about industrialization

1. FAMILY
AND
INDUSTRIALIZATION

2. MAJOR THEME
 Introduction.
 Structure
 The pre-industrial family.
 The industrial family.
 The post-modern family.
 Survey.

3. INTRODUCTION
 Sociology of the family.
 Definition – “an intimate domestic group
made up of people related to one another by
bonds of blood, sexual mating, or legal ties”.

4. INTRODUCTION
Functionalist perspective.
 Functions of the family for the maintenance of the
social system.
 Functional relationships like harmony and integration
between the family and the social system.
 Functions of the family for its individual members.

5. INTRODUCTION
Criticism.
 Alternative institutes.
 Social stratification.
 Too good to be true.

6. INTRODUCTION
Marxist perspective:
The family institution serves a useful purpose for
a particular social class i.e. capitalist class.
 Acts to control sexual behavior.
 Serves to reproduce labour power for Capitalism.
 Is a safety valve for people's frustrations.
 Channels and legitimates the exploitation of women.
 Provides a number of "free" services for Capitalists.
 Is a primary consumer of Capitalist products.
Feminist perspective.
A little sarcastic saying that family is gender biased (benefiting men)

7. STRUCTURE
1.Nuclear family.
2. Extended families.
- vertical extensions, horizontal extensions.
Social relationships:
 The nature of the relationships between men, women and
children within the family.
 The nature of the relationships between different
generations of family members.

8. THE PRE-INDUSTRIAL FAMILY;
Predominantly extended in its basic form because:
 labour-intensive agriculture.
 absence of any system of communications (roads and railways)
leading to no geographic mobility around the country. E.g. The
pre-industrial Britain was feudal in structure and hence the
majority of the population were landless labourers and were tied
by feudal bonds to particular feudal lords and could not move
around even if they had wanted to do so.
Kinship-based:
The kinship group was considered to be co-operative
economically as the family group had a clear economic function
(farming, craft-trades etc.). Members of the extended family
group shared not only a household but a common economic and
political position.

9. THE INDUSTRIAL FAMILY
Social change resulting in the basic family structure becoming
predominantly nuclear in form.
Reason - change from a form of production based on agriculture
to one based around factories.
Gradually broke the old extended kinship ties as:
 Demanding geographic mobility from the labour as people had to be
mobile in order to find work in the new industrial society.
 Creating social mobility as new opportunities arose for social mobility
(after the emergence of a capitalist form of economic production)
because of the various divisions of labour that were created by industrial
forms of production.
 Weakening kinship as the new industrial processes demanded efficiency
and the ability to take opportunities for social mobility as and when they
were presented.

10. THE INDUSTRIAL FAMILY
Once the process of industrialization and urbanization started
a
new process began in which some functions performed by the
pre-industrial family were now performed by other institutions.
Specialized institutions began to takeover such things like:
 Economic function.
Factories now perform this.
 Educational function.
Schools now perform this.
 Welfare function.
States took responsibility for this.

11. Parsons says
that
“the isolated
nuclear family
is the most
common form
in modern
industrial
society”

12. Isolated from the
extended family
and there is a
breakdown of
kinship.

13. To understand such a change two points are to be
taken in account:
*The concepts of Industrialization and Urbanization.
*The way in which societies have changed over the
past 200 - 300 years.

14. Industrialization: This is a process in which
machines are extensively applied to the production
process (mechanization), resulting in the
development of factory-based forms of economic
production. In turn, the process of industrialization
results in the development of the mass production of
consumer goods.

15. In simple words this involves the notion
that there is a population migration away
from small-scale, agricultural,
settlements to larger-scale communities
based upon towns and cities. This is
sometimes characterized as a social
migration from the countryside to the
towns (which themselves started to arise
as industrialization gathered pace with
the establishment of factories).

16. INDUSTRIALIZATION

17. -Development of factories.
-People forced out of countryside
-Kinship network for survival
-Child labour
-High death rate, sickness, unemployment prevails
-Family system based on kinship very important.

20. During the industrialization the middle classes used
to be in nuclear family structure. The main reason for
this was the importance of education for male
children who could earn for the family. Due to
pressure of the cost of this education the middle
class families were relatively smaller in size in
comparison with working classes. The managers of
the new industrial enterprises used to emerge from
these classes resulting in high geographically mobility
which further weakens the kinship relationship
among these classes.

22. Typical extended middle-class U.S. family from Indiana of Danish/German extraction. The woman in the
lavender print dress is the 87-year-old great grandmother; her daughter, a 67-year-old grandmother, is next to
her. They are surrounded by the third and fourth generations, in colors by family. The man and woman in black
on the far right are the 66-year-old grandfather and second wife.

23. Five generations of women. Starting from the
youngest anticlockwise and increasing age. Example
of ‘Joint Family’

24. SURVEY
We have made a survey in IIT
campus and nearby villages
and talked to 10 families to
find out the changes which
took place in the structure of
families due to
INDUSTRIALIZATION.

25. FAMILY NO. 1
1.Family consisting of four members.
2.Given proper higher education to both the children.
3.Both got job one working in IBM in US and other in Tata
Steels in Bangalore.
4.Both children lived so far that they could not celebrate
many big festival such as Diwali also with there parents.
5.Elder married according to parents will and the youngest
married against the family will after falling in love .
Thus this showed that due to INDUSTRIALIZATION family
get broken and children now wish to do things on there
own.

26. FAMILY NO. 2
1.We have talked to a worker working in mess.
2.He is from a village and his family consisted of
three sisters ,two brothers and parents.
3.His father is a blacksmith .
4.Tradition of spending lots of money in
marriage.
5.For the marriage of eldest sister father have
lent the ancestral property to moneylender.
6.He and his brother came here working in mess
to save some money to get the property back.
Circumstances also cause of breakdown of
families.

27. FAMILY NO. 3
1.Family consisted of three brothers one sister and
parents.
2.Average education given to all the children.
3.The three brothers worked on small wages.
4.Eldest decided to open a cloth business and due
to his ability the business was a success.
5.Wanted more responsible people for controlling
and growth of business.
6.All three started working in same business.
Thus a family was saved from getting breakdown
due to INDUSTRIALIZATION.

28. CONCLUSION FROM SURVEY
1.INDUSTRIALIZATION caused
breakdown of many families due to
invention of machines.
2.INDUSTRIALIZATION had caused
growth and development of
families,societies,country and the world.
3.INDUSTRIALIZATION not always
causes breakdown of family but also
sometimes increases the bonds between
the family members.

29. THANK YOU

30. QUESTIONS!!