This document lists several amendments that were made to the Malaysian Constitution between 1958 and 1966. It provides the name and number of each amending law, a short title for each amendment, and the dates each amendment came into force. The amendments made changes to various articles of the Constitution relating to topics like the appointment of judges, qualifications of judges, and the tenure and removal of judges.
This bill proposes amendments to Utah law regarding the authority of federal, state, and local law enforcement officers. It defines key terms like "exercise of law enforcement authority" and establishes under what circumstances state and local officers can recognize a federal employee's exercise of authority. Specifically, it says state and local officers may recognize a federal employee's authority when based on federal law, but not state or local law. It also allows county sheriffs to enter agreements with federal agencies requiring fair compensation for assistance.
The document outlines the structure and responsibilities of the Japanese government according to its constitution. It details that the Emperor appoints the Prime Minister and Chief Judge. It establishes that the Cabinet is collectively responsible to the Diet. The Prime Minister appoints and removes Ministers of State and manages foreign affairs and treaties. The Cabinet administers laws, the civil service, and the budget. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Cabinet and subject to review by voters.
The COFEPOSA Act of 1974 allows for preventive detention to conserve foreign exchange and prevent smuggling. It gives powers to central and state governments to detain individuals engaging in activities harmful to foreign exchange or involved in smuggling. Detainees may be held for up to one year and are reviewed by advisory boards. The act also protects governments and individuals acting in good faith under the act and repealed a previous ordinance.
The conservation of foreign exchange and prevention of smuggling activities a...Leo Lukose
This document is the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act of 1974. Some key points:
- It allows for preventative detention of persons to conserve foreign exchange and prevent smuggling activities that negatively impact the national economy and security.
- Detention orders can be issued by central or state governments if satisfied a person's actions are prejudicial to exchange/smuggling prevention. Detentions can occur anywhere in India.
- Detainees are subject to conditions set by the appropriate government and can be moved between places of detention.
- Advisory boards must review detentions and report within 11 weeks, except some smuggling-related cases can be detained up to 6 months without review.
Supreme Court Judgment on PIL challenging Constitutional validity of RPA Sect...Sadanand Patwardhan
This document is the judgment from the Supreme Court of India regarding two writ petitions challenging the constitutionality of Section 8(4) of the Representation of People Act 1951. Section 8(4) provides an exception for sitting members of Parliament or state legislatures from immediate disqualification if convicted of an offense listed in Sections 8(1)-(3), by allowing them to appeal the conviction without losing their seat for 3 months. The petitioners argue this exception violates Articles 102 and 191 of the Constitution, which lay out identical disqualifications for being elected and continuing as a member. The Court reviews the relevant constitutional provisions and legislative history, and the petitioners contend Parliament lacked power to create this exception for sitting members when the Constitution did not
This bill authorizes the President to transfer certain military equipment currently in Iraq and Afghanistan to the Government of Ukraine on a lease basis. The military equipment that can be transferred includes anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons, small arms, vehicles, body armor, and other defensive equipment requested by Ukraine. The bill is intended to provide military aid to Ukraine but does not authorize the use of military force.
The court dismissed the petitioner's arguments and found that the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi was authorized to issue the challenged notifications relating to human rights courts. The court noted that while the Protection of Human Rights Act is a central law, Section 30 allows state governments to specify human rights courts with the chief justice's approval. The court also noted that the term "state" in the Act includes union territories like Delhi. However, the court issued notice on the prayers seeking one human rights court in each district court of Delhi and for appointing independent human rights prosecutors to those courts. Respondents were given 4 weeks to file counter affidavits on those issues.
Types of majority required under Constitution of India-General Studies Civil ...Yatendra Kumar
Types of majority required under Constitution of India-Majority of members present and voting
Majority of all then members
Majority of membership and two thirds present and voting
Majority of 2/3rd of membership
Majority of not less than 2/3rd members present and voting
This bill proposes amendments to Utah law regarding the authority of federal, state, and local law enforcement officers. It defines key terms like "exercise of law enforcement authority" and establishes under what circumstances state and local officers can recognize a federal employee's exercise of authority. Specifically, it says state and local officers may recognize a federal employee's authority when based on federal law, but not state or local law. It also allows county sheriffs to enter agreements with federal agencies requiring fair compensation for assistance.
The document outlines the structure and responsibilities of the Japanese government according to its constitution. It details that the Emperor appoints the Prime Minister and Chief Judge. It establishes that the Cabinet is collectively responsible to the Diet. The Prime Minister appoints and removes Ministers of State and manages foreign affairs and treaties. The Cabinet administers laws, the civil service, and the budget. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Cabinet and subject to review by voters.
The COFEPOSA Act of 1974 allows for preventive detention to conserve foreign exchange and prevent smuggling. It gives powers to central and state governments to detain individuals engaging in activities harmful to foreign exchange or involved in smuggling. Detainees may be held for up to one year and are reviewed by advisory boards. The act also protects governments and individuals acting in good faith under the act and repealed a previous ordinance.
The conservation of foreign exchange and prevention of smuggling activities a...Leo Lukose
This document is the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act of 1974. Some key points:
- It allows for preventative detention of persons to conserve foreign exchange and prevent smuggling activities that negatively impact the national economy and security.
- Detention orders can be issued by central or state governments if satisfied a person's actions are prejudicial to exchange/smuggling prevention. Detentions can occur anywhere in India.
- Detainees are subject to conditions set by the appropriate government and can be moved between places of detention.
- Advisory boards must review detentions and report within 11 weeks, except some smuggling-related cases can be detained up to 6 months without review.
Supreme Court Judgment on PIL challenging Constitutional validity of RPA Sect...Sadanand Patwardhan
This document is the judgment from the Supreme Court of India regarding two writ petitions challenging the constitutionality of Section 8(4) of the Representation of People Act 1951. Section 8(4) provides an exception for sitting members of Parliament or state legislatures from immediate disqualification if convicted of an offense listed in Sections 8(1)-(3), by allowing them to appeal the conviction without losing their seat for 3 months. The petitioners argue this exception violates Articles 102 and 191 of the Constitution, which lay out identical disqualifications for being elected and continuing as a member. The Court reviews the relevant constitutional provisions and legislative history, and the petitioners contend Parliament lacked power to create this exception for sitting members when the Constitution did not
This bill authorizes the President to transfer certain military equipment currently in Iraq and Afghanistan to the Government of Ukraine on a lease basis. The military equipment that can be transferred includes anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons, small arms, vehicles, body armor, and other defensive equipment requested by Ukraine. The bill is intended to provide military aid to Ukraine but does not authorize the use of military force.
The court dismissed the petitioner's arguments and found that the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi was authorized to issue the challenged notifications relating to human rights courts. The court noted that while the Protection of Human Rights Act is a central law, Section 30 allows state governments to specify human rights courts with the chief justice's approval. The court also noted that the term "state" in the Act includes union territories like Delhi. However, the court issued notice on the prayers seeking one human rights court in each district court of Delhi and for appointing independent human rights prosecutors to those courts. Respondents were given 4 weeks to file counter affidavits on those issues.
