Insurance involves spreading risk across many individuals or entities to minimize financial loss. It is a legal contract where one party agrees to pay a fixed amount if a specified uncertain event occurs. Underwriters evaluate risk to determine premium costs. Larger risk pools provide more predictable premiums if average health is similar. Reinsurance shares risk between insurers. Regulations protect policyholders and promote stable insurance markets.
Insurance involves spreading risk across many individuals or entities to minimize financial loss. It is a legal contract where one party agrees to pay a fixed amount if a specified uncertain event occurs. Underwriters evaluate risk to determine premium costs. Larger risk pools allow for more predictable premiums if average health is moderate. Adverse selection occurs when high risks disproportionately join, raising costs. Reinsurance and regulations help address issues like moral hazard and information asymmetry.
Chapter 22_Insurance Companies and Pension FundsRusman Mukhlis
This document summarizes key topics related to insurance companies and pension funds. It discusses the fundamentals of insurance, types of insurance like life and health insurance, and how insurance companies are organized and regulated. It also covers the different types of pension plans like defined benefit and defined contribution, and how pension plans are regulated in the US by acts like ERISA.
The document discusses various concepts related to insurance including health insurance. It defines insurance as a contract that provides financial protection against losses. The key points are:
- Insurance works by pooling together funds from individuals exposed to the same risks, so that losses can be shared.
- The purpose is to create a system where funds compensate the few who suffer losses, based on the pooling principle.
- Health insurance covers medical expenses through products like hospitalization insurance policies. It provides benefits like room charges, ICU charges, and covers pre-hospitalization, post-hospitalization expenses.
- Exclusions, co-payments, sub-limits may apply to certain benefits or treatments. Waiting periods also apply to some pre
Takaful insurance is an Islamic insurance model that operates based on mutual assistance and joint guarantee between members. Premiums paid by policyholders are considered donations into a pool that is used to safeguard members against losses. Any profits generated are shared among members rather than used to generate profits. Takaful aims to avoid elements like interest, gambling, and uncertainty that are prohibited in Islamic law. It provides various policy types like general accident, medical, and family coverage through cooperative and mutual assistance between members.
Takaful is an Islamic insurance alternative that is based on principles of mutual cooperation and responsibility. It provides a way for Muslims to protect against risks in accordance with Sharia law. Takaful operates through pools funded by contributions from policyholders. Any surpluses are distributed among members, while deficits are covered by a special reserve without interest. Takaful structures use agency or partnership contracts to manage funds and ensure operations comply with Islamic laws and avoid interest, gambling, and uncertainty.
Insurance is a mechanism for mitigating risk whereby individuals and entities protect themselves from financial loss by transferring their risks to an insurance company in exchange for a fee called a premium. It involves spreading risk among many individuals or entities to help offset the cost of unexpected losses or disasters. The key parties involved are the insured or assured who takes out the policy, the insurer or assurer who underwrites the risk, and the subject matter which is being insured such as a person's life or property.
Insurance involves spreading risk across many individuals or entities to minimize financial loss. It is a legal contract where one party agrees to pay a fixed amount if a specified uncertain event occurs. Underwriters evaluate risk to determine premium costs. Larger risk pools allow for more predictable premiums if average health is moderate. Adverse selection occurs when high risks disproportionately join, raising costs. Reinsurance and regulations help address issues like moral hazard and information asymmetry.
Chapter 22_Insurance Companies and Pension FundsRusman Mukhlis
This document summarizes key topics related to insurance companies and pension funds. It discusses the fundamentals of insurance, types of insurance like life and health insurance, and how insurance companies are organized and regulated. It also covers the different types of pension plans like defined benefit and defined contribution, and how pension plans are regulated in the US by acts like ERISA.
The document discusses various concepts related to insurance including health insurance. It defines insurance as a contract that provides financial protection against losses. The key points are:
- Insurance works by pooling together funds from individuals exposed to the same risks, so that losses can be shared.
- The purpose is to create a system where funds compensate the few who suffer losses, based on the pooling principle.
- Health insurance covers medical expenses through products like hospitalization insurance policies. It provides benefits like room charges, ICU charges, and covers pre-hospitalization, post-hospitalization expenses.
- Exclusions, co-payments, sub-limits may apply to certain benefits or treatments. Waiting periods also apply to some pre
Takaful insurance is an Islamic insurance model that operates based on mutual assistance and joint guarantee between members. Premiums paid by policyholders are considered donations into a pool that is used to safeguard members against losses. Any profits generated are shared among members rather than used to generate profits. Takaful aims to avoid elements like interest, gambling, and uncertainty that are prohibited in Islamic law. It provides various policy types like general accident, medical, and family coverage through cooperative and mutual assistance between members.
