informatics

1. POLICIES,
GUIDELINES, AND
LAWS IN NI
Introduction.

2. FROM YOUR OWN
UNDERSTANDING, WHAT IS THE
MEANING OF:
- POLICIES?
- GUIDELINES?
- LAWS?

3. POLICIES:
These are the guidelines that determine
how the data is managed and
communicated, and how decisions are
made in health care.

4. GUIDELINES:
-Recommendations or best
practices based on evidence
or professional consensus.

5. LAWS:
-Legal rules and regulations that health
care institutions and professionals must
follow. Violating these laws can result in
legal consequences, including penalties or
lawsuits.

6. II.INTRODUCTION TO NURSING
INFORMATICS AND LEGAL
FRAMEWORKS

7. LEGAL FRAMEWORKS:
-A set of rules, laws, and regulations
that govern how people and organizations
interact with each other and with the
government. Legal frameworks are
created and enforced by the government.

8. WHY LF IS CRITICAL?
- Patient Privacy
Ensuring the security and
confidentiality of patient
health data.
- Data Protection

9. WHY LF IS CRITICAL?
- Data Protection
Safeguarding sensitive health
care information from misuse,
breaches, or unauthorized
access.

10. WHY LF IS CRITICAL?
- Ethical Consideration
Balancing patient care
improvements with respect
for individual rights and
freedoms.

11. III.KEY LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN
NURSING INFORMATICS

12. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability
and Accountability Act )
- Aims to ensure the privacy, confidentiality,
and security of health information while
allowing its necessary use in health care
practice.
- Enacted in 1996 to provide a national standard
for the protection of health information.

13. COVERED ENTITIES:
- Healthcare providers
- Health Plans
- Healthcare clearinghouses
- Business Associates

14. KEY COMPONENTS:
1. Privacy Rule
- Regulates the use and disclosure of
Protected Health Information (PHI),
specifying when and how patient
information can be shared.

15. KEY COMPONENTS:
2. Security Rule
- Establishes standards for securing
electronic PHI (ePHI), including
requirements for encryption, user
authentication, and physical security of
devices storing health information.

16. KEY COMPONENTS:
3. Breach Notification Rule
- Requires healthcare organizations to
notify affected individuals and the
Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS) when a data breach
occurs involving unsecured PHI.

17. KEY COMPONENTS:
4. Enforcement Rule
- Details the penalties for violating
HIPAA, including civil and criminal fines.

18. HITECH ACT (Health Information
Technology for Economic and Clinical
Health Act)
- Passed in 2009 as part of the
American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act (ARRA), was designed to promote
the adoption and meaningful use of
EHRs to improve patient care.

19. KEY COMPONENTS:
1. Meaningful Use
- Encourages healthcare providers to
adopt EHRs and use them in ways that
improve patient care.

20. KEY COMPONENTS:
2. Breaches and Security
- Strengthens the enforcement of
HIPAA regulations, particularly
around breach notifications and
penalties.

21. KEY COMPONENTS:
3. HITECH and Privacy
-The act requires healthcare
providers to demonstrate
compliance with HIPAA's privacy
and security rules.

22. GDPR (General Data Protection
Regulation)
- Effective in 2018, is a European
Union regulation designed to
protect personal data and privacy of
EU citizens.

23. Key Components:
1. Consent
- Requires explicit consent from
individuals before collecting or
processing their personal health
information.

24. Key Components:
2. Data Minimization
- Only the necessary data for the
intended purpose should be
collected.

25. Key Components:
3. Right to Access and Right to be
Forgotten
- Individuals can request access to
their data and demand that their
data be erased.

26. Key Components:
4. Data Protection Impact
Assessments (DPIAs)
- Organizations must assess the
impact of data processing activities
on privacy.

27. STATE-SPECIFIC LAWS AND
REGULATIONS
- State laws may vary, and health
care professionals must be aware of
additional legal requirements
specific to their state or region

28. IV.ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
NURSING INFORMATICS

29. A.Ethical Principles in Nursing
Informatics
1. Autonomy
- Patients’ right to control access to
their health data.

30. A.Ethical Principles in Nursing
Informatics
2.Beneficence
- The responsibility to use data in
ways that improve patient care and
outcomes.

31. A.Ethical Principles in Nursing
Informatics
3.Non-maleficence
- Ensuring that data and technology
use do not harm patients or violate
their privacy.

32. A.Ethical Principles in Nursing
Informatics
4.Justice
- Ensuring equitable access to
health care technologies for all
patients, including those in under-
served areas.

33. B.Balancing Patient Privacy with
Technology Use
How to ensure ethical use of health
data:
1.Understanding the legal
frameworks

34. B.Balancing Patient Privacy with
Technology Use
2.Educating and Training Staff on
Legal and Ethical Responsibilities
3.Data Encryption and Security
Safeguards

35. B.Balancing Patient Privacy with
Technology Use
4.Implementing Data Anonymization
and Pseudonymization
5.Implementing Role-Based Access
Controls (RBAC)

36. COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FF:
- HIPAA
- HITECH ACT
-GDPR(General Data Protection
Regulation)
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