Types of majority required under Constitution of India-General Studies Civil ...Yatendra Kumar
Types of majority required under Constitution of India-Majority of members present and voting
Majority of all then members
Majority of membership and two thirds present and voting
Majority of 2/3rd of membership
Majority of not less than 2/3rd members present and voting
The document outlines the original Constitution of the United States including the preamble outlining its purposes and the first 7 articles establishing the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. It then lists the first 10 amendments known as the Bill of Rights guaranteeing individual liberties and civil rights. Further amendments expanded voting rights, prohibited slavery, established income tax, and otherwise modified the government structure and powers over time.
Articles of Constitution of India which make reference to courtsYatendra Kumar
The document contains excerpts from the Constitution of India that mention the word "Court". Some key points:
- It establishes the Supreme Court of India and High Courts in states, and outlines their powers and jurisdiction.
- It guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights.
- It discusses the appointment and removal of judges, and their salaries.
- It limits discussion of judges' conduct and makes their decisions final.
- It prevents questioning of constitutional amendments in courts.
This bill proposes several amendments to Ohio's Oil and Gas Law. It would require recording and notification of assignments of leases for real property used for injection wells. It would revise permit application and issuance procedures for wells injecting brine and other waste from oil and gas operations. It would establish additional fees for injection and require permitting for pre-2014 injection operations. It would also establish groundwater monitoring requirements related to injection.
REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA LAW ON THE APPROVAL AND ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE CRIMINA...authors boards
Article 1. Approval of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania
The Seimas hereby approves the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.
Article 2. Entry into Force of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania
1. The Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania shall enter into force concurrently and solely upon co-ordination with the new Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania and the Penal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.
2. A specific date of the entry into force of all the codes as indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be set by a separate law.
Article 3. Procedure for Implementing the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania
A procedure for implementing the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania shall be laid down by a separate law.
All People's Congress v NASMOS, Supreme Court of Sierra Leone, 26 October 1999Tony Kinnear
This case concerns the interpretation of Section 133 of the 1991 Sierra Leone Constitution, which abolished the requirement for a "petition of right" process to commence legal proceedings against the government. Specifically, the Supreme Court had to determine whether Section 133(1) was inoperative until Section 133(2) was enacted by Parliament.
The Supreme Court held that Section 133(1) abolished the petition of right process upon the Constitution coming into force. Section 133(1) and (2) could be read literally and there was no ambiguity or link between the two subsections. Therefore, the plaintiff was not required to follow the petition of right process and could commence proceedings directly against the government. However, the existing procedural law under
This document provides an amended bill on immigration. Key points:
20
25
30
35
40
1. It allows for the removal of persons unlawfully in the UK and their family members.
2. It expands immigration officers' enforcement powers and makes changes to bail provisions.
3. It requires biometric information to be provided with more immigration applications and citizenship applications.
4. It defines biometric information and allows biometric immigration documents to be required.
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act - Effect of Nemi Chand's JudgmentLegal
Prevention of food adulteration act food safety and standards act amendment nemichand supreme court judgment beneficial to accused fine only sub-standard unsafe injurius to health new act law
This document is a bill introduced in the US House of Representatives on December 2, 2014 to impose sanctions on Russia and provide additional assistance to Ukraine. Key points:
- It proposes sanctions on Russian entities involved in the defense sector like Rosoboronexport and those assisting Syria.
- It allows sanctions on foreign persons significantly investing in Russian energy projects or withholding natural gas from European countries.
- Sanctions could include restrictions on US export-import bank assistance, government contracts, arms/dual-use exports, and financial transactions.
- The bill also aims to increase military and other assistance for Ukraine's government.
This bill requires the Commission on Federalism to create a curriculum on the principles of federalism. It then mandates that certain state and local agencies designate an employee to attend a seminar on federalism using this curriculum once every two years. The covered agencies include all political subdivisions of the state, state agencies, the Attorney General's office, and the Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel. The curriculum must include topics like the history of the 10th Amendment and the relationship between state and federal governments.
Article II of the Constitution establishes the executive branch and outlines the powers and duties of the President. It specifies that the President must be a natural born citizen over 35 years old, serves a 4-year term, and is both head of state and head of government. As Commander-in-Chief, the President leads the military and appoints Cabinet members to advise on issues. The President can make treaties with approval from the Senate, nominate public officials with Senate consent, grant pardons, and ensure laws are enforced.
This document is an enrolled copy of House Bill 164 from the 2014 General Session of the Utah Legislature. It proposes an interstate compact to establish a commission to consider mechanisms for transferring federal public lands to state control. Key provisions include establishing membership and procedures for the compact commission, designating a compact administrator, defining funding sources, and setting goals of securing state sovereignty and jurisdiction over western public lands. The bill enacts the full text of the proposed Interstate Compact on the Transfer of Public Lands.
This document outlines the Registration of Births and Deaths Act of 1969 in India. Some key points:
- It establishes a system for registration of births and deaths across India, with the Registrar General of India overseeing registration at the national level.
- At the state level, each state has a Chief Registrar who coordinates registration. District and local registrars register births and deaths in their respective jurisdictions.
- It places the duty on local heads of households, medical professionals, jail authorities and others to register births and deaths that occur under their purview and provide details to the local registrar.
- It provides for registration of births and deaths that occur anytime within one year, though
This document is the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897 from India. It gives the government broad powers to take measures to prevent the spread of dangerous epidemic diseases. Specifically, it allows the state government to issue temporary regulations for the public if ordinary laws are insufficient. This can include inspecting and segregating those suspected to be infected. It also protects any person acting in good faith under this Act from legal liability. Violating regulations made under this Act is a criminal offense.
This document is the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 which established the Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Boards in India to prevent and control water pollution. Key points:
1) It establishes the Central Pollution Control Board at the national level and State Pollution Control Boards at the state level to regulate water pollution.
2) The boards are given powers to enforce water pollution control measures and maintain water quality standards.
3) It applies initially to 12 states and union territories that adopted the law, and allows other states to adopt it through legislative resolutions.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has listed the northern long-eared bat as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act. That designation will mean onerous new regulations placed on not only the oil and gas industry, but also on agriculture and construction. The problem is, the bat is not threatened by habitat destruction--they are threatened by a fungus called white nose syndrome. USFWS is "fixing" the wrong problem with their listing of the bat as threatened and these harsh new rules.
This bill aims to impose sanctions on Russia in response to its actions in Ukraine. It would impose sanctions on Russia's defense and energy sectors, including its largest defense firm Rosoboronexport and persons investing in Russian oil projects. It would also codify existing executive orders on sanctions. The bill seeks to further assist Ukraine by providing military and nonmilitary aid and expanding broadcasting in former Soviet states.
US draft sanctions on russia - senate version (Sept 2014)Andrew Gelston
This document is a bill introduced in the US Senate on September 16, 2014 to impose sanctions on Russia and provide additional assistance to Ukraine. It was reported out of committee with amendments on September 18, 2014. The bill defines key terms and outlines a policy of further assisting Ukraine to restore its sovereignty and territorial integrity in response to Russian actions. It proposes sanctions on Russian defense and energy sectors, including on specific entities. The sanctions could include restrictions on US export-import bank assistance, government procurement, arms exports, and dual-use exports.