Takaful is an Islamic insurance alternative that is based on principles of mutual cooperation and responsibility. It provides a way for Muslims to protect against risks in accordance with Sharia law. Takaful operates through pools funded by contributions from policyholders. Any surpluses are distributed among members, while deficits are covered by a special reserve without interest. Takaful structures use agency or partnership contracts to manage funds and ensure operations comply with Islamic laws and avoid interest, gambling, and uncertainty.
Insurance is a mechanism for mitigating risk whereby individuals and entities protect themselves from financial loss by transferring their risks to an insurance company in exchange for a fee called a premium. It involves spreading risk among many individuals or entities to help offset the cost of unexpected losses or disasters. The key parties involved are the insured or assured who takes out the policy, the insurer or assurer who underwrites the risk, and the subject matter which is being insured such as a person's life or property.
This document provides an overview of key operations and functions within an insurance company, including ratemaking, underwriting, claims settlement, reinsurance, and investments. It discusses the roles of actuaries in determining insurance rates and reserves. It also describes the underwriting process, including evaluating applications, inspecting risks, and making acceptance decisions. Claims settlement and the different types of adjusters are also outlined. The document provides details on different types of reinsurance agreements and how losses are shared. It concludes with a discussion of investment principles for both life and property/casualty insurers.
This document discusses the market for health insurance. It explains that people buy insurance to transfer the risk of large medical costs to a third party in exchange for regular payments. However, insurance can increase healthcare utilization and costs through moral hazard. Insurers try to limit this effect through cost-sharing, managed care, and other strategies. The dominance of employer-based insurance is also discussed, along with its advantages and disadvantages compared to other financing systems.
This document discusses the market for health insurance. It explains that people buy insurance to transfer the risk of large medical costs to a third party in exchange for regular payments. However, insurance can increase healthcare utilization and costs through moral hazard. Insurers try to limit this effect through cost-sharing, managed care, and other strategies. The dominance of employer-based insurance is also discussed, along with its advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses various aspects of insurance companies, including their key operations. It begins by describing how insurance companies handled claims from the 2005 Mumbai floods. It then discusses the main operations of insurance companies, including rate making, underwriting, production (sales), claims settlement, reinsurance, and investments. Insurance companies collect premiums, pay claims, and invest premiums to earn income. They distribute policies through agents or direct selling. Reinsurance allows risks to be shared between insurers.
The document discusses life insurance and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts:
- Life insurance is a contract where the insurer agrees to pay a sum of money to the insured or their beneficiaries upon the insured's death or other specified event.
- Both parties have responsibilities - the insurer must pay claims as agreed, while the insured must disclose all relevant information truthfully and pay premiums.
- There are various types of life insurance policies that can provide financial protection or serve as investment vehicles. Life insurance plays an important role in protecting families and encouraging savings.
Primerica's SuccessRIGHTNow Licensing System helps users obtain their insurance license through online pre-licensing courses guided by a Licensing Coach. The document provides an overview of insurance basics concepts like pure risk, policyowner, insured, and beneficiary. It also summarizes the underwriting process, common types of life insurance policies including term and whole life, and key policy provisions, options, and riders. Basic annuity concepts are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of insurance, including:
1. Insurance protects against economic losses by spreading risk across many policyholders who pay premiums into a common fund. It aims to ensure continuity of financial benefits when losses occur.
2. Insurance provides security, supports pensions and savings/investments, acts as collateral for loans, and offers tax benefits.
3. Insurance evaluates and prices risks, shares risks collectively, prevents losses by encouraging safety, and allows larger risks to be covered with smaller capital investments.
Insurance is a contract where an individual pays a premium in exchange for an insurer providing compensation for financial losses from unexpected events. There are many types of personal and business insurance that cover risks like health issues, property damage, accidents, disability, and death. Key components of insurance policies are the premium, policy limit, and deductible which determine costs and coverage. Common personal insurances include health, home, auto, life, travel, and disability while businesses require policies tailored to their specific risks.
