The document summarizes a presentation on assessing the pervasive usability of Web 2.0 sites. It discusses how usage patterns have shifted from static websites to more dynamic user-generated content sites. It presents data on the most popular online activities and uses a grey relational analysis to evaluate the usability of different types of websites like blogs, bookmarks, chat, music, etc. It emphasizes an integrated and process-oriented approach to usability and provides examples of accessibility, readability and other usability factors across different sites. Contact information is provided for further discussion.
fall meeting sept 18-21, 2007 version 2Philip Young
- The document presents a new theory called Circles of Prominence which proposes that ideal ratios between certain facial features determine facial beauty.
- Previous theories focused on external landmarks but this theory is based on what observers find important. Ratios studied were between the iris, nasal tip, lower lip, and mentum.
- A study presented images to patients with different ratios and found images with a 3:3:3 ratio between features were ranked as most attractive on average.
- Statistical analysis confirmed the 3:3:3 ratio image was preferred to a significant degree over other ratios, providing evidence that Circles of Prominence may successfully define elements of facial beauty.
04 sri lanka tracer study and impact assessment synthesisimecommunity
The document reports on a tracer study and impact assessment of the Know About Business (KAB) entrepreneurship education program in Sri Lanka. It found that KAB improved students' knowledge of business and attitudes towards entrepreneurship. Students found practical modules on organizing an enterprise most useful. The study recommends providing more practical training, field trips, and connections to real businesses to strengthen the program.
Regional winners are congratulated in various construction and automotive-related skill-based competitions sponsored by Delmar Course Technology South-Western. The document lists the names of regional winners in different regions and the contests sponsored in areas like construction, electricity, automotive services, collision repair, and multimedia design. It encourages moving beyond the classroom to build careers and engage students to prepare them for life.
The document discusses using Git in Visual Studio 2013. It begins with an agenda that covers basic Git terms and how to use Git in Visual Studio 2013. It then defines various Git terms like clone, fork, commit, pull, push, branch, checkout, merge, and remote. It concludes by outlining the basic process of creating a remote repository, making a project in Visual Studio, adding it to source control, committing changes, and pushing commits to the remote repository.
This document outlines a marketing plan for a produce stall including prototyping a logo, website layout, and promotional materials like posters and stickers by February 15th. The final marketing materials will include designing the stall layout with boxes and produce, paper and fabric bags with tags, promotional posters, and a website with layout, literature, images and charities. Stickers will also be placed on fruits to promote the stall and its causes.
This document outlines a marketing plan with three key dates - 15th Feb, 22nd Feb, and 1st Mar. It includes setting up a stall, producing bags and tags, and promotional stickers to distribute. A website launch is also scheduled for an unspecified date.
Mary receives two phone calls while relaxing at home. The first is from a scammer claiming to be from Microsoft security about a virus on her computer, but Mary does not own a computer. The second call is from a politician running for reelection who makes promises to constituents, but Mary fact-checks his voting record online and calls out inconsistencies. She also critically analyzes a magazine advertisement claiming high customer satisfaction based on a small sample size. The narrator concludes people need to think critically to distinguish true information from scams, advertising, and politician's claims.
The document summarizes a presentation on assessing the pervasive usability of Web 2.0 sites. It discusses how usage patterns have shifted from static websites to more dynamic user-generated content sites. It presents data on the most popular online activities and uses a grey relational analysis to evaluate the usability of different types of websites like blogs, bookmarks, chat, music, etc. It emphasizes an integrated and process-oriented approach to usability and provides examples of accessibility, readability and other usability factors across different sites. Contact information is provided for further discussion.
fall meeting sept 18-21, 2007 version 2Philip Young
- The document presents a new theory called Circles of Prominence which proposes that ideal ratios between certain facial features determine facial beauty.
- Previous theories focused on external landmarks but this theory is based on what observers find important. Ratios studied were between the iris, nasal tip, lower lip, and mentum.
- A study presented images to patients with different ratios and found images with a 3:3:3 ratio between features were ranked as most attractive on average.
- Statistical analysis confirmed the 3:3:3 ratio image was preferred to a significant degree over other ratios, providing evidence that Circles of Prominence may successfully define elements of facial beauty.
04 sri lanka tracer study and impact assessment synthesisimecommunity
The document reports on a tracer study and impact assessment of the Know About Business (KAB) entrepreneurship education program in Sri Lanka. It found that KAB improved students' knowledge of business and attitudes towards entrepreneurship. Students found practical modules on organizing an enterprise most useful. The study recommends providing more practical training, field trips, and connections to real businesses to strengthen the program.
Regional winners are congratulated in various construction and automotive-related skill-based competitions sponsored by Delmar Course Technology South-Western. The document lists the names of regional winners in different regions and the contests sponsored in areas like construction, electricity, automotive services, collision repair, and multimedia design. It encourages moving beyond the classroom to build careers and engage students to prepare them for life.
