El documento describe dos experimentos químicos que demuestran la ley de conservación de la materia. En el primer experimento, se pesan los reactivos de bicarbonato de sodio y ácido acético antes y después de la reacción, mostrando que la suma de sus masas es igual a la masa del producto formado. En el segundo experimento, se usa una pastilla efervescente en agua dentro de un globo, y también se muestra que la suma de las masas de los reactivos es igual a la masa final después de la reacción. Ambos experiment
El documento describe dos experimentos químicos que demuestran la ley de conservación de la materia. En el primer experimento, se pesan los reactivos de bicarbonato de sodio y ácido acético antes y después de la reacción, mostrando que la suma de sus masas es igual a la masa del producto formado. En el segundo experimento, se usa una pastilla efervescente en agua dentro de un globo, y también se muestra que la suma de las masas de los reactivos es igual a la masa final después de la reacción. Ambos experiment
Week 5. Basics and clinical uses of MR spectroscopy.Dr. Jakab András
The document provides information about an upcoming course, including:
1. Upcoming lecture topics and dates, including MR Spectroscopy on October 30th.
2. Details about an upcoming final test on basic imaging techniques and spectroscopy.
3. Where to find study materials for the test, including lecture materials in PDF format.
This document provides information about an upcoming "Multimodal Imaging in Neurosciences" course, including:
1) Dates and topics for upcoming lectures, as well as details about a final test on basic imaging techniques.
2) An overview of various neuroimaging modalities like CT, MRI, PET, and their applications.
3) A brief history of the development of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology from the 1880s to present.
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The document summarizes key points about multimodal neuroimaging techniques, with a focus on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fiber tracking. It discusses how diffusion MRI can be used to measure and visualize water diffusion in the brain, which provides information about tissue microstructure and white matter pathways. Specifically, it describes diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and how it is used to quantify diffusion anisotropy and direction. The clinical and research applications of DTI and fiber tractography are also summarized, such as characterizing white matter integrity and disorders, assessing brain tumors, and mapping brain connectivity and development.
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This study developed a tool to generate individualized target maps of the thalamus for image-guided neurosurgery. Researchers aligned a 3D probabilistic atlas of the thalamus to patient MRI scans using statistical shape models, refined by diffusion tensor tractography data on corticothalamic connections. Comparison to conventional alignment methods showed the new technique provided superior matching accuracy of less than 1mm. Evaluation using post-mortem high-resolution MRI confirmed the spatial accuracy for identifying intrathalamic landmarks. The individualized thalamic maps incorporating structural and connectivity data have potential for direct image-guided targeting in neurosurgical procedures.
Week 5. Basics and clinical uses of MR spectroscopy.Dr. Jakab András
The document provides information about an upcoming course, including:
1. Upcoming lecture topics and dates, including MR Spectroscopy on October 30th.
2. Details about an upcoming final test on basic imaging techniques and spectroscopy.
3. Where to find study materials for the test, including lecture materials in PDF format.
This document provides information about an upcoming "Multimodal Imaging in Neurosciences" course, including:
1) Dates and topics for upcoming lectures, as well as details about a final test on basic imaging techniques.
2) An overview of various neuroimaging modalities like CT, MRI, PET, and their applications.
3) A brief history of the development of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology from the 1880s to present.
Week 3. Neurosurgical planning with multimodal imagingDr. Jakab András
The document discusses the use of multimodal imaging in neurosurgery. It describes how multimodal imaging can provide maximum information beyond just anatomical structures, including blood supply, function, and spatial visualization to help with surgical planning and navigation. It outlines some of the key indications for neurosurgery like tumors, arteriovenous malformations, epilepsy, and discusses how clinicians can utilize different imaging modalities like MRI, DTI, fMRI, and PET to obtain information on anatomy, vessels, eloquent tracts, function and laterality, tumor characterization and metabolism, and localization for stereotactic planning.
Week 2. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, tractography, mapping the brain...Dr. Jakab András
The document summarizes key points about multimodal neuroimaging techniques, with a focus on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fiber tracking. It discusses how diffusion MRI can be used to measure and visualize water diffusion in the brain, which provides information about tissue microstructure and white matter pathways. Specifically, it describes diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and how it is used to quantify diffusion anisotropy and direction. The clinical and research applications of DTI and fiber tractography are also summarized, such as characterizing white matter integrity and disorders, assessing brain tumors, and mapping brain connectivity and development.