Insurance, system of insurance accountingsooraj yadav
Insurance involves pooling funds from many insured entities to pay for losses some may incur. It protects insured entities from risk in exchange for a fee dependent on the likelihood and cost of events. There are two main types of insurance - life insurance which pays out on death or maturity, and general insurance like health, auto, or fire insurance which pays depending on financial losses from covered events. Insurance companies make money through underwriting risks and investing premiums paid, while providing protection through claims payments.
The document discusses the key objectives and process of underwriting in the insurance industry. It provides definitions of underwriting as examining and classifying risks to determine appropriate premiums. The objectives are outlined as providing equitable, profitable and deliverable insurance policies. Key aspects covered include risk factors considered, principles of utmost good faith and moral hazard, types of underwriters and their roles, and importance of sound underwriting. Rules for application forms and documentation requirements are also summarized.
In this presentation we will deal with Insurance organizations, their operational structure, insurer’s function and key business terms used in this sector.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This document provides an overview of insurance law and regulation in India. It defines insurance as a contract between two parties where one party agrees to pay the other in the event of a specified loss or accident. Insurance law governs insurance policies and claims. Regulation ensures fairness, prevents market collapse, and promotes access. The document outlines the need for insurance, classifications of insurance including life, general, and reinsurance. It discusses key concepts such as double insurance, social insurance, workmen's compensation insurance, and third party insurance. Finally, it lists the major acts governing India's insurance sector, including the role of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA).
Insurance intermediaries such as agents, brokers, corporate agents, surveyors, and loss assessors facilitate the purchase of insurance and provide services that complement the insurance process. They serve as an important distribution channel between consumers and insurers. The supervisory authority sets requirements for intermediaries to regulate their conduct in order to protect consumers and promote confidence in insurance markets. Intermediaries reduce search costs for buyers and insurers by knowing the insurance marketplace and matching clients' risks with insurers. They also reduce uncertainty by providing information to both parties about risks, market conditions, and insurer finances.
This document provides information about life insurance policies in India. It discusses different types of life insurance policies like term insurance, whole life insurance, endowment policies, money back plans, children's policies, annuity plans, and unit linked insurance plans. It also answers frequently asked questions about life insurance policies, including how premiums, surrender values, and claims are calculated for conventional and unit linked policies. The document aims to educate policyholders about various aspects of life insurance.
This is the brief document about Birla Sun Life Group..which include almost all its insurance plans, and policies. This documents also help those students and people how are seeking to get to know about BSLI. I provide all the detailed history about birla group in this documents..:)
This document discusses various types of insurance coverage for businesses to manage risk. It describes health insurance options for employees like HMOs and PPOs. It also covers disability insurance, workers compensation, liability insurance, and life insurance for businesses to protect against losses from injury, lawsuits, death and ensure business continuity. The goal is to understand and mitigate different risks through various insurance strategies.
The document provides an overview of the underwriting process. It defines underwriting as evaluating risks to determine whether to provide insurance coverage. An underwriter's role is to evaluate applications, accept or decline risks, and determine contribution amounts. Sound underwriting is important for the success of the Takaful operator and equitable treatment of participants. The underwriting process involves establishing files, evaluating factors specific to the type of coverage, determining rates, and setting policy terms. Underwriters make decisions on whether to reject risks, issue substandard policies, standard policies, or preferred policies. They also monitor policies ongoing. Agents play an important role by gathering information to assist underwriters.
UNIT 5 - SBAA7001 INSURANCE INTERMEDIARIES AND REGULATIONS.pdfGracyS2
This document discusses insurance intermediaries and regulations in India. It begins by defining insurance intermediaries and their roles, including agents and brokers. It then discusses the roles of intermediaries in the insurance industry, such as disseminating information, increasing competition, and spreading insurer risks. The document also covers the key players in the Indian insurance market (agents, brokers, surveyors, TPAs), and provides details on the roles and regulations for insurance agents, including qualifications needed, licensing and renewal processes.
This document provides an overview of key operations and functions within an insurance company, including ratemaking, underwriting, claims settlement, reinsurance, and investments. It discusses the roles of actuaries in determining insurance rates and reserves. It also describes the underwriting process, including evaluating applications, inspecting risks, and making acceptance decisions. Claims settlement and the different types of adjusters are also outlined. The document provides details on different types of reinsurance agreements and how losses are shared. It concludes with a discussion of investment principles for both life and property/casualty insurers.
This document discusses the market for health insurance. It explains that people buy insurance to transfer the risk of large medical costs to a third party in exchange for regular payments. However, insurance can increase healthcare utilization and costs through moral hazard. Insurers try to limit this effect through cost-sharing, managed care, and other strategies. The dominance of employer-based insurance is also discussed, along with its advantages and disadvantages compared to other financing systems.
