Fairy tales are traditional stories that originated from oral storytelling and explore universal human experiences like problems, fears, and hopes. They typically involve magical elements and characters, settings, good versus evil themes, and lessons. Some popular classic fairy tales include Little Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty, Jack and the Beanstalk, Snow White, and The Frog Prince. The document also discusses fractured fairy tales, which are modernized versions that change one or more traditional elements of the story. It provides descriptions of various fractured fairy tale books.