From this ppt , we can conclude that : Pharmaceutical extraction yields with carvacrol (terpenoids) of 94.16% and thymol+ dodecanoic acid (eutectic solvent) of 96.86% were obtained . By using liquid –liquid extraction technology to extract drugs from hospital wastewater with terpenoids and eutectic solvents has been studied . Regeneration and reuse of both solvents were studied where carvacrol showing high stability and regenerability . A countercurrent extraction column at room temperature with carvacrol as solvent used to completely remove of drugs from hospital wastewater .

1. Seminar on
Extraction of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater with
Eutectic solvents and terpenoids
Presented by : SANKET CHAFLE
Guided by : Dr. A. WAHEED DESHMUKH SIR
Department of Chemical Engineering
2022-2023
PRIYADARSHINI COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING , NAGPUR
1

2. Contents :
 INTRODUCTION
 Macroscopic characterization of hospital wastewater
 METHOD
 CHEMICALS
 Liquid-liquid extraction processes
 Comparison between terpenoids , eutectic solvent and conventional solvent
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
2

3. INTRODUCTION
 The presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater mainly found in hospital wastewater.
 It is serious environmental concern , as they are not removed by conventional processes in
wastewater treatment plants and they are directly discharged into the natural environment .
 Hospital wastewater contain pharmaceuticals , viruses and antibiotic resistant microorganisms .
 The release of direct pharmaceutical into environment can cause risks to human heath and aquatic
environment .
 The conventional water treatment processes are not adapted specific treatments for hospital
wastewater.
3

4. Introduction
EFFLUENTS OF
PHARMACEUTICAL FROM
HOSPITAL
DRUG
TREATMENT
SECTION
RADIOLOGY SECTION
CHEMICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL LABS
SURGERY SECTION
Fig .1
4

5. Macroscopic characterization of hospital wastewater :
Parameters Value
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 332
Total Organic Carbon (mg/L) 111
TOC/COD ratio 0.33
Total Nitrogen (mg/L) 90.1
Conductivity (µS/cm) 2360
Table no. 1
5

6. METHOD
 Numerous techniques are currently being studied to eliminate pharmaceuticals from
wastewater are as follows :
 Improved biological processes .
 Oxidation processes .
 Photocatalysis processes .
 Membrane processes .
 On the other hand , liquid –liquid extraction is widely used operation in pharmaceuticals
industry to separate pharmaceuticals .
 The major problem with this technique is using some hazardous conventional solvents
which are toxic , dangerous and environmentally unfriendly .
6

7. CHEMICALS
 So, overcome this problem , extraction of drugs from wastewater by using natural , renewable and
non-toxic solvents such as terpenoids and terpenoid based eutectic solvents .
Terpenoids :
1)The terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring
organic chemicals derived from the 5-carbon compound isoprene, and the isoprene polymers called
terpenes.
2)While sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids contain additional functional
groups, usually containing oxygen.
3)Terpenoids are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, representing about 60% of known
natural products. Many terpenoids have substantial pharmacological bioactivity and are therefore of
interest to medicinal chemists .
7

8. CHEMICALS :
 Eutectic solvents : Eutectic solvents are two or more chemicals with a same melting point caused by
hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydrogen bond acceptor and donor .
 In removal of drugs from wastewater following chemicals are used :
 Terpenoids : thymol and carvacrol .
 Eutectic solvents: thymol + octanoic acid ( C8OOH) , thymol + decanoic acid ( C10OOH) .
 Drugs : diclofenac , ibuprofen and naproxen .
8

9. Liquid-liquid extraction processes:
 In this processes , drugs have hydrogen bond acceptor group and solvents
have hydrogen bond donor group .
 Then there is interaction between drugs and solvents and formation of
phase separation take place
 Upper layer known as extract which contain more solute of drugs .
 And lower layer known as raffinate which contain solvents of terpenoids
or eutectic solvents.
Fig. 2
9