Protecting Ukraine sovereignty act of 2022BabelNews
This document is a bill introduced in the U.S. Senate to counter Russian aggression against Ukraine and Eastern European allies. It aims to expedite security assistance to Ukraine to bolster its defense capabilities, impose sanctions on Russia relating to its actions in Ukraine, and develop strategies to strengthen Ukraine's defenses and regional security cooperation. Key provisions include prioritizing delivery of excess U.S. defense equipment to Ukraine, using defense funds and leases to provide arms more quickly, and authorizing additional foreign military financing and training for Ukraine.
The dowry prohibition (maintenance of lists of presents to the bride and brid...Leo Lukose
THE DOWRY PROHIBITION (MAINTENANCE OF LISTS OF PRESENTS TO THE BRIDE AND BRIDEGROOM) RULES, 1985]
G.S.R. 664 (E). ? In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 9 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961), the Central Government hereby make the following rules, namely: ?
1. Short title and commencement. ? (1) These rules may be called the Dowry Prohibition (Maintenance of Lists of Presents to the Bride and Bridegroom) Rules, 1985.
(2) They shall come into force on the 2nd day of October, 1985 being the date appointed for the coming into force of the Dowry prohibition (Amendment) Act, 1984 (63 of 1984).
2. Rules in accordance with which lists of presents are to be maintained ? ?(1) The list of presents which are given at the time of the marriage to the bride shall be maintained by the bride.
(2) The list of presents which are given at the time of the marriage to the bridegroom shall be maintained by the bridegroom.
(3) Every list of presents referred to in sub-rule (1) or sub-rule (2) ?
(a) shall be prepared at the time of the marriage or as soon as possible after the marriage;
(b) shall be in writing;
(c) shall contain:
(i) a brief description of each present;
(ii) the approximate value of the present;
(iii) the name of the person who has given the present; and
(iv) where the person giving the present is related to the bride or bridegroom, a description of such relationship;
(d) shall be signed by both the bride and the bridegroom.
Explanation 1. Where the bride is unable to sign, she may affix her thumb impression in lieu of her signature after having the list read out to her and obtaining signature on the list of, the person who has so read out the particulars contained in the list.
Explanation 2. ? Where the bridegroom is unable to sign, he may affix his thumb impression in lieu of his signature after having the list read out to him and obtaining the signature on the list, of the person who has so read out the particulars contained in the list.
(4) The bride or the bridegroom may, if she or he so desires, obtained on either or both of the lists referred to in sub-rule (1) or sub-section (2) the signature or signatures of any relations of the bride or the bridegroom or of any other person or persons present at the time of the marriage.
The document outlines the National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill passed by Parliament to regulate the procedure for recommending appointments of chief justices and other judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts in India. It establishes the National Judicial Appointments Commission to make recommendations to fill judicial vacancies. The bill defines key terms and sets headquarters in Delhi. It outlines procedures for recommending appointments and transfers of chief justices and judges based on criteria like seniority, merit, and ability.
The document outlines the National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill passed by Parliament. It establishes procedures for the Commission to recommend appointments and transfers of Chief Justices and other judges. Key points include:
- The Commission will recommend appointments and transfers of Chief Justices and judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
- It will consider seniority, ability, merit and other criteria in recommendations.
- The President will make appointments based on the Commission's recommendations, but can require reconsideration.
- Regulations and rules will further specify procedures and criteria for the Commission's functions.
The document outlines the original Constitution of the United States including the preamble outlining its purposes and the first 7 articles establishing the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. It then lists the first 10 amendments known as the Bill of Rights guaranteeing individual liberties and civil rights. Further amendments expanded voting rights, prohibited slavery, established income tax, and otherwise modified the government structure and powers over time.
Articles of Constitution of India which make reference to courtsYatendra Kumar
The document contains excerpts from the Constitution of India that mention the word "Court". Some key points:
- It establishes the Supreme Court of India and High Courts in states, and outlines their powers and jurisdiction.
- It guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights.
- It discusses the appointment and removal of judges, and their salaries.
- It limits discussion of judges' conduct and makes their decisions final.
- It prevents questioning of constitutional amendments in courts.
This bill proposes several amendments to Ohio's Oil and Gas Law. It would require recording and notification of assignments of leases for real property used for injection wells. It would revise permit application and issuance procedures for wells injecting brine and other waste from oil and gas operations. It would establish additional fees for injection and require permitting for pre-2014 injection operations. It would also establish groundwater monitoring requirements related to injection.
REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA LAW ON THE APPROVAL AND ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE CRIMINA...authors boards
Article 1. Approval of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania
The Seimas hereby approves the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.
Article 2. Entry into Force of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania
1. The Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania shall enter into force concurrently and solely upon co-ordination with the new Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania and the Penal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.
2. A specific date of the entry into force of all the codes as indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be set by a separate law.
Article 3. Procedure for Implementing the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania
A procedure for implementing the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania shall be laid down by a separate law.
All People's Congress v NASMOS, Supreme Court of Sierra Leone, 26 October 1999Tony Kinnear
This case concerns the interpretation of Section 133 of the 1991 Sierra Leone Constitution, which abolished the requirement for a "petition of right" process to commence legal proceedings against the government. Specifically, the Supreme Court had to determine whether Section 133(1) was inoperative until Section 133(2) was enacted by Parliament.
The Supreme Court held that Section 133(1) abolished the petition of right process upon the Constitution coming into force. Section 133(1) and (2) could be read literally and there was no ambiguity or link between the two subsections. Therefore, the plaintiff was not required to follow the petition of right process and could commence proceedings directly against the government. However, the existing procedural law under
This document provides an amended bill on immigration. Key points:
20
25
30
35
40
1. It allows for the removal of persons unlawfully in the UK and their family members.
2. It expands immigration officers' enforcement powers and makes changes to bail provisions.
3. It requires biometric information to be provided with more immigration applications and citizenship applications.
4. It defines biometric information and allows biometric immigration documents to be required.
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act - Effect of Nemi Chand's JudgmentLegal
Prevention of food adulteration act food safety and standards act amendment nemichand supreme court judgment beneficial to accused fine only sub-standard unsafe injurius to health new act law
This document is a bill introduced in the US House of Representatives on December 2, 2014 to impose sanctions on Russia and provide additional assistance to Ukraine. Key points:
- It proposes sanctions on Russian entities involved in the defense sector like Rosoboronexport and those assisting Syria.
- It allows sanctions on foreign persons significantly investing in Russian energy projects or withholding natural gas from European countries.
- Sanctions could include restrictions on US export-import bank assistance, government contracts, arms/dual-use exports, and financial transactions.
- The bill also aims to increase military and other assistance for Ukraine's government.
This bill requires the Commission on Federalism to create a curriculum on the principles of federalism. It then mandates that certain state and local agencies designate an employee to attend a seminar on federalism using this curriculum once every two years. The covered agencies include all political subdivisions of the state, state agencies, the Attorney General's office, and the Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel. The curriculum must include topics like the history of the 10th Amendment and the relationship between state and federal governments.
Article II of the Constitution establishes the executive branch and outlines the powers and duties of the President. It specifies that the President must be a natural born citizen over 35 years old, serves a 4-year term, and is both head of state and head of government. As Commander-in-Chief, the President leads the military and appoints Cabinet members to advise on issues. The President can make treaties with approval from the Senate, nominate public officials with Senate consent, grant pardons, and ensure laws are enforced.
