small fortune.
 When [General] Frémont’s soldiers tried to fire these
‘new carbines in perfect condition,’ they shot off their
own thumbs…. The government refused to pay
Morgan’s bill. Morgan promptly sued the govern-
ment…. A special commission… allowed half of [his]
claim, and proposed to pay $13.31 a carbine.
 Morgan… sued [again] …and the court promptly
awarded him the full sum, because ‘a contract is
sacred’" (Engelbrecht and Hanighen, 1934).

36. Guns and Money
 In the U.S., the banker is the all-important person in industry....
While few cases are known where an important government
official or member of Congress has been a director of an
armament firm, all arms manufacturers have important financial
connections. In the Morgan group will be found the DuPont
Co., Bethlehem Steel Corp., U.S. Steel Corp., together with
copper, oil, electric appliances, locomotive, telephone and
telegraph interests. This tie-up also leads over into the great
banks, including the National City, Corn Exchange, Chase
National, etc. It is the Morgan Group of corporation clients and
banks which dominate the American arms industry"
(Engelbrecht and Hanighen).

37. Morgan cont.
 After the Civil War, Morgan loaned money to the U.S.
treasury at high interest rates. In 1871, he financing the
Army’s payroll and in 1877, he refinanced the
government’s debt. After his father, Junius, died in
1890, J.P. Morgan began consolidating the family
empire. He put himself at the helm of their four main
firms, in New York, Philadelphia, London and Paris.
Several times in the 1890s, he sold the government gold
to shore up the dollar. He also sold official U.S. and
British government bonds.

38. BANKS AND INEQUALITY
 Home ownership is the primary means of passing on wealth to
one's descendants, in the form of equity.
 Because of racist, sexist and class based housing policies in every
generation Native and Black Americans and Latinos have been
denied effective access to this mode of wealth creation.
 The result: the median white family possesses eight to twelve
times the wealth of the median Black family.
 This is the kind of wealth that finances college educations, starts
young people out in business - in short, the "bootstrap" that
people need to hoist themselves up in society, and pass on more
wealth to their children.

39. Mortgage lending practices
 A study of mortgage lending practices in
Greater Boston reveals that 71 percent of
Black families with household incomes of
more than $150,000 a year were paying
high interest rates on their mortgages.
 Less than ten percent of whites in Greater
Boston paid high interest rates.

40. High interest rate tax is subtracted
every year from the future
inheritance of children.
• There is far less home equity to borrow
against to send the kids to college, or to
finance a start-up business concept
thought up by a son or daughter.

41.  Seventy percent of upscale Blacks pay this tax,
compared to less than ten percent of whites in
the same income bracket. It doesn't take a
rocket scientist to predict the societal results that
will accrue 20, 40 and 60 years from now:
escalating white upward mobility, and a
continuing downward spiral of African
Americans. Current banking practices guarantee
that ever-greater racial wealth disparities will be
locked into the American future.

42.  We're not talking about the legacy of past
discrimination, but contemporary institutional
racism that manifests itself in a regressive tax on
Black home ownership - a tax on the economic
future of Black people.

43.  For people making far less than $150,000 a year,
the future is bleak, indeed. The entire banking
structure is arrayed against them and their
children.
 In whole Black neighborhoods that look like
prosperous "middle class" enclaves are, in fact,
devoid of equity, because of race-based interest
gouging. The bankers are stealing from Black
children.

44. Top ten banks in the USA
1Bank of America Charlotte, NC Billions $6832 billion
Citicorp New York, NY $6283
JP Morgan Chase New York, NY $5844
Wachovia Charlotte, NC $3305
Wells Fargo San Francisco, CA $3086
Washington Mutua lSeattle, WA $2047
HSBC Holding London $1278
SunTrust BankAtlanta, GA $1229
U.S. Bancorp Minneapolis, MN $12210
Royal Bank of Scotland Edinburgh $99

45. • Top ten banking groups in the world 2005
• $)1 United KingdomHSBC79 billion
• 2 United StatesCitigroup75 billion
• 3 United StatesBank of America73 billion
• 4 United StatesJP Morgan Chase72 billion
• 5 JapanMitsubishi UFJ Financial Group64 billion
• 6 FranceCredit Agricole Group60 billion
• 7 United KingdomRoyal Bank of Scotland48 billion
• 8 JapanSumitomo Mitsui Financial Group40 billion
• 9 JapanMizuho Financial Group39 billion
• 10 SpainSantander Central Hispano38 billion

46. IMF & WORLD BANK
For poor countries, the IMF and World Bank's
emphasis on exports is to a considerable extent
an entreaty to exploit cheap labor as a
"competitive advantage." But with countries
around the world all forced to follow the same
strategy, relying on cheap labor becomes a race
to the bottom -- with countries forced into a de
facto race to the bottom to offer foreign
investors the lowest wages and least substantial
labor protections.

47. Structural adjustment
condition for loans and repayment.
--developing nation governments are required to open
their economies to compete with each other and
with more powerful and established industrialized
nations.
----provide lower standards, reduced wages and
cheaper resources.

48. • Debt is an efficient tool. It ensures access to other peoples’
raw materials and infrastructure on the cheapest possible
terms. Dozens of countries must compete for shrinking export
markets and can export only a limited range of products
because of Northern protectionism and their lack of cash to
invest in diversification. Market saturation ensues, reducing
exporters’ income to a bare minimum while the North enjoys
huge savings. The IMF cannot seem to understand that
investing in … [a] healthy, well-fed, literate population … is the
most intelligent economic choice a country can make.
• — Susan George, A Fate Worse Than Debt, (New York: Grove
Weidenfeld, 1990)

49. WORKS CITED
• http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0801059.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_central_b
anking_in_the_United_States
• http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/morgan.
html
• http://www.blackagendareport.com/index.php?o
ption=com_content&task=view&id=240&Itemid=
33
• http://images.search.yahoo.com/
• MONEY AS DEBT
http://www.brasschecktv.com/page/135.html