Final ppt

NationalInstituteofScience&Technology
[1]
SKYPE VIDEO BEHAVIOUR TO BANDWIDTH
VARIATIONS
Project id:13010
By
MANISHA MAHANTY ROLLNO:-201565017
PRABHAT KUMAR PATRO ROLLNO:-201564028
Under the guidance of
Siddhartha B.Neelamani
MCA PROJECT FINAL PRESENTATION 2018
MANISHA MAHANTY(201565017)PRABHAT KUMAR PATRO(201564028)

[2]
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 WORK DONE SO FAR
 TESTBED SETUP
 TECHNOLOGIES USED
 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

[3]
INTRODUCTION
 In this project work, we have studied about Skype’s performance under
various network conditions such as bandwidth variation.
 The nature of video calls, which require real time communication between
users, its quality can be more sensitive to network impairments, such as
bandwidth variations and packet loss.
 The goal is to determine the responsiveness of Skype Video to the
unpredictable time-varying Internet bandwidth.
 This work investigates how Skype Video behaves when sharing the Internet
with other Skype Video flows.

[4]
WORK DONE SO FAR
 In order to study the behaviour of skype under various network conditions by
connecting two clients with skype by a router.
 We injected video sequence “Akyio” into skype using virtual webcam.
 All the packets are passed to a software based network emulator (NEWT).
 Skype provides technical information and this information is captured using
Bandicam software.
 After recording it, we have analysed the impact of packet loss, available
bandwidth and propagation delay.

[5]
TESTBED SETUP
The test execution environment configured for testing. Test bed consists of
specific hardware, software, Operating system, network configuration, the
product under test, other system software and application software.

[6]
TECHNOLOGIES USED
1. Skype
2. Virtual Webcam
3. NEWT
4. Wireshark
5. Bandicam
6. NetBalancer
7. IPERF

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SKYPE
 Skype originally featured a hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system.
 Skype allows users to communicate over the Internet by voice using a
microphone, by video using a webcam, and by instant messaging.
 Skype supports conference calls, video chats, and screen sharing between 25
people at a time for free.
 We observe that Skype video call has a built-in rate control mechanism, which
adapts its video rates to network conditions in a wide range.
 Skype 7.1 uses H.264 encoding techniques.
 Minimum bandwidth required for video calling and screen sharing is 128kbps.

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 Virtual webcam is a software generated
webcam. You can add it to your computer and
use it as a real camera. The content of Virtual
Cam is completely customizable, you can set
video files, screen, real webcam, IP Cam, TV
cards, and even VLC Player as its output.
Another benefit of Virtual Cam is it can edit
and add video effects in real-time.
 To emulate a video call, we choose a standard
TV news video sequence “Akiyo” from JVT
(Joint Video Team) test sequence pool. The
sequence has mostly head and shoulder
movements.
VIRTUAL WEB CAMERA

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NETWORK EMULATOR FOR WINDOWS
TOOLKIT
Network emulator is a technique for testing the performance of real
applications over a virtual network.
The primary goal of network emulation is to create an environment whereby
users can connect the devices, applications, products and/or services being
tested in order to validate their performance, stability, or functionality against
real-world network scenarios.

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NEWT Upstream and Downstream Throughput
UPSTREAM :
Upstream refers to the direction in which data can be transferred from the
client to the server.

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DOWNSTREAM:-
Downstream refers to the direction in which data can be transferred from the
server to the client.

[12]
WIRESHARK
 Wireshark is a network analysis tool captures packets in real time and
display them in human-readable format.
 Has a GUI front-end and many more information sorting and filtering
options.
 Initiated by Gerald Combs under the name Ethereal
 First version was released in 1998.
 The name Wireshark was adopted in June 2006.
 Wireshark includes filters, color coding, and other features that let you dig
deep into network traffic and inspect individual packets.
 It is a packet sniffer Computer application.

