Fight For Your Right For Equality

Citizenship and Inequality
Sharlene Tauia 17354875
Week 9 Overview
Week 10 Migration
Week 11 Gender & Sexuality

“Human rights... do not belong to human beings; this assists us to create who
and how one becomes human” Costas Douzinas (2009).
In this notion of citizenship in Australia, it is seen as an entitlement to identity
and rights to the protection of individual freedoms, political voting and mate
ship for a ‘fair go.’ However, to understand the key concepts that bind them
together carries with it unwanted frameworks that have been shaped and
embedded from the myth of a classless society Hage, G. (2003). The
displacement and dispossession which had Aboriginal people segregated and
lost within a system referred to as White Australia Hage, G. (2003). The
theoretical frameworks of power have liberal, pluralist, Marshallian, and Marxist
theories, that have highlighted the ever-present inequality since the French
revolution Nash, K. (2007). This National sovereignty model implemented has
presently restricted citizens in endless circumstances, economically, politically
and socially by both objective criteria and subjective experience Arvanitakis, J.
(2009).
Image 2
Image 1
Image 3
Image 2

Aborigines have been subjected to years of inequality from 1788 with the
British invasion, isolated through assimilation policies, discriminated through
the white policy subjected to remote then lost through the stolen generation.
This has highlighted multi-dimensional inequalities related to marginal status
in society based on gender, culture, colour, location, health, age, with many
other counts Wilkinson, R & Pickett, K. (2009). In redressing cultural
nationalism the positive concept for Australia is better access to health and
education, gender equality for women – initiatives for more girls to attend
school, more leadership given to women and helping the unemployed
Wilkinson, R & Pickett, K. (2009). The Australian government within a
shrinking society need to play an active role for a vision of a better world and
the sense of ‘hope’ Hage, G. (2003).
Image 6
Image 4
Image 5

In analysing the theories that have influenced how past and present
governments have integrated their decisions have constructed a rigid and a
facade of unchangeable distinctions on multicultural citizenship Nash, K. (2007).
These cultural and social constraints have been seen as problematic that as
individuals face multiple challenges as Gilroy refers to as ’ethnic absolutism’
(Gilroy, 1993). The twentieth century has developed a nation of fear where even
Australia day interpreted to many as a celebration or remberance day, to others
a day of invasion and sadness. Since 1950s and 1960s the vision of equality
bring constant protests, struggles and extensive power wars amongst the
powers that be. Finally, the conepts of citizenship and inequality need to change
with the ’no one left behind’ concept recognising that Australian ’Fair Go’ and
mate ship Wilkinson, R & Pickett, K. (2009).
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Image 9
Image 7

Wk 9 Inequalities Overview in
Australia
References
Arvanitakis, J. (2009) Contemporary Society. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
Gilroy, (1993)
Hage, G. (2003), Against Paranoid Nationalism: Searching for hope in a Shrinking
Society, Pluto Press, Sydney.
Nash, K. (2007) ‘Citizenship’, Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalisation, Politics,
and Power. London: Wiley
Wilkinson, R & Pickett, K. (2009). The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost
Always Do Better. Allen Lane/The Penguin Press, 2009.