This document discusses the market for health insurance. It explains that people buy insurance to transfer the risk of large medical costs to a third party in exchange for regular payments. However, insurance can increase healthcare utilization and costs through moral hazard. Insurers try to limit this effect through cost-sharing, managed care, and other strategies. The dominance of employer-based insurance is also discussed, along with its advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses various aspects of insurance companies, including their key operations. It begins by describing how insurance companies handled claims from the 2005 Mumbai floods. It then discusses the main operations of insurance companies, including rate making, underwriting, production (sales), claims settlement, reinsurance, and investments. Insurance companies collect premiums, pay claims, and invest premiums to earn income. They distribute policies through agents or direct selling. Reinsurance allows risks to be shared between insurers.
The document discusses life insurance and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts:
- Life insurance is a contract where the insurer agrees to pay a sum of money to the insured or their beneficiaries upon the insured's death or other specified event.
- Both parties have responsibilities - the insurer must pay claims as agreed, while the insured must disclose all relevant information truthfully and pay premiums.
- There are various types of life insurance policies that can provide financial protection or serve as investment vehicles. Life insurance plays an important role in protecting families and encouraging savings.
Primerica's SuccessRIGHTNow Licensing System helps users obtain their insurance license through online pre-licensing courses guided by a Licensing Coach. The document provides an overview of insurance basics concepts like pure risk, policyowner, insured, and beneficiary. It also summarizes the underwriting process, common types of life insurance policies including term and whole life, and key policy provisions, options, and riders. Basic annuity concepts are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of insurance, including:
1. Insurance protects against economic losses by spreading risk across many policyholders who pay premiums into a common fund. It aims to ensure continuity of financial benefits when losses occur.
2. Insurance provides security, supports pensions and savings/investments, acts as collateral for loans, and offers tax benefits.
3. Insurance evaluates and prices risks, shares risks collectively, prevents losses by encouraging safety, and allows larger risks to be covered with smaller capital investments.
Insurance is a contract where an individual pays a premium in exchange for an insurer providing compensation for financial losses from unexpected events. There are many types of personal and business insurance that cover risks like health issues, property damage, accidents, disability, and death. Key components of insurance policies are the premium, policy limit, and deductible which determine costs and coverage. Common personal insurances include health, home, auto, life, travel, and disability while businesses require policies tailored to their specific risks.
Insurance, system of insurance accountingsooraj yadav
Insurance involves pooling funds from many insured entities to pay for losses some may incur. It protects insured entities from risk in exchange for a fee dependent on the likelihood and cost of events. There are two main types of insurance - life insurance which pays out on death or maturity, and general insurance like health, auto, or fire insurance which pays depending on financial losses from covered events. Insurance companies make money through underwriting risks and investing premiums paid, while providing protection through claims payments.
The document discusses the key objectives and process of underwriting in the insurance industry. It provides definitions of underwriting as examining and classifying risks to determine appropriate premiums. The objectives are outlined as providing equitable, profitable and deliverable insurance policies. Key aspects covered include risk factors considered, principles of utmost good faith and moral hazard, types of underwriters and their roles, and importance of sound underwriting. Rules for application forms and documentation requirements are also summarized.
In this presentation we will deal with Insurance organizations, their operational structure, insurer’s function and key business terms used in this sector.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This document provides an overview of insurance law and regulation in India. It defines insurance as a contract between two parties where one party agrees to pay the other in the event of a specified loss or accident. Insurance law governs insurance policies and claims. Regulation ensures fairness, prevents market collapse, and promotes access. The document outlines the need for insurance, classifications of insurance including life, general, and reinsurance. It discusses key concepts such as double insurance, social insurance, workmen's compensation insurance, and third party insurance. Finally, it lists the major acts governing India's insurance sector, including the role of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA).
Insurance intermediaries such as agents, brokers, corporate agents, surveyors, and loss assessors facilitate the purchase of insurance and provide services that complement the insurance process. They serve as an important distribution channel between consumers and insurers. The supervisory authority sets requirements for intermediaries to regulate their conduct in order to protect consumers and promote confidence in insurance markets. Intermediaries reduce search costs for buyers and insurers by knowing the insurance marketplace and matching clients' risks with insurers. They also reduce uncertainty by providing information to both parties about risks, market conditions, and insurer finances.