This document is an enrolled copy of House Bill 164 from the 2014 General Session of the Utah Legislature. It proposes an interstate compact to establish a commission to consider mechanisms for transferring federal public lands to state control. Key provisions include establishing membership and procedures for the compact commission, designating a compact administrator, defining funding sources, and setting goals of securing state sovereignty and jurisdiction over western public lands. The bill enacts the full text of the proposed Interstate Compact on the Transfer of Public Lands.
This document outlines the Registration of Births and Deaths Act of 1969 in India. Some key points:
- It establishes a system for registration of births and deaths across India, with the Registrar General of India overseeing registration at the national level.
- At the state level, each state has a Chief Registrar who coordinates registration. District and local registrars register births and deaths in their respective jurisdictions.
- It places the duty on local heads of households, medical professionals, jail authorities and others to register births and deaths that occur under their purview and provide details to the local registrar.
- It provides for registration of births and deaths that occur anytime within one year, though
This document is the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897 from India. It gives the government broad powers to take measures to prevent the spread of dangerous epidemic diseases. Specifically, it allows the state government to issue temporary regulations for the public if ordinary laws are insufficient. This can include inspecting and segregating those suspected to be infected. It also protects any person acting in good faith under this Act from legal liability. Violating regulations made under this Act is a criminal offense.
This document is the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 which established the Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Boards in India to prevent and control water pollution. Key points:
1) It establishes the Central Pollution Control Board at the national level and State Pollution Control Boards at the state level to regulate water pollution.
2) The boards are given powers to enforce water pollution control measures and maintain water quality standards.
3) It applies initially to 12 states and union territories that adopted the law, and allows other states to adopt it through legislative resolutions.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has listed the northern long-eared bat as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act. That designation will mean onerous new regulations placed on not only the oil and gas industry, but also on agriculture and construction. The problem is, the bat is not threatened by habitat destruction--they are threatened by a fungus called white nose syndrome. USFWS is "fixing" the wrong problem with their listing of the bat as threatened and these harsh new rules.
This bill aims to impose sanctions on Russia in response to its actions in Ukraine. It would impose sanctions on Russia's defense and energy sectors, including its largest defense firm Rosoboronexport and persons investing in Russian oil projects. It would also codify existing executive orders on sanctions. The bill seeks to further assist Ukraine by providing military and nonmilitary aid and expanding broadcasting in former Soviet states.
US draft sanctions on russia - senate version (Sept 2014)Andrew Gelston
This document is a bill introduced in the US Senate on September 16, 2014 to impose sanctions on Russia and provide additional assistance to Ukraine. It was reported out of committee with amendments on September 18, 2014. The bill defines key terms and outlines a policy of further assisting Ukraine to restore its sovereignty and territorial integrity in response to Russian actions. It proposes sanctions on Russian defense and energy sectors, including on specific entities. The sanctions could include restrictions on US export-import bank assistance, government procurement, arms exports, and dual-use exports.
Protecting Ukraine sovereignty act of 2022BabelNews
This document is a bill introduced in the U.S. Senate to counter Russian aggression against Ukraine and Eastern European allies. It aims to expedite security assistance to Ukraine to bolster its defense capabilities, impose sanctions on Russia relating to its actions in Ukraine, and develop strategies to strengthen Ukraine's defenses and regional security cooperation. Key provisions include prioritizing delivery of excess U.S. defense equipment to Ukraine, using defense funds and leases to provide arms more quickly, and authorizing additional foreign military financing and training for Ukraine.
The dowry prohibition (maintenance of lists of presents to the bride and brid...Leo Lukose
THE DOWRY PROHIBITION (MAINTENANCE OF LISTS OF PRESENTS TO THE BRIDE AND BRIDEGROOM) RULES, 1985]
G.S.R. 664 (E). ? In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 9 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961), the Central Government hereby make the following rules, namely: ?
1. Short title and commencement. ? (1) These rules may be called the Dowry Prohibition (Maintenance of Lists of Presents to the Bride and Bridegroom) Rules, 1985.
(2) They shall come into force on the 2nd day of October, 1985 being the date appointed for the coming into force of the Dowry prohibition (Amendment) Act, 1984 (63 of 1984).
2. Rules in accordance with which lists of presents are to be maintained ? ?(1) The list of presents which are given at the time of the marriage to the bride shall be maintained by the bride.
(2) The list of presents which are given at the time of the marriage to the bridegroom shall be maintained by the bridegroom.
(3) Every list of presents referred to in sub-rule (1) or sub-rule (2) ?
(a) shall be prepared at the time of the marriage or as soon as possible after the marriage;
(b) shall be in writing;
(c) shall contain:
(i) a brief description of each present;
(ii) the approximate value of the present;
(iii) the name of the person who has given the present; and
(iv) where the person giving the present is related to the bride or bridegroom, a description of such relationship;
(d) shall be signed by both the bride and the bridegroom.
Explanation 1. Where the bride is unable to sign, she may affix her thumb impression in lieu of her signature after having the list read out to her and obtaining signature on the list of, the person who has so read out the particulars contained in the list.
Explanation 2. ? Where the bridegroom is unable to sign, he may affix his thumb impression in lieu of his signature after having the list read out to him and obtaining the signature on the list, of the person who has so read out the particulars contained in the list.
(4) The bride or the bridegroom may, if she or he so desires, obtained on either or both of the lists referred to in sub-rule (1) or sub-section (2) the signature or signatures of any relations of the bride or the bridegroom or of any other person or persons present at the time of the marriage.
The document outlines the National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill passed by Parliament to regulate the procedure for recommending appointments of chief justices and other judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts in India. It establishes the National Judicial Appointments Commission to make recommendations to fill judicial vacancies. The bill defines key terms and sets headquarters in Delhi. It outlines procedures for recommending appointments and transfers of chief justices and judges based on criteria like seniority, merit, and ability.
The document outlines the National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill passed by Parliament. It establishes procedures for the Commission to recommend appointments and transfers of Chief Justices and other judges. Key points include:
- The Commission will recommend appointments and transfers of Chief Justices and judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
- It will consider seniority, ability, merit and other criteria in recommendations.
- The President will make appointments based on the Commission's recommendations, but can require reconsideration.
- Regulations and rules will further specify procedures and criteria for the Commission's functions.
Powers of President of India-General Studies Civil ServiceYatendra Kumar
Legislative powers of President of India, Rules making Powers of President of India, Executive powers of President, Regulations made by President, Special Powers of the President
The document discusses constitutional amendments in Malaysia. It covers:
1) The methods and requirements for amending the Federal Constitution under Articles 159 and 161E, including amendments requiring a two-thirds majority and consent of the Conference of Rulers or State Governor.
2) Key court cases that shaped the interpretation of constitutional amendment provisions.
3) The controversial 1983 and 1984 amendments regarding legislative seats and royal powers.
4) The 1993 amendments further limiting royal immunity and self-pardons.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in India with original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction. It has a Chief Justice and 25 other judges appointed by the President. Judges hold office until age 65 and can only be removed by impeachment for misbehavior or incapacity. The Supreme Court has all powers of a court of record, including the ability to punish for contempt. It hears disputes between the central government and states, or between two or more states under its original jurisdiction.