Week 1. Basics of multimodal imaging and image processing. Functional magneti...Dr. Jakab András
This document discusses multimodal neuroimaging. It provides an introduction to combining multiple imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, PET, and EEG to gain complementary information. Key benefits of multimodal imaging include anatomical alignment of images and fusion of structural and functional data. Examples of hybrid imaging devices that facilitate multimodal approaches are PET-CT and PET-MRI scanners. The document also gives an overview of functional MRI techniques for mapping brain activity and networks involved in sensory, motor, cognitive and resting state functions.
A review of recent evidences for macroscopic reorganisation from in vivo imaging studies. This presentation focuses on the neuroplastic changes of white matter and the possible mechanisms behind this.
Charting the human thalamus - basic contepts and recent developmentsDr. Jakab András
This document summarizes a study on developing a probabilistic tractography and segmentation method to chart the human thalamus. The study used diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic tractography to visualize cortico-thalamic connections. It then developed a statistical shape model of the mean thalamus atlas incorporating these connectivity maps. The method was able to align the atlas to individual subjects' geometry with sub-millimeter accuracy, outperforming conventional alignment methods. This individualized target mapping method could help guide image-guided neurosurgery of the thalamus.
Connectivity-augmented Surgical Targeting: Individualization of a 3D Atlas of...Dr. Jakab András
This study developed a tool to generate individualized target maps of the thalamus for image-guided neurosurgery. Researchers aligned a 3D probabilistic atlas of the thalamus to patient MRI scans using statistical shape models, refined by diffusion tensor tractography data on corticothalamic connections. Comparison to conventional alignment methods showed the new technique provided superior matching accuracy of less than 1mm. Evaluation using post-mortem high-resolution MRI confirmed the spatial accuracy for identifying intrathalamic landmarks. The individualized thalamic maps incorporating structural and connectivity data have potential for direct image-guided targeting in neurosurgical procedures.
Fejezetek a keresztmetszeti anatómiából - 5. A hasüreg és zsigerek anatómiája
Fdt1
1. FDT - probabilisztikus traktográfia 1.
Cél: Adott régióból inditott probabilisztikus traktográfia, standard atlasz terében. A
standard atlaszhoz (MNI152 templát) történő regisztráció lineáris (FLIRT).
Traktográfia SEED és TARGET régió között.
1: a már feldolgozott, BedpostX-
bedpostX könyvtár útvonala
2: SEED maszk. Esetünkben a Harvard-
1 Oxford atlasz egy régiója.
3: A "seed space is not diffusion"
kapcsoló beállitásával standard térben
2 végzünk traktográfiát, nem a beteg
nativ terében. Ha csak ez van
3 bekapcsolva, lineáris transzformációt
kér.
4
4: Seed to diffúziós kép közötti
transzformációs mátrix kiválasztása
(.mat file, ami a FLIRT kimenete volt)
5: TARGET maszk megadása (itt:
waypoint)
5 A TARGET maszkok listán történő
megadása is lehetséges, egy egyszerü
text file szerkesztésével.
6: Traktográfia kimenő könyvtára.
Ebben a következők szerepelnek majd:
fdt_paths.nii.gz : a valószinüségi térkép
6 waypoints: a célba ért részecskék
száma, text file.
MÁSODIK OLDAL, OPTIONS
6: A traktográfia "pontossága": a
kibocsájtott virtuális részecskék száma
a seed maszk voxeleként.
Az alapérték 5000, ami a DTI-k átlagos
6 voxelméretéhez, 2x2x2 mm-hez van
kalkulálva. Amennyiben atlasz terében
dolgozunk, ennél kisebb érték
7 elégséges, pl. 1x1x1 mm esetén
500-1000 (1/8 térfogat).
7: loopcheck: a kibocsájtott tracer
részecskék nem juthatnak vissza a seed
maszkba.
8 8: Euler streamlining: pontosabb
útvonalkövetés (ld. fsl web)
9: Use Distance Correction.
Kvantitativ vizsgálatok esetén nem
9 bejelölendő. A probabilisztikus
traktográfia azon jelenségét védi ki, ami
során a seedtől való távolság
függvényében lecsökken a becsapódási
valószinüség.
EREDMÉNY, FDT_PATHS (SEED: thalamus)
