The three bodies of victims killed in police firing during protests in Biratnagar, Nepal on January 21 will be received on Monday. An agreement was reached between the United Democratic Madhesi Front and the Morang District Administration Office to return the bodies to the victims' ancestral villages for last rites. The autopsy process has concluded and the bodies are currently kept in the mortuary of the Koshi Zonal Office. The administration also agreed to provide 25,000 rupees to each deceased victim's family for funeral expenses and report the deaths to the Home Ministry for possible declaration as martyrs.
The document contains a 20 question quiz with multiple choice answers. The quiz covers topics like math, logic, sequences, and relationships between figures/objects. It also includes a few questions on grammar, vocabulary and comprehension of a short passage. The questions are from a weekly exam on additional classes held at Sushant Education Center in Hetuada, Nepal on May 23, 2075 B.S.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
The three bodies of victims killed in police firing during protests in Biratnagar, Nepal on January 21 will be received on Monday. An agreement was reached between the United Democratic Madhesi Front and the Morang District Administration Office to return the bodies to the victims' ancestral villages for last rites. The autopsy process has concluded and the bodies are currently kept in the mortuary of the Koshi Zonal Office. The administration also agreed to provide 25,000 rupees to each deceased victim's family for funeral expenses and report the deaths to the Home Ministry for possible declaration as martyrs.
The document contains a 20 question quiz with multiple choice answers. The quiz covers topics like math, logic, sequences, and relationships between figures/objects. It also includes a few questions on grammar, vocabulary and comprehension of a short passage. The questions are from a weekly exam on additional classes held at Sushant Education Center in Hetuada, Nepal on May 23, 2075 B.S.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
6. संत्तघयता
सङ्घीयता एउटा राजनीत्ततक त्तवचारधारा हो जसमा सदस्यहरूको एउटा समूहलाई शासकीय तहमा बन्धनगररएको हुन्छ।
यो शब्दलाई संवैधात्तनक रूपमा राष्ट्रको शत्तिलाई केन्रीय सरकार र प्रान्तीय सरकारमा त्तवभात्तजत भएको मात्ति उल्लेत्तित त्तवचारधारामा आधाररत व्यवस्िालाई जनाउन पत्तन
प्रयोग गररन्छ। यो व्यवस्िामा आधाररक राष्ट्रलाई संघ भन्नेगररन्छ।
सरकारको शत्ति र त्तजम्मेवारीलाई केन्रीय र प्रदेश वा स्िानीयस्तरका बेग्ला - बेग्लै तहमा बााँड्ने पद्धत्ततनैसङ्घीयता हो।
यसरी सङ्घीयताको शत्ति उद्भव भएको स्िानमा शत्ति जानुलाई जनाउाँदछ। (तर धारा ५८)
राज्यसिा र साववभौमसिाको समेत त्तवभाजन गरी शासकीय त्तियाकलापमा बढीभन्दा बढी जनतालाई संलग्न गराउने राजनीत्ततक प्रत्तिया नै सङ्घीयता हो।
सङ्घीयता भनेको स्वयं शासन र त्तवभात्तजत शासनको संयोजन भनेर पत्तन भत्तनन्छ।
सङ्घीयतालाई बहुजातीय, बहुभात्तिक तनाव समाधान गने संवैधात्तनक र राजनीत्ततक औजारको रूपमा समेत व्याख्या गने गररन्छ। अकोतफव सीमान्तीकृत समूहलाई सशत्तिकरण
गनेउपायका रूपमा समेत यसलाई त्तलइन्छ। त्तवश्वमा नेपाल सत्तहतहाल 26/२८ वटा सङ्घीय स्वरूपको मुलुक छन्
7. संत्तघयता
एकभन्दा बढी सरकारी संयन्र पररचालन हुने व्यवस्िा
सामान्यतया राज्यमा के न्र रराज्य गरी दुई तहका सरकार हुन्छन्। के न्रले परराष्ट्र, मुरा,सुरक्षा रराज्यले स्िानीय सुरक्षा, त्तवकास त्तनमावण रस्िानीय
सरोकारसम्बन्धी काम हेदवछ
संत्तवधानद्वारा के न्र र राज्य सरकारको बीचमा अत्तधकार त्तवभात्तजत हुन्छ
के न्र रके ही हदसम्म राज्यलाई कुनै पत्तन कामको अत्तन्तम त्तनणवय गने अत्तधकार त्तदइएको हुन्छ
शत्ति त्तवके त्तन्रकरण हुन्छ
प्रजातन्रको बढी अभ्यास हुन्छ
नयााँ नेतृत्वको अवसर त्तदने
काम गने जनताको नत्तजक हुने र त्तछटो काम बन्ने
राज्य नागररकमुत्ति हुने
प्रत्ततस्पधावको भावना जाग्ने
सन्तुलन र त्तनयन्रण हुन्छ
त्तवत्तवधतालाई समेट्न सत्तकने
8. FEDERALISM
Federalism is a form of government in which a constitution
distributes powers between a central government and
subdivisional governments, usually called states, provinces, or
republics.
Lower entities such as municipalities, towns, and districts are
created by the states (or other subdivisional governments) and
have no sovereign power of their own. The national and
subdivisional governments both exercise direct authority over
individuals.
9. The Flow of Power in
Three Systems of Government
10. Characteristics of Federalism
There are two or more levels of the government
Different levels of the government govern the same citizens
The jurisdiction of levels of government is specified in the
Constitution
Changes in the Constitution can be made by the consent of each
level
Sources of revenue of each level of government are clearly specified
in the Constitution.