This document contains extracts from the Constitution of Pakistan relating to terms and conditions of service for civil servants. It discusses provisions around appointments to and conditions of service in the federal and provincial governments, the role of public service commissions, continuation of existing laws, establishment of administrative courts, and protections against discrimination in services. Key principles include that appointments and conditions of service are determined by acts of the respective legislatures, existing rules continue until altered, and protections for representation of all classes in government services.
The Architects Act of 1972 established the Council of Architecture to regulate the profession of architecture in India. Some key points:
- The Act provides for the registration of architects and matters related to it.
- It constitutes the Council of Architecture, which regulates the registration of architects and oversees recognized qualifications in architecture.
- The Council consists of members representing various architectural organizations, institutions, and state and central government bodies. It regulates the registration of architects and oversees standards of architectural education and qualifications.
- The Act defines recognized qualifications in architecture, provides for the recognition of foreign qualifications, and empowers the Council to regulate architectural education standards and inspect academic institutions.
The Architects Act of 1972 established the Council of Architecture to regulate the profession of architecture in India. Some key points:
- The Act provides for the registration of architects and matters related to it.
- It constitutes the Council of Architecture, which regulates the practice of architecture and maintains the register of architects in India.
- The Council consists of 20 members representing various architectural bodies and organizations. It regulates qualifications, conducts inspections of educational institutions, and oversees the registration of architects.
- The Council is responsible for recognizing architectural qualifications from India and abroad, maintaining the register of architects, and ensuring compliance with standards of practice.
The 24th amendment to the Indian constitution was enacted to override the Supreme Court's ruling in Golaknath v State of Punjab (1967). This ruling had determined that parliament did not have the power to amend parts of the constitution relating to fundamental rights. The 24th amendment expressly gave parliament the power to amend any part of the constitution by adding clause 4 to article 13, stating that article 13 does not apply to amendments made under article 368. It also updated article 368 about the procedure for amending the constitution. This ensured parliament had authority over fundamental rights amendments.
The document is an Act to enact a new Constitution for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, replacing the previous 1979 Constitution. It repeals and replaces the previous Constitution with a new Constitution contained in a schedule. It establishes a transitional period and provides that existing laws, property, legal proceedings, rights and obligations will continue with the new government structures under the new Constitution.
Impact and its Aftermath of 18th Amend..pptx4rf5v8w8fb
The document discusses the changes brought about by the 18th Amendment to the Pakistani constitution regarding federalism. It analyzes the consequences of removing the Concurrent Legislative List and transferring several areas like criminal law, civil law, and arbitration to provincial control. This has shifted powers away from the central government towards the provinces, but without putting in place strong checks and balances. It questions whether this has moved Pakistan towards a more confederal system or abolished central powers without proper safeguards. The document also examines the role of the Council of Common Interests in overseeing certain matters between the federal and provincial governments.
This document is an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan that makes several changes related to elections and caretaker governments. It establishes an Election Commission of Pakistan to replace the Chief Election Commissioner. It creates a process for selecting a caretaker Prime Minister or Chief Minister if the Prime Minister/Chief Minister and Leader of the Opposition cannot agree on a candidate. It also makes other minor changes to strengthen the independence of the Election Commission and clarify rules around caretaker governments and elections.
This document contains rules related to mines and mining in India from 1955. Some key points:
- It establishes committees to oversee mines safety and administration with members from government, owners, and workers.
- It outlines procedures for committee meetings including notice, agenda, voting, and record keeping.
- Courts of inquiry are to publicly investigate accidents and incidents to find causes and enable reporting.
- Expenses of an inquiry can be recovered from management if negligence is found.
The document summarizes the different methods of amending the Malaysian Constitution as outlined in Articles 159 and 161E. It discusses four methods: amendments requiring a simple majority in Parliament; a two-thirds majority in Parliament and consent of the Conference of Rulers; a two-thirds majority in Parliament and consent of the Governors of Sabah and Sarawak; and a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament. It also examines debates around amendments affecting the basic structure of the Constitution and examples of past attempted amendments concerning the powers of the King and constitutional monarchy.
This document amends the Foreigners Act of 1964 by making several changes. It allows state governments or district collectors to constitute tribunals to hear appeals regarding foreigner status, instead of only the central government. It updates a reference to the Citizenship Rules of 1956 to refer instead to the Citizenship Rules of 2009. It establishes new procedures for appeals to be filed and heard by the designated tribunals.
MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM Administration of justice part 2xareejx
The document outlines the jurisdiction and sentencing powers of various Malaysian courts. It explains that first class magistrates try offences with maximum 10 years imprisonment or fine-only offences. Sessions courts try all offences except those punishable by death. The high court, court of appeal and federal court have broad jurisdiction over criminal cases, with higher courts able to substitute sentences passed in lower courts. Shariah courts have jurisdiction over Muslims in matters of Islamic law.
2015 amendments to the manual for courts martial eo13696RepentSinner
This executive order amends the Manual for Courts-Martial to update rules related to preliminary hearings and pretrial confinement procedures. Key changes include: (1) Requiring general courts-martial jurisdiction for certain sexual offenses; (2) Providing victims' rights to notice and participation in pretrial confinement reviews; and (3) Requiring disclosure of evidence to the defense following direction of a preliminary hearing. The order takes effect immediately but does not invalidate prior actions or make past acts punishable.
The document summarizes the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act of 1946 which established a special police force called the Delhi Special Police Establishment to investigate certain offenses. Key points:
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This document summarizes amendments made to Malaysia's Criminal Procedure Code through the Criminal Procedure Code (Amendment and Extension) Act 1976. Key points:
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The document announces two notifications from the Supreme Court of India. The first appoints August 19th, 2014 as the date the new Supreme Court Rules, 2013 will come into force. The second notification publishes the full text of the new Supreme Court Rules, 2013, which cover general interpretation, court operations, officers of the court, and other administrative details.
Similar to Federal constitution malaysia chapter 21 (20)
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Federal constitution malaysia chapter 21
1. Chapter 21
Amendment to the
Constitution
FEDERAL
CONSTITUTION
List of amendment
Amending law Short title in force from
ord. 42/1958 Constitution (temporary
Amendment) ordinance
1958
05-12-1958
Act 10/1960 Constitution (Amendment)
Act 1960
31-05-1960 except
s.13 and para.17(d):
31-08-1957; s.31: 08-
08-1960; s.3:
11-09-1960; s.2, 33
and 35: 01-12-1960;
s.22, 24 and para.
