1. The document discusses underwriting and its role in financial institutions and markets. Underwriting helps set rational borrowing rates, form suitable premiums, and price investment risk. It is considered a key function in banking, insurance, and stock markets. 2. Financial advisors provide advice on managing money related to stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. They help clients make good decisions and guide them in managing their investments and portfolios. 3. Syndication involves a group of banks offering loans to a single borrower. There are various roles within syndication including the lead bank and participating banks. Syndication can take different forms such as underwritten deals or best effort deals.

1. FINANCIAL INSTITUIONS AND MARKET
GROUP MEMBERS:-
1. AIMAN RIZWAN
2. ALVINA KHAN
3. AMNA IMTIAZ
4. FURAT FATIMA

2. UNDERWRITING AND TYPES OF UNDERWRITING
• Underwriting is a method through which a person or organization takes on financial risk for a fee.
Underwriting helps fix rational borrowing tariffs for loans, form suitable premiums, and build a
marketplace for securities by correctly pricing investment hazard. Underwriting is considered as one of
the most significant functions in the financial world, wherein a person or organization undertakes the
risk associated with a venture, an investment, or a mortgage in lieu of a premium. Underwriters are
present in banking, insurance, and stock markets .

3. TYPES OF SALES UNDER WHICH FINANCIAL ADVISORY MANDATORY AND ITS
ROLE :-
• Financial advisors give knowledge and advice on how to manage money. Financial advisory is
used when dealing with stocks, bonds, mutual funds. Moreover, financial advisors help us settle
on acceptable decisions, steer us in the right track through judgment, and administrate us over
our speculation venture, and furthermore combine each exchange and portfolio property

4. SYNDICATION AND BANKS FORMING SYNDICATION
• Syndicate is an organized group of about anything is called a syndicate.
• A syndicate is a group of individual traders and brokers who collectively assume the risk of
buying and selling assets in the world of trading.
• Loan syndication is when a group of banks offers loans to a single borrower.
• The four participants of syndication are: Lead Bank, Underwriting bank, Participating bank, and
Agent Bank.
• The three types of syndication are: Under-written Deal, Best-effort Deal, and Club Deal.
• Syndication process involves ten steps.
• There are also some pros and cons of syndication

5. BANKS UNDERWRITING TO FINANCIAL ADVISORY
• A first-hand consumer and possibly be a new risk, the underwriting team will perform their due
research, insurance risk, collect and examine the information insured has provided. .
Underwriting is to protect the insurer from the adverse selection, initiative of the banks while
doing underwriting is to spread the risk among a large number of insureds equally while
making a profit.
• Underwriter is a professional who assesses risk and establishes a stable market and unbiased
financial advisory services. The underwriters does this by authorizing the calculated risk when
making decisions on the basis of each case. They decide which contracts are appropriate for the
risk and the amount they will pay for these cases to ensure that they or their employer make a
profit.
• Fundamental elements that an underwriter reviews throughout the underwriting process are
income, appraisal, credit score, and assets information. Underwriter study and gives out
conclusion that either claimants application should be accepted, declined or awaiting

6. • While it is superlative to mark high in all these ranges, an applicant can still be accessible to
loan if they are strong in only one or two. For example, the borrower may have a high credit
score or financial savings but a lower income or insignificant assets and still be permitted for a
loan
• In underwriting applicants fall in different categories of risk rating phenomena which are
standard risk, preferred risk and substandard risk and premiums payments are offered
accordance to each risk rating
• Underwriting advisory services follows three segment procedure which is planning, timing and
demand and lastly structure of an organization. Underwriting is the foundation and unprincipled
underwriting disturbs the entire diligence with its toxicity. With decent underwriting, everyone
achieves their desired results.
• The definitive aim of an upright underwriter is to balance risk with premiums. It’s imperative
that underwriters continuously consider the losses and price premiums accordingly.
THE END , THANK YOU