This document provides information about life insurance policies in India. It discusses different types of life insurance policies like term insurance, whole life insurance, endowment policies, money back plans, children's policies, annuity plans, and unit linked insurance plans. It also answers frequently asked questions about life insurance policies, including how premiums, surrender values, and claims are calculated for conventional and unit linked policies. The document aims to educate policyholders about various aspects of life insurance.
This is the brief document about Birla Sun Life Group..which include almost all its insurance plans, and policies. This documents also help those students and people how are seeking to get to know about BSLI. I provide all the detailed history about birla group in this documents..:)
This document discusses various types of insurance coverage for businesses to manage risk. It describes health insurance options for employees like HMOs and PPOs. It also covers disability insurance, workers compensation, liability insurance, and life insurance for businesses to protect against losses from injury, lawsuits, death and ensure business continuity. The goal is to understand and mitigate different risks through various insurance strategies.
The document provides an overview of the underwriting process. It defines underwriting as evaluating risks to determine whether to provide insurance coverage. An underwriter's role is to evaluate applications, accept or decline risks, and determine contribution amounts. Sound underwriting is important for the success of the Takaful operator and equitable treatment of participants. The underwriting process involves establishing files, evaluating factors specific to the type of coverage, determining rates, and setting policy terms. Underwriters make decisions on whether to reject risks, issue substandard policies, standard policies, or preferred policies. They also monitor policies ongoing. Agents play an important role by gathering information to assist underwriters.
UNIT 5 - SBAA7001 INSURANCE INTERMEDIARIES AND REGULATIONS.pdfGracyS2
This document discusses insurance intermediaries and regulations in India. It begins by defining insurance intermediaries and their roles, including agents and brokers. It then discusses the roles of intermediaries in the insurance industry, such as disseminating information, increasing competition, and spreading insurer risks. The document also covers the key players in the Indian insurance market (agents, brokers, surveyors, TPAs), and provides details on the roles and regulations for insurance agents, including qualifications needed, licensing and renewal processes.
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Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
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This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
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The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...Neil Horowitz
On episode 272 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Brian Fitzsimmons, Director of Licensing and Business Development for Barstool Sports.
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2. Insurance
• A social device to reduce or eliminate risk of loss
to life and property
• A collective bearing of risk
• Defined as a legal contract between two parties
whereby one party called the insurer undertakes
to pay a fixed amount of money on the
happening of a particular event, which may be
certain or uncertain. The other party called the
insured pays in exchange a fixed sum known as
premium.
3. A synallagmatic and aleatory contract
• A synallagmatic contract is one by which each
of the contracting parties binds himself to the
other
• An aleatory contract is one where the
insurer’s obligation to pay a loss is distant and
often uncertain, while the insured must pay a
fixed premium during the policy period
4. Distinct Financial Institutions
1. Insurers are liability driven financial
institutions
2. Unlike most other intermediaries, insurers
have to hold risk capital to ensure their
capital
3. Insurance pricing differs from the pricing of
other products
4. Marketing of insurance is challenging
5. Role in economic growth
1. Insurance covers many economic risks. Offers
kind of stability to business.
2. Through its support, businessmen and
industrialists are able to take bold decisions
3. Provide social security
4. Help in development of financial markets
6. Principles of Insurance
1. Principle of utmost good faith
2. Principle of indemnity – insured cannot make
a profit on his loss
3. Doctrine of subrogation – recover from a
negligent third party
4. Principle of causa proxima – cause of loss
must be direct and insured
5. Principle of insurable interest
7. Underwriter
• The underwriter is the person who evaluates the insurance
application
• He works on behalf of or for the life insurance company to
look at the applicants’ health and financial information to
figure out if they are eligible to receive the price that were
originally quoted.
• Underwriters use underwriting guidelines based on
mortality statistics that are calculated by actuaries.
• All insurance products involve some degree of
underwriting.
• For life insurance, the underwriter looks at data like health
and medical history as well as lifestyle information like
hobbies and financial ability.
8. Two Parts of Life Insurance Underwriting
1) Financial Underwriting
It helps the underwriter to make sure the amount
you’re purchasing is in line with your family’s and
your needs.
2) Medical Underwriting
Here, the underwriters determine how much of a
risk you are to insure by evaluating factors that may
affect your mortality.
9. Risk Pooling
The pooling of risk is fundamental to the concept of insurance.
A health insurance risk pool is a group of individuals whose medical
costs are combined to calculate premiums.