27(a) and (c):
01-04-1961;
s.26: 16-09-1963
Act 14/1962 Constitution (Amendment)
Act 1962
s.8, 13, 24 and 30:
31-08-1957; s.32
(para.14 of Schedule:
01 -12 -1960 ; s.12,
14, 15, 17 to 23,
28, 29 and 34, s.32
(subsubpara.(c) of
para.1 of Schedule
and para.4 to para.11
o f S c h e d u l e ) :
21-06-1962; s.16, 25
and 33: 15-07-1962;
s.2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10,
11, 26 and 27, s.32
(para.3 and 12 of
Schedule):
01-10-1962; s.5, s.32
(subsubpara.(a) and (
b) of para. 1 of
Schedule):
01-07-1963; s.7, s.32
(para.2 of Schedule):
01-02-1964; s.32
(para.13 ofSchedule):
16-09-1963
3. Federal Constitution 216
Amending law Short title in force from
Act 26/1963 Malaysia Act 16-09-1963 except
s.37: 31-08-1957
Act 19/1964 Constitution (Amendment)
Act 1964
30-07-1964 except
s.5: 16-09-1963;
s.4: 01-01-1965
Act 31/1965 Constitution and Malaysia
Act (Amendment) Act 1965
01-07-1965 except
part i of First
Schedule and Second
Schedule: 16-09-1963;
part ii of First
Schedule–amendment
of Article 132 of the
Constitution–Malacca:
0 1- 0 5- 1 96 0 ; a nd
penang: 01-11-1959
Act 53/1965 Constitution and Malaysia
(Singapore Amendment)
Act 1965
09-08-1965
Act 59/1966 Constitution (Amendment)
Act 1966
19-09-1966 except
Schedule
(amendments of
Articles 1, 3, 14, 15,
16, 16a, 18, 19, 19a,
26a, 28a, 30, 30a, 30b
42, 46, 88, 95b, 95d,
95e, 112a, 112b, 112e,
113, 121, 122a, 122b,
146b, 146C(1), 159,
160, 161f-161h, 169,
Second Schedule,
eighth Schedule (s.23)
and ninth Schedule:
09-08-1965; Schedule
(amendments of
Article 71):
16-09-1963;
Schedule
(amendments of
tenth Schedule:
01-01-1963
4. Federal Constitution 217
Parliamentary Secretaries
43b. (1) the prime Minister may appoint parliamentary Secretaries
from among the members of either house of parliament; but if an
appointment is made while parliament is dissolved, a person who
was a member of the last house of Representatives may be
appointed, but shall not hold office after the beginning of the next
session of parliament unless he is a member either of that house or
of the Senate.
(2) parliamentary Secretaries shall assist Ministers and Deputy
Ministers in the discharge of their duties and functions, and for such
purpose shall have all the powers of Ministers and Deputy
Ministers.
(3) A parliamentary Secretary may at any time resign his office,
and his appointment as such may be determined at any time by
the prime Minister.
(4) before a parliamentary Secretary exercises the functions of
his office he shall take and subscribe in the presence of the prime
Minister the oath of secrecy set out in the Sixth Schedule.
(5) parliament shall by law make provision for the remuneration
of parliamentary Secretaries.
Political Secretaries
43C. (1) the prime Minister may appoint such number of persons as
he may think fit to be political Secretaries.
(2) A person appointed as a political Secretary by virtue of this
Article—
(a) need not be a member of either house of parliament;
(b) may resign his office at any time;
5. Federal Constitution 218
Article Amending authority in force from
appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister, after
consulting the Conference of Rulers. (2) Before tendering his advice as to the appointment
under Clause
(1) of a judge other than the Chief Justice of the Federal Court, the Prime Minister shall consult
the Chief Justice.
(2) of Article 122aa as it applies to the appointment of a judge of that court other than the Chief
Judge.
(3) Before tendering his advice as to the appointment under Clause (1) of the Chief Judge of a
High Court, the Prime Minister shall consult the Chief Judge of each of the High Courts and, if
the appointment is to the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak, the Chief Minister of each of the
States of Sabah and Sarawak.
(4) Before tendering his advice as to the appointment under Clause (1) of a judge other than the
Chief Justice, President or a Chief Judge, the Prime Minister shall consult, if the appointment is
to the Federal Court, the Chief Justice of the Federal Court, if the appointment is to the Court of
Appeal, the President of the Court of Appeal and, if the appointment is to one of the High
Courts, the Chief Judge of that Court.
(5) This Article shall apply to the designation of a person to sit as judge of a High Court under
Clause (6) Notwithstanding the dates of their respective appointments as judges of the Federal
Court, of the Court of Appeal or of the High Courts, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, acting on the
advice of the Prime Minister given after consulting the Chief Justice, may determine the order
of precedence of the judges among themselves
Transfer of judge of one High Court to another
122c. Article 122b shall not apply to the transfer to a High Court, otherwise than as Chief Judge, of a
judge of another High Court other than the Chief Judge; and such a transfer may be made by the Yang
di-Pertuan Agong, on the recommendation of the Chief Justice of the Federal Court, after consulting the
Chief Judges of the two High Courts.
Qualifications of judges ofFederal Court, Court ofAppeal and High
Courts 123. A person is qualified for appointment under Article 122b as
Oath of office of judges 124.
(1) The Chief Justice of the Federal Court shall before exercising the functions of his office take
and subscribe the oath of office and allegiance set out in the Sixth Schedule, and shall do so in
the presence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
(2) A judge of the Federal Court, the Court of Appeal or a High Court, other than the Chief
Justice of the Federal Court, shall before exercising the functions of a judge take and subscribe
the oath of office and allegiance set out in the Sixth Schedule in relation to his judicial duties in
whatever office.
(2a) A person taking the oath on becoming the President of the Court of Appeal shall do so in
the presence of the senior judge available of the Court of Appeal.
6. Federal Constitution 219
Article Amending authority in force from
(3) A person taking the oath on becoming Chief Judge of a High Court shall do so in the
presence of the senior judge available of that High Court.
(4) A person taking the oath on becoming a judge of the Federal Court shall do so in the
presence of the Chief Justice or, in his absence, the next senior judge available of the Federal
Court.
(4a) A person taking the oath on becoming a judge of the Court of Appeal shall do so in the
presence of the President of the Court of Appeal or, in his absence, the next senior judge
available of the Court of Appeal.
(6) A person taking the oath on become High Court (but not Chief Judge) shall do so in the presence
of the Chief Judge of that Court
Art.122b—(cont.) b. Clause (4), by substituting the words “the Chief Justice of eachof the High Courts”
for “Chief Justices of all the High Courts”.
Clauses (1) & (4) Substituted by Act A885, paragraphs 17(b) and (e), in force from 24-06-1994. The
original Clauses read as follows: “(1) The Lord President of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justices of the
High Courts and (subject to Article 122c) the other judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts
shall be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister, after
consulting the Conference of Rulers.
Clause (2) the words “Chief Justice” and “Federal” substituted respectively for “Lord
President” and “Supreme” by Act A885, paragraph 17(c), in force from 24-06-1994.
Clause (3) a. The words “the States of Sabah and Sarawak” substituted for “the Borneo States”
by Act A354, section 43, in force from 27-08-1976. b. The words “Judge” and “Sabah and
Sarawak” substituted respectively for “Justice” and “Borneo” by Act A885, paragraph 17(d), in
force from 24-06-1994. 4.
See Articles 122 a (2), 122c & 123. 5. The word “Supreme” substituted for “Federal” by Act
A566, subsection 16(1), in force from 01-01-1985.
(4) Before tendering his advice as to the appointment under Clause (1) of a judge other than the
Lord President or a Chief Justice, the Prime Minister shall consult, if the appointment is to the
Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of each of the High Courts and, if the appointment is to one of
the High Courts, the Chief Justice of that court.”.
