This document provides information about an experiment to determine different types of fluid flow through the use of Reynolds number. The objectives are to study different types of flow and determine the Reynolds number. The experimental setup involves a glass tube with a bell mouth entrance connected to a constant head tank. By measuring flow rate and observing dye movement, the flow pattern (laminar, transition, or turbulent) can be identified for different Reynolds numbers. Key aspects of the experiment including theory, equipment description, procedures, learning outcomes, and references are outlined in the document.

1. DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Determination of Types of flow
Course: Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic
Machines Lab
Course Code: (AEY-312)
Prepared By: Er. BALWANT Singh
Department: AUTOMOBILE
Engineering

2. 2
Course Objectives
• To acquire the knowledge of fluid mechanics fundamentals and
determination of fluid properties and characteristics
• To analyze the performance characteristics of different hydraulic turbines
such as Pelton, Francis and Kaplan
• To evaluate the performance characteristics of pumps and hydraulic
devices such as centrifugal pump, reciprocation pump and Hydraulic ram

3. 3
Course Outcomes
• On the successful completion of this course the student will be able to
Determine the Metacentric height of a floating vessel so as to find the stable
conditions of floating Bodies, coefficient of discharge of venturimeter and Orifice
meter.
Measure the Coefficient of velocity, discharge, verify the Bernoulli’s theorem
and further evaluate the major and minor losses in pipe flow.
Understand apply and analyze the working principle and performance
characteristics of turbo machine such as impulse and reaction turbines
Familiarize with the constructional features, working principle and performance
characteristics of centrifugal pumps, Reciprocating pump and Hydraulic ram

4. Introduction to Reynolds Number

5. Reynolds Experiment

6. Experimental Setup

7. 1
1: OBJECTIVE: To study different types of flow.
2: AIM: To determine the Reynold’s Number.
3: INTRODUCTION: From an engineering viewpoint, many variables that affect velocity profile
cannot be evaluated for all possible flow meters and for all pipe conditions. For this reason,
steady flow and a fully developed flow profile as defined by a newtonian, homogeneous fluid,
are initially assumed. Co-efficient variation can then be predicted with the dimensionless
reynolds number. This number has been found to be an acceptable correlating parameter that
combine the effects of viscosity, density and pipeline velocity.
4: THEORY: In Reynolds experiments, the ratio of inertia to viscous forces was observed to be
dimensionless and related to viscosity, average pipeline velocity, and geometrically similar
boundary conditions. For a homogeneous newtonian fluid, this dimensionless ratio is Re is
expressed as:

8. 1

9. 1
5: DESCRIPTION:
• The apparatus consists of sump tank with centrifugal pump, a glass tube with one end having
bell mouth entrance connected to a constant head tank. At the other end of the glass tube a
valve is provided to regulate flow. Flow rate of water can be measured with the help of
measuring cylinder and stop watch, supplied with the set-up. A needle is introduced centrally in
the bell mouth. Dye is fed to the needle from a small container, placed at the top of constant
head tank, through polythene tubing.
• 6 : UTILITIES REQUIRED: Electricity Supply: Single Phase 220 V AC, 50Hz, 5-15 Amp.
combined socket with earth connection.
• Water Supply (Initial Fill).
• Floor Drain Required
• Floor Area Required: 1.5 m x 0.75 m
• Chemical Required: Dye (KMnO4) - 10 gm

10. 1
7: EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
• STARTING PROCEDURE:
• Close all the valves V1 to V5.
• Fill sump tank 3/4 with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles are there.
• Prepare dye solution (KMnO4 in water) in a beaker. Put this solution in Dye vessel after
ensuring that there are no solid particles in solution.
• Open by pass valve V2.
• Ensure that On/Off switch given on the panel is at OFF position.
• Switch ON the main power supply and then switch on the pump
• Open control valve V1 for water supply to constant head tank, partially close by pass valve V2
and wait till overflow occurs.
• Regulate minimum flow of water through glass tube by partial opening of control valve V3
provided at the end of tube.
• Then adjust the flow of dye through needle by knob, so that a fine colour thread is observed.
Note the flow pattern observed (laminar, transition or turbulent).Measure flow Rate using
measuring cylinder and stop watch.
• Repeat the experiment for different flow rate
• CLOSING PROCEDURE:
• Switch off pump.
• Switch off power supply to panel.
• Drain the apparatus completely by drain valves V4 & V5.

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13. FAQ
• What are different types of flow
• How Reynolds number is effective to identify type of flow.
• Parameters of Reynolds experiments
• Critical Reynolds number in the flow

14. Learning Outcomes
• Free and forced vortex flow
• Examples of forced vortex flow
• Importance of forced vortex flow
• Why vortex if formed.
• Forces responsible to form the vortex.
• Percentage of error in actual and calculated flow parameters.

15. REFERENCES
• White, F.M., Viscous fluid flow, McGraw Hill, New York(2006).
• 2Wright, T., Fluid Machinery, CRC Press, USA(2009).
• Rattan, S.S, Fluid Machines and Hydraulic Machines, Khanna Publishers,
New Delhi(2004

16. THANK YOU