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WIRESHARK MAIN WINDOW

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BANDICAM
 Bandicam is a screen capture utility originally developed by Bandisoft
and later by Bandicam Company that can take screenshots or record
screen changes.
 Bandicam consist of three modes:
 one is screen recording mode which can be used for recording a
certain area on the pc screen.
 Game recording mode, which can record the videos created in
DirectX or openGL.
 Device recording mode which record webcams.

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NETBALNACER
 Set for any process a download and/or upload network priority or limit
 Manage priorities and limits for each network adapter separately
 Define detailed network traffic rules
 Group local network computers and balance their traffic synchronised
 Set global traffic limits
 Show network traffic in system tray

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IPERF
 Iperf is a widely-used tool for network performance measurement and
tuning.
 It is significant as a cross-platform tool that can produce standardized
performance measurements for any network.
 Iperf has client and server functionality, and can create data streams to
measure the throughput between the two ends in one or both directions.

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SCENARIO – 1: Skype video response to a step variation of available
bandwidth
Here we run the same video for 4 times and observe that initially skype video
send their packets in a increasing order around 40 sec then it became stable.
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

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Here the frame rate mostly constant with out giving the bandwidth.

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Here we change the error rate at every 100s starting from 0% then to 4% at next
100s then to 20% to the next 100s(i.e. at 200s).

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Observations:
•At 0% error rate, the packet size is almost constant.
•At 4% error rate, the packet size increases (doubles) for roughly 10s, and
then again come to constant.
•At 20% error rate, the packet size increases for roughly 10s, and then
slightly goes on decreasing.
•The number of packets sent in each interval (50s) is constant and goes on
increasing only when the quality of the video effects.
•Skype does not trigger a packet size increment when the entity of the loss
is considered negligible.

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SCENARIO – 2: Skype Video response to a staircase variation of
available bandwidth
In this scenario we aim at investigating how a skype video flows adapt to small
step-like increment/decrement of available bandwidth.

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Initially the frame rate is 3.9fps and it gradually increases while varying
the bandwidth and it became higher at time 500sec to 600 sec.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
FPS

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We have run a similar experiment in which the available bandwidth varies
from 160 kbps down to 20kbps in order to investigate how Skype flows are
able to match a thin link capacity.

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Initially the frame rate is 30 frame per second and after giving the
bandwidth there will be an effect on video quality means the frame rate also
effected. The frame rate varies at 10 sec interval.

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Observations:
•The skype video flow is somewhat slow in reaching the steady state since
the max sending rate is achieve around at time t=600s.
•Initially the frame rate is 3.96fps and then it decreases until 1.9fps. And
then it suddenly increases its value to 14.2fps.
•The sudden increase in frame rate occurs due to change in video resolution.
•The Skype is not effective to take all the available bandwidth thus losing the
possibility of delivering videos at the highest possible quality.
•The Skype Video is able to shrink the sending rate to match a thin available
bandwidth as low as 40 kbps.

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CONCLUSION
We have carried out an experimental investigation of Skype Video flows behavior
in the presence of time varying network conditions. We have found that a Skype
Video call uses the frame rate and the video resolution in order to throttle its
sending rate to match the network available bandwidth and find the behavior of
video call. The obtained results have shown that a Skype Video call roughly
requires a minimum of 40 kbps available bandwidth to start and it is able to fill in
a bandwidth up to 450 kbps. Thus it can be said that a video flow is made elastic
through congestion control and adaptive codec within that bandwidth interval. We
have also measured that a Skype Video sending rate exhibits a large transient time
when it keeps increasing to match an increment of the available bandwidth.

[27]
1. https://www.skype.com/en/get-skype/
2. https://www.wireshark.org/download.html
3. http://download.cnet.com/Virtual-Webcam/3000-2348_4-757543
4. https://en.freedownloadmanager.org/Windows-PC/Network-
Emulator-for-Windows-Toolkit-FREE.html
5. https://netbalancer.com/download
6. https://sourceforge.net/projects/iperf/
7. https://www.bandicam.com/downloads/
8. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1496065
REFERENCES

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