Clause (5) The words “Article 122 (2)” and “Judge” substituted respectively for “Article 122
a(2)” and “Justice” by Act A885, paragraph 17(f), in force from 24-06-1994.
Clause (6) a. Inserted by Act A566, subsection 16(2), in force from 01-01-1985. b. The words
“Federal Court, of the Court of Appeal” and “Chief Justice” substituted respectively for
“Supreme Court” and “Lord President” by Act A885, paragraph 17(g), in force from 24-06-
1994. Art. 122c
7. Federal Constitution 220
Article Amending authority in force from1. Added by Act 26/1963, section 18, in force from 16-09-1963.
2. The word “Supreme” substituted for “Federal” by Act A566, subsection 16(1), in force from
01-01-1985. 3. The words “Judge”, “Chief Justice of the Federal Court” and “Judges”
substituted respectively for “Justice”, “Lord President of the Supreme Court” and “Justices” by
Act A885, section 18, in force from 24-06-1994.
Tenure of office and remuneration of judges of Federal Court 125.
(1) Subject to the provisions of Clauses (2) to (5), a judge of the Federal Court shall hold office
until he attains the age of sixty six years or such later time, not being later than six months after
he attains that age, as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may approve.
(2) A judge of the Federal Court may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand
addressed to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong but shall not be removed from office except in
accordance with the following provisions of this Article
(3) If the Prime Minister, or the Chief Justice after consulting the Prime Minister, represents to the Yang
di-Pertuan Agong that a judge of the Federal Court ought to be removed on the ground of any breach of
any provision of the code of ethics prescribed under Clause (3b) or on the ground of inability, from
infirmity of body or mind or any other cause,properly to discharge the functions of his office, the Yang
di-Pertuan Agong shall appoint a tribunal in accordance with Clause (4) and refer the representation to
it; and may on the recommendation of the tribunal remove the judge from office.
(3a) Where a judge has committed a breach of any provisions of the code of ethics prescribed under
Clause (3b) but the Chief Justice is of the opinion that the breach does not warrant the judge being
referred to a tribunal appointed under Clause (4), the Chief Justice may refer the judge to a body
constituted under federal law to deal with such breach.
(3b) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the recommendation of the Chief Justice, the President of the Court
of Appeal and the Chief Judges of the High Courts may, after consulting the Prime Minister, prescribe
in writing a code of ethics which shall also include provisions on the procedure to be followed and
sanctions which can be imposed other than the removal of a judge from office under Clause (3), in
relation to a breach of any provision of the code of ethics.
(3c) The code of ethics prescribed under Clause (3b) shall be observed by every judge of the Federal
Court and every judicial commissioner.
Art. 125 Clause (1)
a. Act 14/1962, section 32, in force from 21-06-1962, substituted the words “the provisions of
Clauses (2) to (5)” for “the following provisions of this Article”.
b. Act 26/1963, paragraph 22(2)(a), in force from 16-09-1963, substituted the words “Federal
Court” for “Supreme Court”.
c. Subsequently, the word “Supreme” substituted for “Federal” by Act A566, subsection 16(1),
in force from 01-01-1985.
d. The word “Federal” substituted for “Supreme” by Act A885, paragraph 21(a), in force from
24-06-1994.
e. The words “sixty-six years” substituted for “sixty-five years” by Act A1239, section 3, in
force from 21-03-2005.
8. Federal Constitution 221
Article Amending authority in force from
Clause (2)
a. The words “Federal Court” substituted for “Supreme Court” by Act 26/1963, paragraph
22(2)(a), in force from 16-09-1963.
b. Subsequently, the word “Supreme” substituted for “Federal” by Act A566, subsection 16(1),
in force from 01-01-1985. c. The word “Federal” substituted for “Supreme” by Act A885,
paragraph 21(a), in force from 24-06-1994.
Clause (3)
a. The words “Lord President” and “Federal Court” substituted for “Chief Justice” and
“Supreme Court” respectively by Act 26/1963, paragraph 22(2)(a), in force from 16-09-1963.
Subsequently, the word “Supreme” substituted for “Federal” by Act A566, subsection 16(1), in
force from 01-01-1985.
b. See Art. 65(3).
c. The words “Chief Justice” and “Federal” substituted respectively for “Lord President” and
“Supreme” by Act A885, subparagraph 21(b)(i), in force from 24-06-1994.
d. The words “any breach of any provision of the code of ethics prescribed under Clause (3a)
or on the ground” substituted for “misbehavior or” by Act A885, subparagraph 21(b)(ii), in force
from 24-06-1994.
e. The words “Clause (3b)” substituted for “Clause (3a)” by Act A1260, paragraph 5(a), in force
from 19-01-2006
Clause (4)
a. The words “appointed on the recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission,
being persons” which appeared after “not less than five persons” were deleted and the words
“Yang di-Pertuan Agong expedient to make such appointment” substituted for “Commissio n
expedient so to recommend” by Act 10/1960, paragraphs 16(a) and (b), in force from 31-05-
1960.
b. The words “and shall be presided over by the member first in the following order, namely,
the Lord President of the Federal Court, the Chief Justices according to their precedence among
themselves, and other members according to the order of their appointment to an office
qualifying them for membership (the older coming before the younger of two members with
appointments of the same date)” at the end substituted for “and shall be presided over by the
Chief Justice, if he is a member, and, in any other case, by the person first appointed to the said
office” by Act 26/1963, paragraph 22(2)(b), in force from 16-09-1963, which also inserted the
words “of the Federal Court or a High Court or have before Malaysia Day held office as judge”
which appear after the words “or have held office as judge”
9. Federal Constitution 222
Article Amending authority in force from
(4)The tribunal appointed under Clause (3) shall consist of not less than five persons who hold
or have held office as judge of the Federal Court, the Court of Appeal or a High Court, or, if it
appears to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong expedient to make such appointment, persons who hold
or have held equivalent office in any other part of the Commonwealth, and shall be presided
over by the member first in the following order, namely, the Chief Justice of the Federal Court,
the President and the Chief Judges according to their precedence among themselves, and other
members according to the order of their appointment to an office qualifying them for
membership (the older coming before the younger of two members with appointments of the
same date).
(5) Pending any reference and report under Clause (3) the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may on the
recommendation of the Prime Minister and, in the case of any other judge after consulting the
Chief Justice, suspend a judge of the Federal Court from the exercise of his functions.
(6) Parliament shall by law provide for the remuneration of the judges of the Federal Court, and
the remuneration so provided shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund. (6a) Subject to the
provisions of this Article, Parliament may by law provide for the terms of office of the judges
of the Federal Court other than their remuneration.
(7) The remuneration and other terms of office (including pension rights) of a judge of the
Federal Court shall not be altered to his disadvantage after his appointment.
(8) Notwithstanding Clause (1), the validity of anything done by a judge of the Federal Court
shall not be questioned on the ground that he had attained the age at which he was required to
retire.
(9) This Article shall apply to a judge of the Court of Appeal and to a judge of a High Court as
it applies to a judge of the Federal Court, except that the Yang di-Pertuan Agong before
suspending under Clause (5) a judge of the Court of Appeal or a judge of a High Court other
than the President of the Court of Appeal or the Chief Judge of a High Court shall consult the
President of the Court of Appeal or the Chief Judge of that High Court instead of the Chief
Justice of the Federal Court.