10. Comparison between terpenoids , eutectic
solvent and conventional solvent :
Carvacrol thymol+C8OOH thymol+C10OOH Ethyl acetae
7.75 80 92 92 75
6.65 87 93.5 95 65
4 90 93 93.5 63
80
92 92
75
87
93.5 95
65
90 93 93.5
63
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
YlD(%)
SOLVENTS
Chart Title
7.75 6.65 4
Chart no. 1
10

11. CONCLUSION :
 From this seminar , we can conclude that :
 Pharmaceutical extraction yields with carvacrol (terpenoids) of 94.16% and thymol+ dodecanoic acid
(eutectic solvent) of 96.86% were obtained .
 By using liquid –liquid extraction technology to extract drugs from hospital wastewater with terpenoids and
eutectic solvents has been studied .
 Regeneration and reuse of both solvents were studied where carvacrol showing high stability and
regenerability .
 A countercurrent extraction column at room temperature with carvacrol as solvent used to completely
remove of drugs from hospital wastewater .
11

12. REFERENCES:
[1] K. Kümmerer, The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use - present
knowledge and future challenges, J. Environ. Manage. 90 (2009) .
[2]. A.S. Adeleye, J. Xue, Y. Zhao, A.A. Taylor, J.E. Zenobio, Y. Sun, Z. Han, O. A. Salawu, Y. Zhu,
Abundance, fate, and effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments,
J. Hazard. Mater. 424 (2022)
[3.] A. Majumder, A.K. Gupta, P.S. Ghosal, M. Varma, A review on hospital wastewater treatment: A
special emphasis on occurrence and removal of pharmaceutically active compounds, resistant
microorganisms, and SARS-CoV-2, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 9 (2021).
[4]. S. Hena, L. Gutierrez, J.-P. Crou´e, Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products
(PPCPs) from wastewater using microalgae: A review, J. Hazard. Mater. 403 (2021).
[5]. K. Sundmark, B. Florian, C. Kragelund, K. Bester, H.R. Andersen, Removal of pharmaceuticals,
toxicity and natural fluorescence through the ozonation of biologically-treated hospital wastewater,
with further polishing via a suspended biofilm, Chem. Eng. J. 359 (2019) .
[6]. F.A. e Silva, M. Caban, M. Kholany, P. Stepnowski, J.A.P. Coutinho, S.P. M. Ventura, Recovery of
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Wastes Using Ionic-Liquid-Based Three-Phase
Partitioning Systems, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 6 (2018) .
12

13. REFERENCES:
[7]. C. Florindo, F. Lima, L.C. Branco, I.M. Marrucho, Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents: A
Circular Approach to Purify Water Contaminated with Ciprofloxacin, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.
7 (2019) .
[8.] F. Bergua, M. Castro, J. Mu˜noz-Embid, C. Lafuente, M. Artal, Hydrophobic eutectic solvents:
Thermophysical study and application in removal of pharmaceutical products from water, Chem.
Eng. J. 411 (2021).
[9.] A.G. Pekel, E. Kurtulbas¸, ˙I. Toprakçı, S. S¸ahin, Menthol-based deep eutectic solvent for
the separation of carbamazepine: reactive liquid-liquid extraction, Biomass Convers. Biorefin. 12
(2022)
[10.] K.H. Hama Aziz, H. Miessner, S. Mueller, D. Kalass, D. Moeller, I. Khorshid, M.A. M.
Rashid, Degradation of pharmaceutical diclofenac and ibuprofen in aqueous solution, a direct
comparison of ozonation, photocatalysis, and non-thermal plasma, Chem. Eng. J. 313 (2017)
[11]. Y. Liu, J.B. Friesen, J.B. McAlpine, D.C. Lankin, S.N. Chen, G.F. Pauli, Natural Deep
Eutectic Solvents: Properties, Applications, and Perspectives, J. Nat. Prod. 81 (2018)
[12]. M.B. Haider, M. Dwivedi, D. Jha, R. Kumar, B. Marriyappan Sivagnanam, Azeotropic
separation of isopropanol-water using natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents, J. Environ.
Chem. Eng. 9 (2021),
13

14. THANK YOU !
14