Pooling risks together allows the higher costs of the less healthy to be
offset by the relatively lower costs of the healthy, either in a plan
overall or within a premium rating category.
In general, the larger the risk pool, the more predictable and stable the
premiums can be.
Although larger risk pools are typically more stable, a large risk pool
does not necessarily mean lower premiums.
The key factor is the average health care costs of the enrollees
included in the pool.
Just as a pool with healthy individuals can result in lower-than-average
premiums, a large pool with a large share of unhealthy individuals can
have higher-than-average premiums.
10. Adverse Selection
• “Adverse selection” describes a situation in which an insurer (or an insurance market
as a whole) attracts a disproportionate share of unhealthy individuals.
• It occurs because individuals with greater health care needs, when given the
opportunity, are more likely to purchase health insurance and to purchase health
insurance with richer benefits than individuals with fewer health care needs.
• Adverse selection increases premiums for everyone in a health insurance plan or
market because it results in a pool of enrollees with higher-than-average health care
costs. Adverse selection is a byproduct of a voluntary health insurance market in which
people can choose whether and when to purchase insurance coverage, depending in
part on how their anticipated health care needs compare with the insurance premium
charged.
The higher premiums that result from adverse selection, in turn, may lead to more
healthy individuals opting out of coverage, which would result in even higher
premiums. This process typically is referred to as a “premium spiral.”
• Avoiding such spirals requires minimizing adverse selection and instead attracting a
broad base of healthy individuals, over which the costs of sick individuals can be
spread.
• Attracting younger adults and healthier people of all ages ultimately will help keep
premiums more affordable and stable for all members in the risk pool.
11. Reinsurance
It is when the primary insurer transfers a part or all
of the risk he has insured to another insurer to
reduce his own liability.
The amount of insurance retained by the primary
insurer (ceding company) for its own account is
called the retention.
The amount of insurance ceded to the reinsurer is
known as cession
Reinsurance operates on the same principles as
insurance.
12. Reasons for Reinsurance
• To increase the company’s underwriting capacity which, in
turn, would help to render improved service to the
reinsured and expand the market.
• To spread the risks with as many insurers as possible
• To obtain valuable advice and assistance with respect to
pricing, underwriting practices, retention and policy
coverage
• To stabilise profits by leveling out peak risks/losses
• To provide protection against catastrophic losses arising
due to natural disasters, individual explosions, etc
• To retire from the business or class of business or territory
13. Constituents of Insurance Business
• Actuary
• Underwriter
• Policy Owner Services
• Claim Administration
• Marketing
• Investment
• Accounting
• Information Systems
• Legal and Compliance
14. Regulations and legislation applicable
to insurance
• The Insurance Act, 1938
• LIC Act, 1956
• IRDA Act, 1999
15. The Insurance Act, 1938
• With a view to protect the interest of the
insuring public
• Comprehensive provisions for detailed and
effective control over activities of insurers
• An insurance wing was established and
attached first to the Ministry of Commerce
and then to Ministry of Finance
16. LIC Act, 1956
• The management of the life insurance business of all the
insurers and provident societies, then operating in India
was taken over by the Central Government and were
nationalised
• LIC was vested with the exclusive privilege to transact life
insurance business
• The objectives of LIC were to:
(i) Conduct business with utmost economy, in spirit of
trusteeship
(ii) Charge premium not higher than warranted by strict
actuarial considerations
(iii) Invest funds for obtaining maximum yield for the policy-
holders, consistent with safety of capital
17. IRDA Act, 1999
• Provides the establishment of an authority to
protect the interests of holders of insurance
policies, to regulate, to promote and ensure
orderly growth of the insurance industry
18. Functions of IRDA
• Exercise all powers and functions of the controller of insurance
• Protect the interests of the policyholders
• Issue, renew, modify, withdraw or suspend certificate of registration
• Specify requisite qualifications and training for insurance
intermediaries and agents
• Promote and regulate professional organizations connected with
insurance
• Conduct inspections, investigations etc.
• Prescribe the method of insurance accounting
• Regulate investment of funds and margins of solvency
• Adjudicate upon disputes
• Conduct inspection and audit of insurers, intermediaries etc.
19. Factors which affect premium
• Type of policy: e.g. term plan has a lower
premium than endowment plan
• Age:
• Term (duration) of the policy: (i) for savings plan
(like endowment) – longer the term, lesser the
premium (ii) for protection plan (like term
insurance) - longer the term, higher the premium
• Additional benefits
• State of health, Occupation and Hazard
• Sum assured