The document discusses using Git in Visual Studio 2013. It begins with an agenda that covers basic Git terms and how to use Git in Visual Studio 2013. It then defines various Git terms like clone, fork, commit, pull, push, branch, checkout, merge, and remote. It concludes by outlining the basic process of creating a remote repository, making a project in Visual Studio, adding it to source control, committing changes, and pushing commits to the remote repository.
This document outlines a marketing plan for a produce stall including prototyping a logo, website layout, and promotional materials like posters and stickers by February 15th. The final marketing materials will include designing the stall layout with boxes and produce, paper and fabric bags with tags, promotional posters, and a website with layout, literature, images and charities. Stickers will also be placed on fruits to promote the stall and its causes.
This document outlines a marketing plan with three key dates - 15th Feb, 22nd Feb, and 1st Mar. It includes setting up a stall, producing bags and tags, and promotional stickers to distribute. A website launch is also scheduled for an unspecified date.
Mary receives two phone calls while relaxing at home. The first is from a scammer claiming to be from Microsoft security about a virus on her computer, but Mary does not own a computer. The second call is from a politician running for reelection who makes promises to constituents, but Mary fact-checks his voting record online and calls out inconsistencies. She also critically analyzes a magazine advertisement claiming high customer satisfaction based on a small sample size. The narrator concludes people need to think critically to distinguish true information from scams, advertising, and politician's claims.
The document discusses the production and technical aspects of a proposed steel factory. It describes the factory's location near raw material sources, markets, and infrastructure. It outlines the production process, including heating, milling, forming, and cooling steel billets. It also details the required facilities, machinery, utilities, human resources, and implementation plan for the factory to begin production in 1996.
Large organisations large intranets: where to start a redevelopment projectTamsin Stanford
The document discusses how to get started with improving large organization intranets. It recommends:
1. Ensuring executive support by understanding their strategic goals and showing how an intranet can help achieve them, such as increasing frontline staff mobility or reducing call volumes.
2. Building an unofficial "project team" by tapping knowledgeable people in the organization who others go to for advice.
3. Starting with small, high impact changes to demonstrate success, rather than trying to overhaul the entire intranet at once, which can be done even without dedicated funding or staff.
The Expand Your Business (EYB) programme provides integrated business training and support to small and medium enterprises with growth potential. The programme aims to develop strategic growth plans and strengthen business functions to support expansion. It includes modules on business vision, growth potential, strategies, and action planning. Participants receive assistance through simulations, software, mentoring, and connections to financing. The programme has been implemented in several countries, with evaluations finding most businesses increased sales, profits, and jobs after training.
01 young entrepreneur survey ilo east - executive summaryimecommunity
This document provides a summary of a survey conducted among young entrepreneurs in four Indonesian provinces. The key findings are:
1. The majority of young entrepreneurs are self-employed or run micro-businesses, starting their businesses with help from family. They employ few people on average and have limited potential for employment growth.
2. Young entrepreneurs face challenges with access to markets, inputs and financing. Awareness and use of business services is low. Regulatory issues like security and infrastructure problems like electricity supply also hinder their businesses.
3. A regional competitiveness ranking showed the city of Makassar as highest performing, followed by Surabaya and Kupang. The district of Barru faced
This document provides a summary of a training package and resource kit on gender and entrepreneurship titled "GET Ahead for Women in Enterprise". It was published by the International Labour Office in 2004 and is available in English, Chinese, Khmer, Laotian, and Vietnamese. The document outlines the contents of the training, which includes modules on basics of gender and entrepreneurship, the businesswoman and her environment, the business project, and people, organization, and management. It provides exercises for each module to help teach the material. The goal is to provide training and resources to support women in starting and growing successful businesses.
Facial beauty, ideal dimensions of the eyes, nose, mouth, dallas fall mtg 2015Philip Young
The document summarizes a study that examined how facial features relate to the ideal dimensions of the iris. It studied 176 surveys that looked at the positioning of ears, width of lips, height and positioning of nose. The study found that facial features closest to 1 iris width in size were considered most attractive, while features exceeding 1 iris width began to be measured using other facial landmarks. Overall, the study supports the theory that an organized and simple relationship between facial features centered around the iris contributes to perceptions of beauty.
This document outlines a project to create soups and smoothies from "ugly" fruits and vegetables that would otherwise go to waste due to supermarkets' strict cosmetic standards. It estimates that 20-40% of UK produce and over half of all global food is lost this way. The project aims to make soups and smoothies from these foods for a Green Week event using recyclable packaging, with supporting documentary footage. It provides example recipes and lists next steps like testing recipes, packaging, and contacting organizations for advice. The overall goal is to inform consumers about food waste and encourage buying "ugly" produce to pressure supermarkets into stocking them.