Power to punish for contempt 126.
The Federal Court, the Court of Appeal or a High Court shall have power to punish any contempt of
itself.
Restriction on Parliamentary discussion ofconduct ofjudge
127. The conduct of a judge of the FederalCourt, the Court of Appeal or a High Court shall not be
discussed in either House of Parliament except on a substantive motion of which notice has been given
by not less than one quarter of the total number of members of that House, and shall not be discussed in
the Legislative Assembly of any State.
10. Federal Constitution 223
Article Amending authority in force fromArt. 125—(cont.)
Provided that any such judge of a High Court who is so appointed shall continue to be a judge of such
High Court for the purpose only of giving judgment in any case tried by him prior to his appointment as
a judge of the Federal Court.”
b. Inserted by Act A885, paragraph 21(h), in force from 24-06-1994
. Clauses (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (6a), (7) & (8) The word “Federal” substituted for “Supreme”
by Act A885, section 21, in force from 24-06-1994.
1. The present Article was inserted by Act A354, section 28, in force from 16-09-1963.
2. The word “Supreme” substituted for “Federal” by Act A566, subsection 16(1), in force from
01-01-1985.
3. The words “Exercise of powers by judges” substituted for the shoulder note by Act A885,
paragraph 22(a), in force from 24-06-1994. 4. Paragraph (a) of Clause (1) was substituted by
Act A885, subparagraph 22(b)(i), in force from 24-06-1994. The original paragraph (a) read as
follows:
“(a) the Lord President of the Supreme Court and a judge of the Supreme Court may exercise
all or any of the powers of a judge of a High Court; and”.
5. Paragraph (aa) of Clause (1) was added by Act A885, subparagraph 22(b)(ii), in force from
24-06-1994.
6. In paragraph (b) of Clause (1), the words “Sabah and Sarawak” substituted for “Borneo” by
Act A885, subparagraph 22(b)(iii), in force from 24-06-1994.
Art. 126
1. The words “Federal Court or a High Court” substituted for “Supreme Court” by Act 26/1963,
subsection 22(4), in force from 16-09-1963.
2. The word “Supreme” substituted for “Federal” by Act A566, subsection 16(1), in force from 01-01-
1985.
3. The words “Power to punish for contempt” substituted for the shoulder note and the words “Federal
Court, the Court of Appeal” substituted for “Supreme Court” by Act A885, section 23, in force from 24-
06-1994.
11. Federal Constitution 224
Article Amending authority in force from
Jurisdiction ofFederal Court 128.
(1) The Federal Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have jurisdiction to determine
in accordance with any rules of court regulating the exercise of such jurisdiction—
(a) Any question whether a law made by Parliament or by the Legislature of a State is
invalid on the ground that it makes provision with respect to a matter with respect to
which Parliament or, as the case may be, the Legislature of the State has no power to
make laws.
(b) Disputes on any other question between States or between the Federation and any
State.
(2) Without prejudice to any appellate jurisdiction of the Federal Court, where in any
proceedings before another court a question arises as to the effect of any provision of this
Constitution, the Federal Court shall have jurisdiction (subject to any rules of court
regulating the exercise of that jurisdiction) to determine the question and remit the case
to the other court to be disposed of in accordance with the determination.
(3) The jurisdiction of the Federal Court to determine appeals from the Court of Appeal,
a High Court or a judge thereof shall be such as may be provided by federal law.
Advisory jurisdiction of Federal Court
130. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may refer to the Federal Court for its opinion any
question as to the effect of any provision of this Constitution which has arisen or appears
to him likely to arise, and the Federal Court shall pronounce in open court its opinion on
any question so referred to it.
131. (Repealed).
Provision for incapacity, etc., of Chief Justice, President or Chief Judge
131a. (1) Any provision made by federal law for the functions of the Chief Justice of the
Federal Court or the President of:
Art. 128
1. The present Article was substituted by Act 26/1963, section 14, in force from 16-09-1963,
and replaced the earlier Article which read as follows:
“128.
(1) The Supreme Court shall have such original, appellate and revisional jurisdiction as may be
provided by federal law.
(2) The Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have jurisdiction in any dispute
between States or between the Federation and any State.”.
12. Federal Constitution 225
Article Amending authority in force from
Art. 129
This Article was repealed by Act 26/1963, section 14, in force from 16-09-1963. It read
as follows:
“129. Without prejudice to any appellate or provisional jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court, where in any proceedings before another court a question arises as to the effect of
any provision of this Constitution, the Supreme Court may, on the application of either
party to the proceedings, determine that question and either dispose of the case or remit
it to the other court to be disposed of in accordance with the determination.”.
the Court of Appeal or the Chief Judge of a High Court to be performed, in the event of
a vacancy in the office or of his inability to act, by a judge of the Federal Court may
extend to his functions under this Constitution.
(2) Any provision made by federal law for the functions of the President of the Court of
Appeal or the Chief Judge of a High Court to be performed, in the event of a vacancy in
the office or of his inability to act, by another judge of the Court of Appeal or the High
Court, as the case may be, may extend to his functions under this Constitution other than
functions as judge of the Federal Court.
person who is a member of any of the services mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (f) and (h) of
Clause (1) holds office during the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and, except as expressly
provided by the Constitution of the State, every person who is a member of the public service of a State
holds office during the pleasure of the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri.
(3) The public service shall not be taken to comprise—
(a) The office of any member of the administration in the Federation or a State; or
(b) the office of President, Speaker, Deputy President, Deputy Speaker or member of either House of
Parliament or of the Legislative Assembly of a State; or
(c) The office of judge of the Federal Court, the Court of Appeal or a High Court; or
(d) The office of member of any Commission or Council established by this Constitution or any
corresponding Commission or Council established by the Constitution of a State; or
(e) Such diplomatic posts as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may by order prescribe, being posts which but
for the order would be posts in the general public service of the Federation
13. Federal Constitution 226
Article Amending authority in force from
Conclusion
For the purposes of Part III of this Constitution references to a person‘s father or to his parent, or to one
of his parents,are in relation to a person who is illegitimate to be construed as references to his mother,
and accordingly section 19 of this Schedule shall not apply to such a person. 18. In relation to an
adopted child whose adoption has been registered under any written law in force in the Federation,
including any such law in force before Merdeka Day, Clause (3) of Article 15 shall have effect as if for
the reference to his father there were substituted a reference to the adopter, and references in that Clause
and section 9 of this Part of this Schedule to his parent shall be construed accordingly. 19. Any reference
in Part III of this Constitution to the status or description of the father of a person at the time of that
person's birth shall, in relation to a person born after the death of his father, be construed as a reference
to the status or description of the father at the time of the father's death; and where that death occurred
before and the birth occurs on or after Merdeka Day,the status or description which would have been
applicable to the father had he died after Merdeka Day shall be deemed to be the status or description
applicable to him at the time of his death. This section shall have effect in relation to Malaysia Day as it
has effect in relation to Merdeka Day. 19a. For the purposes of Part I or II of this Schedule a person born
on board a registered ship or aircraft shall be deemed to have been born in the place in which the ship or
aircraft was registered, and a person born on board an unregistered ship or aircraft of the Government of
any country shall be deemed to have been born in that country