Courts have the power to interpret the powers of each level of
government
An ideal Federal system has two aspects
(i)Mutual Trust and (ii)Agreement to Live Together
11. Advantages of Federalism
Federalism checks the growth of tyranny
Federalism allows unity without uniformity
Federalism encourages experimentation
Federalism keeps government closer to the people
Training for national officials
More arenas for public participation
12. Federal Systems
Advantages
Permits diversity and diffusion of power
Local governments can handle local problems better
More access points for political participation
Protects individual rights against concentrated government power
Fosters experimentation and innovation
Suits a large country with a diverse population
13. Federal Systems
Disadvantages
• Makes national unity difficult to achieve and maintain
• State governments may resist national policies
• May permit economic inequality and racial
discrimination
• Law enforcement and justice are uneven
• Smaller units may lack expertise and money
• May promote local dominance by special interests
14. Federal Systems
Advantages Disadvantages
Permits diversity and diffusion of power
Local governments can handle local
problems better
More access points for political
participation
Protects individual rights against
concentrated government power
Fosters experimentation and innovation
Suits a large country with a diverse
population
• Makes national unity difficult to achieve and
maintain
• State governments may resist national policies
• May permit economic inequality and racial
discrimination
• Law enforcement and justice are uneven
• Smaller units may lack expertise and money
• May promote local dominance by special
interests
15. संत्तघयताका फाइदाहरु
शत्ति तिा अत्तधकारको त्तवभाजन भएको हुन्छ र स्िानीय स्तरमा पत्तन अत्तधकार त्तदइएको हुन्छ
कर लगाउने र उठाउने प्रष्ट दायराको त्तकटान हुन्छ
व्यवस्िात्तपका दुई भागमा त्तवभाजन हुन्छ
राज्यका गभनवर व्यवस्िात्तपका सदस्य र स्िानीय पदात्तधकारीहरु प्रत्यक्ष वा अप्रत्यक्ष त्तनवावचन द्वारा छात्तनन्छन्
शत्ति रसाधनलाई सन्तुत्तलत रुपमा बााँत्तडन्छ
गररत्तब त्तनवारणमा दीघवकात्तलन रणनीत्तत बन्ने
त्तवकासमा स्िानीय जनताको सहभात्तगता रपररचालन हुन्छ
के न्रीय सरकारलाई कामको भार कमहुन्छ
साववजत्तनक प्रशासनको समन्वय र त्तवकास हुन्छ
सबै जनजाती भािाभािीलाई ठाउाँ त्तदन सत्तकन्५
शत्ति त्तवके त्तन्रकरण हुन्छ
त्तवत्तवधतालाई समेट्न सत्तकन्छ
16. संत्तघयताका वेफाइदाहरु
त्तनकै महाँगो राज्य प्रणाली
क्षेरीय असमानतार गररबठाउाँ झन्गररब बन्नसक्दछ
देशटुत्तिन मद्दतगने सहायक हुन सक्दछ
द्वन्द्वत्तसजवना हुन सक्दछ
त्तढलोशासन प्रणाली
17. संत्तघयताका वेफाइदाहरु
त्तनकै महाँगो राज्य प्रणाली (त्तमत्ततव्ययीबनाउन सत्तकनेत्तक नसत्तकने)
क्षेरीय असमानतार गररबठाउाँ झन्गररब बन्नसक्दछ(समानुपात्ततक त्तवतरण अपनाउने त्तक?)
देशटुत्तिन मद्दतगने सहायक हुन सक्दछ (रात्तष्ट्रयता र एकतामजबुत कसरीबनाउने ?)
द्वन्द्वत्तसजवना हुन सक्दछ (द्वन्द्व व्यवस्िापन गनवका लात्तगतसंघीयता ल्याएको हो त्तन?)
त्तढलोशासन प्रणाली (त्तछटोछररतो र नत्तजकबाटसहभात्तगता सत्तहतसेवा प्रदान गनव संघीयहो?)
18. संघ
नेपाल सरकार
प्रदेश नं.१
१३७
स्थानीय तह
प्रदेश नं.२
१३६
स्थानीय तह
प्रदेश नं.३
११९
स्थानीय तह
गण्डकी प्रदेश
८५
स्थानीय तह
प्रदेश नं.५
१०९
स्थानीय तह
कर्ााली प्रदेश
७९
स्थानीय तह
प्रदेश नं.७
८८