Reference on Free Images from Google free for Wk 9, 10, 11 Journals
Image 1 Map of Australias Freedom, Multiculralism, Fair Go, Mateship
https://www.google.com.au/search?q=free+images+on+citizenship&es_sm=93&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=WSN8U9ucB4zmkgXfwoHIAw&ved=
0CGYQsAQ&biw=1600&bih=799#q=free+images+on+citizenship+in+australia&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=4MPqtNVxpKR6oM%253A%3B4_c7RFZUC-
mEDM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.independentaustralia.net%252F_lib%252Fslir%252Fw350-h260-c4x3%252Fi%252Farticle%252Fimg%252Farticle-
6278-thumb.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.independentaustralia.net%252Faustralia%252Faustralian-history%3B347%3B260
Image 2 Aboriginals on the land they referred to as ‘Terra Nullius’
https://www.google.com.au/search?q=free+images+of+australia+mateship&rlz=1C1KMZB_enAU566AU567&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=tlN_U5
LoH8vhkgW7zIHIDg&ved=0CDQQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=656#q=free+images+of+aborigines&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=8TrOOdU69CIfGM%253A%3B
oohkUuALPU4anM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.aboriginalculture.com.au%252Fimages%252FB231s.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.aboriginalcultu
re.com.au%252Fbodyadornments.shtml%3B300%3B187
Image 3 White Australia Policy
0CGYQsAQ&biw=1600&bih=799#q=free+images+on+australian+citizenship&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=95WvysoZWFPLFM%3A%3BBpWdF3K98uMa3M%3B9
5WvysoZWFPLFM%3A&imgrc=95WvysoZWFPLFM%253A%3BMAFL4rV7kKRfPM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fblogs.crikey.com.au%252Ffullysic%252Ffiles%252
F2013%252F06%252FEnglish.png%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fblogs.crikey.com.au%252Ffullysic%252F2013%252F06%252F03%252Fthe-bouncer-at-the-
national-door-the-australian-citizenship-test%252F%3B743%3B353
Image 4 The British arrive shores of Aboriginal land now called Australia 1788
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_&imgdii=JFGClYdPpl-G1M%3A%3Bw4EfD7EsM51fPM%3BJFGClYdPpl-G1M%3A&imgrc=JFGClYdPpl-
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Image 5 The inequalities and discrimination
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Image 6 Stolen generation images
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chpyY0X1grKHM%3A%3BoY0bZ6Q6DYMSUM%3B-chpyY0X1grKHM%3A&imgrc=-chpyY0X1grKHM%253A%3BXEyZn1dcNh-
lkM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252F3%252F34%252FNSRW_Australian_Types.png%3Bhttp%253A%2
52F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252Fwiki%252FHalf-Caste_Act%3B558%3B884
content%252Fuploads%252F2014%252F01%252Foz10.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Feventsonthehorizon.com%252Fevent%252Faustralia-day-celebrations-
proserpine-2014%252F%3B450%3B261

Reference on Free Images from Google free for Wk 9, 10, 11 Journals
Image 7 Australia Day – Respresents WHAT
0CGYQsAQ&biw=1600&bih=799#q=free+images+on+australian+citizenship&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=Rj4yMtqr-
e1WSM%253A%3BM2eGdzSENm22-M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Feventsonthehorizon.com%252Fwp-
content%252Fuploads%252F2014%252F01%252Foz10.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Feventsonthehorizon.com%252Fevent%252Faustralia-day-celebrations-
proserpine-2014%252F%3B450%3B261
Image 8 Vote, Australia towards an equal and free land of opportunities Yes Aborigines
Image 9 Hands of a multicultural Australia
0CGYQsAQ&biw=1600&bih=799#q=free+images+on+citizenship+in+australia&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=JlNWwoPdeASKSM%253A%3Bbz-
qoYY5X_4dWM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Findigenousrights.net.au%252Fimages%252Fresources%252Fact7_th.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Findigenousrig
hts.net.au%252Fsection.asp%253FsID%253D5%3B173%3B141
Image 10 Discrimination towards immigrants within the testing room
Image 11 Figures shown in 2013 on migrants into Australia
Image 12 Figures on the emerging Asian nation to Australia
LoH8vhkgW7zIHIDg&ved=0CDQQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=656#q=free+images+of+australia+GPD+2014&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=kam7fkHm3Ge2VM%3A%3Br
DO996MbQNzzAM%3Bkam7fkHm3Ge2VM%3A&imgrc=kam7fkHm3Ge2VM%253A%3BIE8K6DT54Pv_pM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%2
52Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252Ff%252Ff4%252FAustralian_Energie_ressources_and_major_export_ports_map.svg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipe
dia.org%252Fwiki%252FEconomy_of_Australia%3B1190%3B808

Wk 10 Citizenship & Inequality Migration
Sorry, when we said “we require you to speak English we meant only
English.”
Connecting from the citizenship overview to the concept of ‘no one left
behind’. The need to design goals and basic economic opportunities that
focus on reaching excluded groups. (image 11) For example track progress at
all levels of income, and provide social protection to help citizens develop
resilience to life’s fears Cesarani, D. & Fulbrook, M. (1996). The Australian
representative democratic model through migration has been the central
topic of debate. In 1901, the Immigration Act that clearly discriminated
against Non Europeans and Asians with illegal immigration and asylum
seekers threatening border controls. It has acknowledged UK, NZ, China and
India migrants numbers are steady since 2013.(Image 11)
Image 10 Migrant tests Is this
discrimination?
Image 11 Migrant numbers to Australia
2013