स्थानीय तह
21. संघीयता
संघीयताभनेकोकेन्रीय सरकारकोशत्तिरत्तजम्मेवारीलाईप्रदेश वास्िानीयस्तरमाबााँड्नेपद्धत्ततहो।
राज्यसिाकाहकरदात्तयत्वहरुकेन्रमा निुपारीसंघ रएकाईमाबााँडनुलाईपत्तनसंत्तघयताभन्नसत्तकन्छ ।
शासकीय त्तियाकलापमा अत्तधकांश जनतालाई सहभागी गराउने राजत्तनत्ततक प्रत्तिया नै संघीयता हो, बहुजातीय, बहुभात्तिक र बहुधात्तमवक
समाजको हक,त्तहतरअत्तधकारकोसंरक्षणर त्तसमान्तकृतसमुहहरुलाईसशत्तिकरण गने शासनप्रणालीनैसंत्तघयता हो।
संसारमा संघीयराज्यका त्तवत्तभन्नस्वरुपहरु छन्।मुख्यतयााः संघीयराज्यको शत्ति बााँडफााँडको त्तनयमलाईतेसो समानान्तरप्रणाली रएकात्मक
राज्यकोशत्ति बााँडफााँडकोत्तनयमलाईठाडोप्रणालीभत्तनन्छ।
22. संघीयताको तेश्रो समानान्तर प्रणाली
यसमा संघीय प्रणालीमा राज्यको शत्तिको बााँडफााँड समानान्तर त्तहसावले हुन्छ अिवा संघीय राज्यको अिव हरेक
एकाईलाई आफ्नो बारेमा आफैले त्तनणवय गनव पाउने स्वतन्रता, आत्म त्तनणवयको अत्तधकार र आफ्नो हकमा आफ्नो
कानून आफैले बनाउन र कायवन्वयन गनव पाउने स्वायिताको अत्तधकारसम्म हुन्छ । त्ततनै राज्यहरु त्तमलेर एउटा संघ
बन्छ र सो संघले केन्रको रुपमा काम गदवछ, जसलाई राज्यहरुले नै केन्रीय संघको रुपमा त्तनत्तित अत्तधकारहरु प्रदान
गरेको हुन्छ ।
23. संघीयताको ठाडो प्रणाली
केन्रले आफ्नो तजत्तवजले आफ्नो अत्तधकार तल्लो त्तनकायलाई प्रत्यायोजन गने प्रणालीलाई त्तवकेन्रीकरण भत्तनन्छ ।
एकात्मक राज्य व्यवस्िा त्यही प्रत्तियाबाट चल्ने हो । तर संघीय राज्यहरु आफूमा समानान्तर ढंगले चल्दछन् । यसै
कारण त्तवकेन्रीकरण र शत्तिको साझेदाररता फरक फरक कुरा हुन् तर धेरैले एउटै अिवमा बुझ्ने र बोल्ने गदवछन् जुन
गलत हो । त्यसै कारण त्तवकेन्रीकरणमा मात्तिको अत्तधकार तल प्रत्यायोत्तजत मार हुन्छ तर संघीय राज्यमा भने
संघराज्यहरुका वीच समानताका आधारमा अत्तधकारहरु बााँडफााँड हुन्छन ।
24. ROUTES TO ESTABLISH FEDERALISM
Federalism
Coming
Together
Federation
Holding
Together
Federation
25. संघीयताका प्रकारहरु
क) एकै ठााँउमाआउन बनेका सङ्घीयसंरचना(Coming Together Federalism)
ख)एकै ठााँउमाराख्नतथा रहन बनेका संघीयता संरचना(Holding Together Federalism)
ग)समानअधधकार धिभाजनभएका संधघयसंरचना (Symmetric Federalism_
घ) धभन्नअधधकारको बााँडफााँडगररएकासंधघयसंरचना (Asymmetric Federalism_
ङ)सिैलाईएकै ठााँउमा राख्नसक्ने सहयोगात्मकसङघीयता (Co-operative Federalism_
26. संघीयताका प्रकारहरु
क) एकै ठााँउमा आउन बनेका सङ्घीयसंरचना(Coming Together Federalism)
पुराना स्वतन्र राज्यहरु आपसमा त्तमलेर, सम्झौता वा सत्तन्ध गरेर संघत्तनमावण गरेका त्तिए ।
ती संघीय राज्याहरुमा संयुि राज्य अमेररका, त्तस्वट्जरल्यान्ड, अस्रेत्तलया, सोत्तभयतसंघ लगायतका पुराना संघीय राज्यहरु यस संरचनामा पदवछन्।
ख)एकै ठााँउमाराख्नतथा रहन बनेका संघीयता संरचना(Holding Together Federalism)
त्तवगतमा एउटै एकाइको रुपमा शात्तसत हुदै आएको एकात्मक राज्यहरुलाई त्तबत्तभन्न उप एकाइहरूमा त्तबभाजन गरी के न्र र प्रदेश बीच अत्तधकारको बाडफाड
सत्तहत संरचना िडा भएका छन्, यस्तो संघीय राज्यहरुमा भारत ,बेत्तल्जयम ,स्पेन आत्तद छन्।
यसलाई जात्ततगत , भात्तिक एबं धात्तमवक , भौगोत्तलक त्तबत्तबधता बीच राज्यलाई ित्तडडत हुन बाट जोगाउन राज्यलाई संगै राख्ने त्तबत्तध (Holding
together) पत्तन भत्तनन्छ । त्यसैले संत्तघयतालाई जाती , भािा , सस्कृत्तत , ईत्ततहास र त्तबत्तबधता सम्बत्तन्ध समस्यालाई सम्बोधन गने सबै भन्दा राम्रो
राज्ययन्र मात्तनन्छ ।
27. संघीयताका प्रकारहरु
ग) समानअधधकार धिभाजनभएका संधघयसंरचना -Symmetric Federalism_
सामान्य भािामा भन्नु पदाव केन्र र संघमा एकैत्तकत्तसमबाट संचालन हुनुलाई नै बुझाउछ । संत्तघयतामा आकार, जनसंख्या, भौगोत्तलक आयतन वा अन्य कुनै त्तबशेिताहरुलाई
ध्यानमानरािी सबैसंघीय एकाइहरूलाई समान अत्तधकार र केन्रमासमान प्रत्ततत्तनत्तधत्वको व्यवस्िा गररएको हुन्छ।
घ) धभन्नअधधकारको बााँडफााँड गररएका संधघयसंरचना -Asymmetric Federalism_
देशलाई त्तछन्न त्तभन्न,त्तवभाजन र त्तविन्डनका मागलाई रोक्ने उपायका रुपमा यस बादलाई अपनाएको हुन्छ, यस्तो संघमा केही प्रदेशले अन्य प्रदेशको तुलनामा त्तबशेि हैत्तसयत र
अत्तधकार पाएका हुन्छन,क्यानाडाको फ्रेन्चभािी क्युबेक भारतको जम्मुकत्तममर र पपुवा न्युत्तगत्तनमा वगेन्भेल्ला यसका उदाहरण हुन्,
ङ) सिैलाई एकै ठााँउमा राख्न सक्ने सहयोगात्मक सङघीयता-Co-operative Federalism_
संघ र प्रदेश त्तमलेर वा संयुि रुपमा सहकायव गरर नीत्तत त्तनमावण कायव गनेलाई सहकारी संत्तघयता भत्तनन्छ, । जसको उदाहरणहरु भेनेजुयला, जमवनी, बेत्तल्जयम, इत्तियोत्तपया, दत्तक्षण
अफ्रीका आदी रहेका छन्।
28. FEDERAL STATE IN THE WORLD
1. Argentina
2. Australia
3. Austria
4. Belgium
5. Bosnia and Herzegovina
6. Brazil
7. Canada
8. Comoros
9. Ethiopia
10. Germany
11. India
12. Malaysia
13. Mexico
14. Micronesia
15. Nigeria
16. Pakistan
17. Russia
18. St. Kitts and Nevis
19. Serbia and Montenegro
20. South Africa
21. Spain
22. Switzerland
23. United Arab Emirates
24. United States of America
25. Venezuela
26. NEPAL
29. संघीयता त्तवकासको इत्ततहास
संत्तघयताको शुरुवात र त्तवकास अमेररका र त्तस्वजरल्याडडबाट स–साना राज्यहरु त्तमली पररसंघ हुाँदै आधुत्तनक संत्तघय स्वरुप त्तनमावण हुाँदै
आत्तिवकत्तवकासहात्तसलगदैगएकोइत्ततहासले देिाउाँछ ।
अमेररकामासन्१७७६देधख १७८७सम्मपररसंघ कायमरहेको त्तियो
त्तस्वसमा भने यो लामो समय पााँच शताब्दी भन्दा बढी चल्यो तर सन् १८४८ मा भएको गृहयुद्धपत्तछ भने यसले पत्तन अमेररकी ढााँचाको संत्तघय
स्वरुपअपनाउाँदाआजसम्मआइपुग्दाप्रत्ततव्यत्ति आय४०,०००हजारडलरकायम गनव पुगेकोछ ।
जमवनीमापत्तहलोपल्टपररसंत्तघयव्यवस्िापनकोसंत्तवधानसन् १८७१माआयो।
सन् १८६७ मा बेलायतको कब्जामा रहेको उिर अमेररकाका तीनवटा उपत्तनवेशहरु त्तमलेर अन्य राज्यहरु समेत िप भएर क्यानाडा बनेको
त्तियो।
यसरी १८ देधख २० शताब्दी सम्ममा औपचाररक रुपमा स्वतन्र एकाईहरु संत्तघय स्वरुपमा आई धेरै नयााँ मुलुकहरुको स्िापना भएको
देत्तिन्छ ।
30. संघीयता त्तवकासको इत्ततहास
भारत, पात्तकस्तान, मलेत्तशयार नाइजेररयाले उपत्तनवेशबाट मुि भएपत्तछ संघहरुकोस्िापना गरे
बेलाउ,कोमोरोस,माइिोमेत्तसया र सेन्ट् त्तकट्स तिामेत्तभसजस्ता सानामुलुकहरुलेपत्तन संघकोस्िापनाउपत्तनवेशको
समाप्तीपत्तछ नैगरे ।
रुस, चेकोस्लोभात्तकया र युगोस्लाभाया जस्ता मुलुकहरु कम्युत्तनष्ट शासन समाप्त पिात स्िापना भएका नयााँ संघहरु
हुन्।
जमवनी देशको जस्तो सहकाररतामा आधाररत शासन प्रणालीको स्वरुप जस्तै बेत्तल्जयम, फ्रान्स, स्पेन र दत्तक्षण
अत्तफ्रकालेपत्तन आफ्नो एकात्मकराज्य प्रणाली छोडेर सोही प्रणाली अपनाई आएका छन्।
31. संघीयता त्तवकासको इत्ततहास
शासन प्रणाली संत्तघय स्वरुपको नभएतापत्तन आफ्नो अन्तगवतका प्रदेश वा संत्तघय क्षेरहरुलाई पूरा स्वायिता प्रदान
गरेका देशहरुमा इटाली,इन्डोनेत्तशया, पेरु, संयुिअत्तधराज्य र जापान रहेका छन्।
बोत्तस्नया हजवगोत्तभना, डेटोन सम्झौताअन्तगवत संत्तघयता बनेको हो
ईत्तियोत्तपया, कं गो, इराक, श्रीलंकार नेपाल द्वन्द्वपत्तछसंत्तघयतामा प्रवेश गरेको हो।
केही विवयता एकात्मक प्रणाली अपनाएका पत्तछ छोडी संत्तघयमा गएका देशहरु बेत्तल्जयम, ईिोयोत्तपया, स्पेन र दत्तक्षण
अत्तफ्रका हुन्।
द्वन्द्व तिा युद्धपत्तछ संत्तघयतामा गएका देशहरु बोत्तस्नया, कंगो, इराक, इरान, श्रीलंका, सुडान, नेपाल र दत्तक्षण अत्तफ्रका
छन्।
32. संघीयता ?