The underlying reality in this 21st Century, is that the Australian
government have become dependent on emerging trade with the ‘Asian
nation’, within the context Marixism theory of capitalism has had
Australia embrace multiculturalism with the abolishment of the
Immigration Act in 19th Century. (Image 12). Nash, K (2007) p178.
Both economics and sociology while each recognizes capitalism have
seen global processes depict the country. For example Gina Rinehart
29th richest person in the world having ‘Capitalism Bargaining Power’
negotiate with government an ‘Enterprise Migration Agreements’ in
allowing foreign workers to work in Australia, at a low rate of pay to
work at the Roy Hill Iron Ore project (Image13). These Neo liberal
ideologies, have resulted in Australia taking measures to incorporate a
globalised and racialized legal policy to combat illegal immigration that
has highlighted and exposed the exploitation on asylum seekers,
refugees, citizens, and workers in Australia. Nash, K (2007) p179.
Image 12 Asian nation influence on
Trades with Australia
Image 13 Coal & Gas Mines in Australia

These controls were detention camps, deprivation of political rights,
inhuman exploitation of labor and excluded migrants from citizenship
entitlements. Nash, K (2007)p181.
In analyzing the disparities in citizenship through migration has
highlighted income-based inequalities together with social equity
targets to be redressed. Image 14 The need is for strengthened set of
targets and indicators for a more equitable system for example, in a
wage share of GDP, access to decent work, human development
outcomes and the elimination of multiple forms of discrimination
relating to poverty and inequalities Image 15 Wilkinson, R & Pickett,
K. (2009). Finally, it is important to emphasise that the actions taken
by government have been the fear and the threatening component of
skilled and unskilled migrants arriving taking work from natural
citizens. These methods adopted included key characteristics, which
have played a central role in inequalities. These actions need to be
readdressed for inclusive and effective participation in such social
accountability mechanisms. Image 15
Image 14 An equitable system,
Image 15 the unified picture of
Australia free from Inequalities

Wk 10 Citizenship & Inequality II:
Migration in Australia
References
Cesarani, D & Fulbrook, M (1996) , Citizenship, Nationality and Migration in Europe.
London: Routledge.

Reference on Free Images from Google free for Wk 10, & 11 Journals
Image 10 Discrimination towards immigrants within the testing room
Image 11 Figures shown in 2013 on migrants into Australia
Image 12 Figures on the emerging Asian nation to Australia
LoH8vhkgW7zIHIDg&ved=0CDQQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=656#q=free+images+of+australia+GPD+2014&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=kam7fkHm3Ge2VM%3A%3Br
DO996MbQNzzAM%3Bkam7fkHm3Ge2VM%3A&imgrc=kam7fkHm3Ge2VM%253A%3BIE8K6DT54Pv_pM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%2
52Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252Ff%252Ff4%252FAustralian_Energie_ressources_and_major_export_ports_map.svg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipe
dia.org%252Fwiki%252FEconomy_of_Australia%3B1190%3B808
Image 13 Coal and gas Mines around Australia
LoH8vhkgW7zIHIDg&ved=0CDQQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=656#q=free+images+of+australia+neo+liberalism+ideologies&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=4b3
mAtrdHY3B7M%253A%3BS6OlFMeCsIyYuM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fprecariousclimate.com%252Fwp-
content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F10%252FPolitical-
Compass.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fprecariousclimate.com%252F2013%252F10%252F23%252Fanti-politics-discrediting-
neoliberalism%252F%3B400%3B400
Image 14 Capital, & Income, Liberal, Authotarian
Image 15 Future to a peaceful and multicultural Australia

Week 11 Citizenship and inequalities Gender and sexuality
“Liking your body can be a revolutionary act” Jessica Valenti Up the revolution! | World
news | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/18/gender.uk
Week eleven has the recognition of citizenship components linking gender and sexuality
will have us analyse the concept of promoting gender equality to empower citizens and
acknowledge the inequalities that have been embedded in the structure and operation
universally that need to be redressed. Gender and sexuality is a range of behavioural,
biological, mental and physical characteristics relevant to, and giving balance to the
differentiation between feminism and masculinity Power, N. (2009). In the context of
gender and sexuality through the complexities of social norms highlighted citizenship
inequalities that recognise, outline, and have exploited citizens identity and roles within
Australia Arvanatakis (2009) p72-81.
Image 16 free from Inequalities
Image 17 Promoting Equality in Australia from
Inequalities