एक चोटी संघीय प्रणाली अपनाई फेरी पुन: एकात्मकप्रणालीमानैफत्तकवएकोदेशहरु हुन:
क्यमरुन
युगाडडा
माली
इडडोनेत्तशया
संघीय शासनप्रणाली अपनाएकै कारणदेशत्तवघटनको चपेटामा परेका देशहरु हुन:
युगोस्लात्तभया
सोत्तभयतरुस
चेकोस्लोभात्तकया
33. संधघयताको धिकासकोकारणर आधारहरु
संवैधात्तनक कानुनको आधारमा राज्य संचालन हुनु भनेको सुशासन तिा त्तवत्तधको शासन अन्तगवत लोकतात्तन्रक राज्य संचालन प्रणाली हो ।
संत्तघय प्रणालीमा जानुको पछात्तड देशको रक्षा, शत्ति संचय, आत्तिवक त्तवकास र पत्तहचानको बत्तलयो आधार भएको नाताले त्तवश्वमा धेरैजसो
मुलुकहरुसंत्तघयराज्यमाजानुकोमुख्यचारकारणहरुयसप्रकारकोछ–
एकभन्दा बढी राज्य आपसमा त्तमली शरुको आिमणबाट बच्न संघ र पररसंघको त्तनमावण गरी मुख्य मुख्य अत्तधकार केन्रलाई त्तदई केही
अत्तधकारआफूमारािीसम्झौताद्वारासंघको त्तनमावणगरेको ।
औपत्तनवेत्तशक कब्जाबाट स्वतन्र भएका राज्यहरु आपसमा त्तमलेर देशको सवोिममुिी तिा समावेशी माध्यमबाट लोकतन्रको सुदृढीकरण
गने उद्देमयलेआपसमासम्झौतागरीसंघको त्तनमावणगरेको ।
कम्युत्तनष्ट मुलुकहरुकोएकपत्तछ अकोअवसानपत्तछसंघमारुपान्तरणभएको।
अिवतन्रकोलागतघटाउने उद्देमयलेत्तनमावणभएकोजस्तोयुरोत्तपयनयुत्तनयनहो।
34. संधघयताको मोडेलमाधिधिधतााः
त्तवश्वासको कमी, शत्तिको कमी र आत्तिवक अवस्िामा नै कमजोर र गररबीको कारण नेपालको संत्तघयताको स्वरुप र मोडेलमा गएर
अड्त्तकएको के पुत्तष्ट गनव सक्छ । सािै भिवरै मधेशी मोचावहरुले भारत र नेपालको दशगजा क्षेरमा झडडै पााँच मत्तहना अघोत्तित आत्तिवक
नाकाबन्दी लगाई देशको आत्तिवक अवस्िा जजवर तिा क्षतत्तवक्षत पारेको र त्तछमेकी देश शत्तिशाली भएकोले प्रभावमा परी वा त्तमल्न गई
त्तविडडनको संभावना पत्तन रहेको छ । सािै संत्तघयताको त्तवरोधी पाटी पत्तन सरकारमा समावेश, धमवत्तनरपेक्ष शब्दलाई हटाउने, त्तहन्दूराज्यलाई
पुनाः जीत्तवत गने र राजसिालाई समेत स्पेस त्तदनु पछव भत्तन वकालत गने पाटी पत्तन रहेको अवस्िा छ । त्यसैले यो अत्तत संवेदनत्तशल छ ।
संत्तघयताको सैद्धात्तन्तक कुरा गदाव यो एक राजनैत्ततक प्रणाली हो जसमा देशको साववभौमसिा र अन्तत्तनवत्तहत अत्तधकार केन्र तिा अन्य तल्ला
तहका सरकारहरुबीच सन्तुत्तलत ढंगले त्तवतरण गररन्छ । यस्तो त्तवतरण तिा बााँडफााँड कुनै ऐन त्तनयमको आधारमा नभै मूलभूत कुराहरु
संत्तवधानबाटै व्यवत्तस्ितगररएकोहुनालेयसलाईसंत्तवधानवादतिासम्झौतावादमाआधाररतप्रणालीभत्तनएकोछ।
35. संधघयताको मोडेलमाधिधिधतााः
भारत, अमेररका, अष्ट्रेत्तलया, क्यानाडा, जमवनी, रुस, ब्रात्तजल, नाइजेररया समेतका ठूला देश देत्ति वेत्तल्जयम, अत्तष्ट्रया, त्तस्वटजरल्याडड तिा सेन्टत्तकट जस्ता साना देशहरुमा
अभ्यास भइरहेको छ । समष्टीगत रुपमा भन्ने हो भने यो व्यवस्िा सफल नै भएको मान्नु पछव । यद्यत्तप केही देश असफल भएका छन् । क्यामरुन, माली, युगाडडा र इडडोनेत्तसयाले
एकपटक संत्तघयता अपनाई एकात्मकतामा फत्तकवएका छन् भने त्तवघटन भएका देशहरुमा युगोस्लोभात्तकया, सोत्तभयत रुस र चेकोस्लोभात्तकया छन् । सन् १९६५ सम्म मलेत्तसया र
त्तसंगापुर संत्तघय स्वरुपमा एकैठाउाँमा भएतापत्तन लामो समयसम्म त्तटक्न नसकी त्तसंगापुर मलेत्तसयाबाट छुट्टी त्तसंगापुर स्वतन्र एकात्मक राज्य प्रणाली कायम भएको देश हो भने
मलेत्तसया संवैधात्तनक राजतन्र सत्तहतको संत्तघय स्वरुप भएको देश हो जुन संसारकै नौलो मोडेल हो । अमेररकामा ररपत्तब्लकन र फेडरत्तलष्ट बीच द्वन्द्व पिात् कायम भएको
संत्तवधान तिा सम्झौताको दस्तावेजमा पत्तन जजव मेत्तडसनले व्यत्तिको अत्तधकारको दस्तावेज (त्तवल अफ राईट) पाररत गरी अत्तधकारको प्रत्याभूत्तत भएपत्तछ मार संत्तवधानमा
हस्ताक्षर गरेका त्तिए । सन् २०१४ को सेप्टेम्बर २ का त्तदन संयुि अत्तधराज्यबाट स्कटल्याडडलाई जनमत गराई स्वतन्रता त्तदने कुरामा नत्ततजा ५५ प्रत्ततशत जनताले नहुने र ४५
प्रत्ततशतले छुट्टै देशको रुपमा रहने पक्षमा मतदान गरेका त्तिए ।
36. संधघयताको मोडेलमाधिधिधतााः
यसको मतलव सन् १७०७ मा तत्कालीन बेलायत साम्राज्यको अंग बन्न पुगेको स्कटल्याडडका जनताहरुमा अझै पत्तन अत्तधकारको समूत्तचत हस्तारण हुन नसकेको पुत्तष्ट हुन्छ ।
जमवनी सहकाररतामा आधाररत संत्तघयता, चीन एकात्मक शासन प्रणाली तिा कम्युत्तनष्ट व्यवस्िा भएको जसको २२ प्रदेश, ५ स्वशात्तसत क्षेर, केन्र त्तनयत्तन्रत चार
महानगरपात्तलका र मकाउ तिा हंगकं ग समेत २ प्रशासत्तनक क्षेर समेत ३३ एकाईमा त्तवभात्तजत त्तवश्वमा दोश्रो ठूलो देशको रुपमा चाईत्तनज मोडेलको त्तवत्तिय संत्तघयता प्रस्तुत गनव
सफल भएको छ । प्रदेशको संख्या र प्रयोग गने अत्तधकारमा पत्तन मारात्मक तलमात्ति पदवछ । जस्तो, रुसको ८२ वटा प्रदेश, अमेररकाको ५० वटा प्रदेश, क्यानाडाको शुरुमा २
वटाबाट १३ प्रदेशमा, नाईजेररयामा ३ वटाबाट ३६ वटा प्रदेशमा, पात्तकस्तानमा पंजाब सत्तहत ४ प्रान्त रहेको, भारतमा १४ वटा राज्य रहेको संघमा अत्तहले २९ प्रदेश तिा ७
केन्र शात्तसत र त्ततलांगना समेतले राज्यको दजाव जुन २, २०१४ बाट पाएको छ । नेपालको सम्बन्धमा ७ प्रदेश संवैधात्तनक तवरले शुरुमा नै कायम भएको छ । यसबाट के कुरा
बुत्तझन्छ भने संत्तघय स्वरुपको त्तनमावण गदाव राज्यको संख्याको दृत्तष्टकोणले शुरुमा िोरैमा प्रदेश बनाउने र संत्तघय व्यवहारको त्तवकाससाँगै अभ्यास र अनुभवद्वारा िमशाः
आवमयकता अनुसार राज्यको संख्या बढाउाँदै जानुनै बढी व्यावहाररक र वैज्ञात्तनक देत्तिएको छ।त्तवश्वमा संत्तघयता लागूभएका देशहरुबाट त्तशक्षा त्तलन सत्तकन्छ।
37. धित्तीयसंधघयता
संत्तघयतामा आत्तिवक कारोवारको त्तवियले ठूलो महत्व राख्दछ जसलाई त्तविीय संत्तघयता भत्तनन्छ । प्रत्यक्ष वा अप्रत्यक्ष रुपमा त्तविीय क्षेरसाँग
सम्बत्तन्धत त्तवियहरु िचव वा आत्तिवक अत्तधकार, राजस्व अत्तधकार, राजस्व बााँडफााँड र ऋण त्तलने सम्बन्धी अत्तधकार पदवछन्भने सूचना प्रवाह
तिा सांगठत्तनक संरचना एवं तथयांकको प्रयोग र व्यवस्िापनलाई पत्तन महत्व त्तदन िालेको पाइन्छ । त्तवत्तभन्न तहमा रहेका सरकारहरुबीच
यस्ता अत्तधकारको समुत्तचत बााँडफााँड गनुव प्रमुि त्तविय हुन् । संवैधात्तनक त्तवकेन्रीकरण त्तविीय सम्बन्धी अत्तधकारको बााँडफााँड र व्यवस्िापन
केन्र सरकारले प्रदेश र स्िानीय तहसम्ममा लागू गरेको हुन्छ । यो त्तविीय संत्तघयताले देशमा समत्तष्टगत आत्तिवक स्िात्तयत्व कायम गनव, आय र
सम्पत्तिको पुनत्तववतरण गनव तिा साधनको समुत्तचत र प्रभावकारी त्तवत्तनयोजन गनव र वस्तु तिा सेवाको लागतको मूल्य आत्तद अत्तधकारको
बााँडफााँडगने राजनीत्ततकसंयन्र हो।
38. प्राकृ धतकश्रोत र साधनकोव्यिस्थापन र द्वन्द्व न्यूनीकरण
संत्तघयताको त्तनमावण र प्रयोगमा त्तवशेि गरी प्राकृत्ततक श्रोत र साधनहरुको बााँडफााँडको त्तवियलाई गत्तहररएर त्तमत्तहन तररकाले संवेदनशील भएन हेनव सत्तकएन भने यसैको त्तनहाँ र नाउाँमा भत्तवष्ट्यमा जातीय
तिा साम्प्रदात्तयकरंगसमेतत्तमत्तसएकोद्वन्द्ववा युद्ध हुनेसम्भावना प्रबलरहन्छ ।
जस्तैाः भारतकोतात्तमलनाडू रकनावटकराज्यबीचकाभेरीनदीकोपानीकोबााँडफााँडसवोच्चकोआदेशपिात पत्तनकनावटकलेपानी त्तदएन।
त्तभक्टोररया तालबाट त्तनस्के को नाईल नदी युगाडडा देत्ति सुडान हुाँदै बग्ने अत्तफ्रकी महादेशको होस् त्तक अिवा जोडवन नदीको होस् त्तयनले उग्ररुप त्तलएकोले सन् १९९९ मा तान्जात्तनयाको दारेसलाममा
नीलनदीवेत्तसनका देशहरुलेआत्तिवकतिा सामात्तजकप्रयोगन्यात्तयकढंगबाट हुनुपछव भनीऐक्यवद्धतारसहमत्ततपत्तछपत्तनबेलाबेलामायुद्ध हुनेगरेकोछ।
स्पेन रडचबीचराईननदीको पानीकोत्तवियलाईत्तलएर भएकोवादत्तववाद।
अन्तरावत्तष्ट्रय स्तरमा भएको रुवाडडाको नरसंहार हुती र तुत्सी जात्ततबीच भएको द्वन्द्वमा झडडै ५ लाि मात्तनसको मृत्यु भएको र तुत्सी ५ लाि मत्तहलामात्ति बलात्कार भएको ह्युमन राइट्स वाचले यो
संख्या १० लािसम्मकोअनुमानगरेकोकारणगरीबीतिा साधन रश्रोतकोबााँडफााँडत्तवियनैत्तियो ।
सन् २०११मा उिरसुडानकामुसलमानरदत्तक्षणीइसाईबीच द्वन्द्व चलेर२ टुिाभई दत्तक्षणसुडानमाअत्तहलेडुन्का रनुभरजात्ततबीच द्वन्द्वचके रजेनोसाईड युद्धको रुपधारण गरेकोछ।
भारत र बंगलादेशबीच फरक्का वांध त्तववाद, चीनको हुवई ड्याम त्तनमावण सम्बन्धमा भएको झगडा, मनाङमा याचावगुम्बालाई त्तलएर ७ जना गोिाव त्तजल्लावासीहरु माररएको, मेलम्ची पानी बारे समय
समयमाभएकोअवरोधरत्तववादआत्तदसबै नै प्राकृत्ततकश्रोत रसाधनकोप्रयोग, उपभोगतिा संरक्षणएवंसम्बर्धन, स्वात्तमत्वरत्तवकाससन्तुत्तलत ढंगले भएनभनेत्तववादरद्वन्द्व मारसृजना हुन्छ।
39. प्राकृ धतकश्रोत र साधनकोव्यिस्थापन र द्वन्द्व न्यूनीकरण
अमेररकाको एक अध्ययनले सन्२००१ मा ५० भन्दाबढी सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वयही प्राकृत्ततक श्रोत र साधनले गदाव हो भनेको छ ।
द्वन्द्वसृजना गने िालका प्राकृत्ततक श्रोहरुमा भूत्तम,वन तिा वन्य उत्पादन, तेल तिा ग्यास ित्तनजपदािव, जलत्तवद्युत ओयाजनामा नदी र पानी प्रमुिकारण हुन्।
आत्तिवक तिा सामात्तजक दृत्तष्टलेहेदाव त्तवकासोन्मुि देशहरु अत्यत्तधक मारामा प्राकृत्ततक श्रोतमात्तनभवर भएको हुन्छ।
त्तवश्वको आधाभन्दाबढी जनसंख्याको सोझो सम्बन्धर सम्पकव प्राकृत्ततक श्रोतर साधनमा भएको (कृत्ति, माछापालन, वन तिा ित्तनज) हुन्छ।
नेपाल राज्यको पुनाःसंरचना गदाव यसको समुत्तचत व्यवस्िापनमा त्तवशेि ध्यान पुरयाउनु पदवछ तात्तक केन्र तिा प्रदेश र प्रदेश–प्रदेश बीच वादत्तववाद र मारकाटको अवस्िा सृत्तजत
नहोला भनेर भन्नसत्तकने अवस्िा छैन ।