Dominant political and socio-economic ideologies reinforce multiple inequalities that in turn
marginalize and often group typecast various forms of violence and discrimination. Common
examples are the forms of the denial to marginalized women, ( ie Aboriginal and indigenous),
gender-based violence and young people accessing services for the recognition of their reproductive
and sexual health and rights Nash, K. (2007). The frameworks in Australia have guided and combined
action in the community which discuss implications and demonstrations for organized activist
experience and, innovation for activist groups. The outcome have changed attitudes to women,
their places in society, associations by sexuality and the evolution to a global outlook on feminism
and gay, lesbian, biosexual and transgender (LGBT) ‘queer theory’ rights Collins, P.H. (2000). Collins
theory and the use of "Marxist feminist" approach applies her intersectional ideology referred to as
the ‘family and work connection with black women's poverty ‘Collins, P. (2000). It demonstrates the
experience through the lens of a coloured person the actual disadvantages in the labour market,
consumer racism, and gender hierarchies that in turn influences the overall patterns that have driven
the inequalities that still currently exist. In public discussion, political actors and ideological positions
have seen the welfare state not as part of the solution to social problems, but as part of the
problem, have gained influence. Governments in power have openly committed themselves to a
smaller, less bureaucratic and less expensive welfare state investment Nash, K. (2007).
Image 18 Marxism chalenge the
system from inequalities
Image 19 International Women's Day

Intersecting these systems of oppression are arranged through four interrelated domains
of power; disciplinary, hegemonic, interpersonal and structural with parameters that
assign power relations Collins, P.H. (1998). It is important with both theorise social
movements and to the reasoning behind the move, class struggles tend to be central
though reflective of the change in the nature of society and emergence of globalisation it
is based on a multitude of citizens shared voices for equality in identity, interests and
demands (includes human and civil rights, democracy, liberation and social justice)
Arvanitakis, J. (2009). In India demonstrates the start to what can change views linking
the acceptance of LGBT and feminism ideals to a strong male dominated country
captured the broader social norms within communities Crenshaw, Kimberlé W. (1991).
We end with the insights that dominations and inequalities are dynamic and complex
however, the overall consensus is to have gender and sexuality inequality concerns taken
to a National level via movements and forums that gains political and social recognition
for recommendations to improving our democratic system and the rights at all levels
Collins, P. (2000).
Image 20 Challenge the system
Image 21 Feminist lets be
counted

Wk 11 Citizenship & Inequality III: Gender & Sexuality in Australia
References
Up the revolution! | World news | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/18/gender.uk
Quote: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/j/jessica_valenti.html
Book:
Arvanitakis, J. (2009) Contemporary Society. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
Gilroy, (1993)
Crenshaw, Kimberlé W. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity
Politics, and Violence against
Women of Color, Stanford Law Review, Vol. 43, No. 6., pp. 1241–1299.
Collins, P.H. (2000). Gender, Black Feminism, and Black Political Economy. Annals of
the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 568. 41–53.
Collins, P.H. (1986). Learning From the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance
of Black Feminist Thought. Social Problems, 33 (6). S14–S32.
Collins, P.H. (1998). The tie that binds: race, gender, and US violence. Ethnic and Racial
Studies, 21 (5).

Reference on Free Images from Google free for Wk 11 Journals
Image 16 Bodies a revoluntion to equality
http://www.meetup.com/The-Sydney-
Feminists/events/139994562/https://www.google.com.au/search?q=free+images+of+feminist+rallies+in+australia&rlz=1T4ADRA_enAU492AU493&source=ln
ms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=6IeCU42dMMavkgXIoYH4CA&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1600&bih=773#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=l8s022Y7E-
bXzM%253A%3BlG2RN7aHLX-
foM%3Bhttps%253A%252F%252Fourbodiesourchoices.good.do%252Fmedia%252Fthumbs%252Fuploads%252Fe7315f075a6a9e%252Fpage%252FOBOC%25
2520montage.jpg.590x250_q85.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.meetup.com%252FThe-Sydney-
Feminists%252Fevents%252F139994562%252F%3B333%3B250
Image 17 Capital, & Income, Liberal, Authotarian
Image 18 Australia
Image 19 Discrimination
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_&imgdii=JFGClYdPpl-G1M%3A%3Bw4EfD7EsM51fPM%3BJFGClYdPpl-G1M%3A&imgrc=JFGClYdPpl-
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Image 20
Image 21
https://www.google.com.au/search?q=free+images+of+feminist+rallies+in+australia&rlz=1T4ADRA_enAU492AU493&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=6IeC
U42dMMavkgXIoYH4CA&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1600&bih=773#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=rqzscVY2L4o6YM%253A%3BqZew_qFuaEbRQM%3Bhttp%253A
%252F%252Fitspronouncedmetrosexual.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2012%252F12%252Fim-a-
feminist.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fitspronouncedmetrosexual.com%252F2012%252F12%252Freasons-people-believe-feminism-hates-
men%252F%3B800%3B600

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