प्राकृत्ततक श्रोतको उत्िनन, प्रयोग, उपभोग र संरक्षणकोेे त्तवियमा तहगत सरकारहरुको अत्तधकारको बााँडफााँडमा त्तववाद परेमा सो को समाधानको संयन्र संत्तवधानमा स्िान
पाएको वा संवैधात्तनक त्तनकाय सरहको हैत्तसयत भएमा त्तनष्ट्पक्षतामा सफल हुन सक्दछ।
यस्तो आयोग िा संयन्रका अधधकार स्ितन्रता, गठनधिधी र संरचना, सदस्य संख्या र योग्यता, प्राधिधधक, भौधतक र मानधिय श्रोत सधहतको बधलयो
सधचिालय,संस्थागत दाधयत्ितथा धजम्मेिारीर काययअिधधसमेत स्पष्ट भएको खण्डमा द्वन्द्व न्यूधनकरण गनय सधकन्छ ।
40. सम्भाधित जोधखमतथा चुनौतीहरु
आत्तिवक स्िात्तयत्वमा के न्रको त्तनयन्रण कमहुने सम्भावना रहन्छ ।
स्िानीय तहका कमवचारीहरुलाई राजस्व पररचालन सम्बन्धी क्षमतामा अनुभवको कमीले गदाव प्रत्ततकूल असर परी कम साधन पररचालन हुने सम्भावना रहन्छ
।
भोटको कारणले गदाव राजस्व घट्ने सम्भावना हुन्छ ।
राज्यभन्दा के न्र कमजोर देत्तिने सम्भावना हुन्छ ।
संत्तघयतामा गइसके पत्तछ साधनश्रोत र वजेटको आकार बढ्छभने सोही अनुरुप आम्दानी बढेन भने समस्यादेिा पनव सक्छ।
सरकार र जनताबीचमा संत्तघयताको ज्ञानकोकमीको कारण द्वन्द्व वा युद्ध हुने सम्भावना देत्तिन्छ
आत्तिवक अत्तधकार बााँडफााँड गने त्तवियमा जसअनुसार रात्तष्ट्रयता साववभौत्तमकता, रात्तष्ट्रय सुरक्षा, आत्तिवक स्िात्तयत्व, पुनत्तववतरण र त्तवत्तनयोजन, मुरात्तस्फत्तत,
मूल्य र रात्तष्ट्रय रोजगार नीत्ततसाँग जोत्तडएका कायव के न्रमा रात्तिनु पछव भने सेवा प्रदान गर्वने त्तविय, त्तमतव्ययी हुन जाने त्तविय र साववजत्तनक र त्तनजी सेवा प्रदान
गने त्तविय स्िानीयलाई त्तदनुउपयुि देत्तिन्छ ।
41. सम्भाधित जोधखमतथा चुनौतीहरु
नेपालकोरात्तष्ट्रयवजेट झडडै ७० प्रत्ततशतराजस्वले योगदानगछव भनेबााँकी ३०प्रत्ततशत वैदेत्तशकसहयोग तिा अनुदानरआन्तररकऋणबाटव्यहोरीराज्यसंचालनहुने गरेकोछ।
देश एकात्मक राज्य व्यवस्िाबाट संत्तघय ढााँचामा रुपान्तरण हुाँदा ठूला चुनौतीहरु सामना गनुव पने अन्तरावत्तष्ट्रय अनुभवबाट देिाईसके को सन्दभवमा हामीले त्तशक्षा स्वरुप देशलाई सामात्तजक समृत्तद्ध तिा
सााँस्कृत्ततकसामन्जस्यताको त्तसद्धान्त रआधारअनुरुपसंत्तघय संरचनामाढाल्नुकोबदलामाजातीय कुराबढी उत्तठरहेकोछ
यसले भोत्तल रुवाडडावा सुडान वा अन्यजातीय द्वन्द्वभएकादेशहरुकोजस्तो त्तनयत्ततभोग्नुपलाव भनीआमनेपालीजनताहरुरनेता स्वयंले त्तचन्ता गनव िालेका छन्।
तसिव राज्यकोपुनाःसंरचनाकाप्रमुिआधारवगीयत्तवभेदकोअन्त्यगदैसमतामूलकसमाजको स्िापना हो।
भोत्तलकोनेपाल जातजात्ततकोभन्दापत्तनसम्पूणव नेपालीकोबन्नुपछव ।
त्तहमाल, पहाड, र तराईमा सबै जातजात्ततहरुले “म नेपाली हं“ भन्ने गौरव अनुभूत्तत गने गरी मेरो देश र प्रदेशमा सबै क्षेरका सौन्दयव, श्रोत र सामात्तजक त्तवत्तवधता प्राप्त छ भन्ने कुरामा ढुक्क हुने गरर उत्तचत
संख्या रसाझा नामकाप्रदेशत्तनमावणगनव सके संत्तघयता सबैकोत्तप्रय रत्तदगो बन्ने छ।
होइन भने स्वायिता सत्तहतको संत्तघयता वा प्रदेशको माग जोडले भइरहेको अवस्िामा, पत्तिमा देशहरु र दत्तक्षणी त्तछमेकी देशले राजनैत्ततक अत्तस्िरता कायम रािी संवैधात्तनक कानून नै बन्न नत्तदने,
गरीबलाईझन्अझगरीबबनाउने,परत्तनभवरबनाउनेकामगनव सक्छ।
जसले गदाव नेपाल जस्तो स्वतन्र साववभौमता भएको सानो तर गरीब देशले त्तविडडनत्ततर वा त्तसत्तकत्तमकरणत्ततर वा नेपालीकरणत्ततर जाने त होइन भन्ने पत्तन जनताको त्तदमागमा त्तचसो र टुसा पलाउन
िालेकोछ।
The authors of the Constitution wanted to combine a central government strong enough to maintain order with strong states.
The large geographical size of a country.
State governments have served as training grounds for national politicians and as laboratories in which new ideas can be tested.
Federalism allows for many political subcultures.
The authors of the Constitution wanted to combine a central government strong enough to maintain order with strong states.
The large geographical size of a country.
State governments have served as training grounds for national politicians and as laboratories in which new ideas can be tested.
Federalism allows for many political subcultures.
In 1787, federalism was a compromise between centrists who supported a strong national government and those who favored decentralization. Confederation was unsuccessful and unitary was impossible given the attachment to state governments.
Federalism has some advantages. First, U.S. citizens tend to connect federalism to freedom because any level can challenge any other level. Second, the nation is very diverse but federalism allows there to be differences on policy while also having the nation in common. Third, experimentation is possible in a federal system because states become laboratories of democracy. Fourth, leaders can cut their teeth on how to run governments at a lower level before they enter the national conversation. Finally, the number of levels allows citizens to be involved in their government as thousands of U.S. adults serve.
Federalism has some disadvantages. First, dividing power means that national problems are not responded to quickly – Katrina, 9/11 are examples of this problem. Second, citizens have a hard time holding elected officials accountable because it is hard to see who is responsible when things go well or go badly. Third, there is conflict across state lines. Finally, the more variation in policies there is, the more inefficient the system works.
In 1787, federalism was a compromise between centrists who supported a strong national government and those who favored decentralization. Confederation was unsuccessful and unitary was impossible given the attachment to state governments.
Federalism has some advantages. First, U.S. citizens tend to connect federalism to freedom because any level can challenge any other level. Second, the nation is very diverse but federalism allows there to be differences on policy while also having the nation in common. Third, experimentation is possible in a federal system because states become laboratories of democracy. Fourth, leaders can cut their teeth on how to run governments at a lower level before they enter the national conversation. Finally, the number of levels allows citizens to be involved in their government as thousands of U.S. adults serve.
Federalism has some disadvantages. First, dividing power means that national problems are not responded to quickly – Katrina, 9/11 are examples of this problem. Second, citizens have a hard time holding elected officials accountable because it is hard to see who is responsible when things go well or go badly. Third, there is conflict across state lines. Finally, the more variation in policies there is, the more inefficient the system works.
In 1787, federalism was a compromise between centrists who supported a strong national government and those who favored decentralization. Confederation was unsuccessful and unitary was impossible given the attachment to state governments.
Federalism has some advantages. First, U.S. citizens tend to connect federalism to freedom because any level can challenge any other level. Second, the nation is very diverse but federalism allows there to be differences on policy while also having the nation in common. Third, experimentation is possible in a federal system because states become laboratories of democracy. Fourth, leaders can cut their teeth on how to run governments at a lower level before they enter the national conversation. Finally, the number of levels allows citizens to be involved in their government as thousands of U.S. adults serve.
Federalism has some disadvantages. First, dividing power means that national problems are not responded to quickly – Katrina, 9/11 are examples of this problem. Second, citizens have a hard time holding elected officials accountable because it is hard to see who is responsible when things go well or go badly. Third, there is conflict across state lines. Finally, the more variation in policies there is, the more inefficient the system works.
With about 89,000 separate governmental units in the U.S. today, it is no wonder that intergovernmental relations in the U.S. are so complicated. Actually, the number of school districts has decreased over time, but the number of special districts created for single purposes, such as water, sewage, flood control, has increased from only 8,000 during WWII to over 37,000 today.