1. The Gorilla ICT Division provides outsourced channel sales and marketing services for leading technology companies.
2. It is led by an experienced executive team with decades of experience in channel sales and programs.
3. The division aims to generate incremental growth for technology clients through demand generation, field sales, channel strategy management and other outsourced services.
Sri lanka tracer study and impact assessment synthesisimecommunity
The document reports on a tracer study and impact assessment of the Know About Business (KAB) entrepreneurship education program in Sri Lanka. It found that KAB improved students' knowledge of business and attitudes towards entrepreneurship. Students found practical modules on organizing an enterprise most useful. The study recommends providing more practical training, field trips, and connections to real businesses to strengthen the program.
PT XYZ merencanakan membangun gedung kantor baru dan membuka lahan perkebunan bunga potong. Rencana kantor baru terletak di Jakarta dengan biaya total Rp4,075 juta yang akan dibayar secara bertahap selama 1 tahun. Untuk perkebunan bunga potong di Cipanas membutuhkan biaya Rp342 juta untuk sarana seperti lahan, bangunan, dan peralatan.
Dokumen tersebut berisi proyeksi keuangan untuk proyek pembangunan gedung perkantoran selama 20 tahun mendatang. Terdapat rencana belanja modal untuk pengadaan lahan, konstruksi gedung, peralatan, biaya pra-operasi, dan biaya selama masa konstruksi. Proyeksi keuangan mencakup neraca, arus kas, laba rugi, dan rasio keuangan untuk mengevaluasi kelayakan investasi proyek.
The document contains financial projections for a hotel project over a 20 year period. It includes projected balance sheets, cash flow statements, profit and loss statements and assumptions. Key details include total project cost of $15.3 million, 70% financing through loans at 8% interest, projected occupancy rates starting at 35% and increasing to 60%, and projected revenues, expenses, profits and cash flows.
The document discusses the production and technical aspects of a proposed steel factory. It describes the factory's location near raw material sources, markets, and infrastructure. It outlines the production process, including heating, milling, forming, and cooling steel billets. It also details the required facilities, machinery, utilities, human resources, and implementation plan for the factory to begin production in 1996.
Large organisations large intranets: where to start a redevelopment projectTamsin Stanford
The document discusses how to get started with improving large organization intranets. It recommends:
1. Ensuring executive support by understanding their strategic goals and showing how an intranet can help achieve them, such as increasing frontline staff mobility or reducing call volumes.
2. Building an unofficial "project team" by tapping knowledgeable people in the organization who others go to for advice.
3. Starting with small, high impact changes to demonstrate success, rather than trying to overhaul the entire intranet at once, which can be done even without dedicated funding or staff.
The Expand Your Business (EYB) programme provides integrated business training and support to small and medium enterprises with growth potential. The programme aims to develop strategic growth plans and strengthen business functions to support expansion. It includes modules on business vision, growth potential, strategies, and action planning. Participants receive assistance through simulations, software, mentoring, and connections to financing. The programme has been implemented in several countries, with evaluations finding most businesses increased sales, profits, and jobs after training.
01 young entrepreneur survey ilo east - executive summaryimecommunity
This document provides a summary of a survey conducted among young entrepreneurs in four Indonesian provinces. The key findings are:
1. The majority of young entrepreneurs are self-employed or run micro-businesses, starting their businesses with help from family. They employ few people on average and have limited potential for employment growth.
2. Young entrepreneurs face challenges with access to markets, inputs and financing. Awareness and use of business services is low. Regulatory issues like security and infrastructure problems like electricity supply also hinder their businesses.
3. A regional competitiveness ranking showed the city of Makassar as highest performing, followed by Surabaya and Kupang. The district of Barru faced
This document provides a summary of a training package and resource kit on gender and entrepreneurship titled "GET Ahead for Women in Enterprise". It was published by the International Labour Office in 2004 and is available in English, Chinese, Khmer, Laotian, and Vietnamese. The document outlines the contents of the training, which includes modules on basics of gender and entrepreneurship, the businesswoman and her environment, the business project, and people, organization, and management. It provides exercises for each module to help teach the material. The goal is to provide training and resources to support women in starting and growing successful businesses.
Facial beauty, ideal dimensions of the eyes, nose, mouth, dallas fall mtg 2015Philip Young
The document summarizes a study that examined how facial features relate to the ideal dimensions of the iris. It studied 176 surveys that looked at the positioning of ears, width of lips, height and positioning of nose. The study found that facial features closest to 1 iris width in size were considered most attractive, while features exceeding 1 iris width began to be measured using other facial landmarks. Overall, the study supports the theory that an organized and simple relationship between facial features centered around the iris contributes to perceptions of beauty.
This document outlines a project to create soups and smoothies from "ugly" fruits and vegetables that would otherwise go to waste due to supermarkets' strict cosmetic standards. It estimates that 20-40% of UK produce and over half of all global food is lost this way. The project aims to make soups and smoothies from these foods for a Green Week event using recyclable packaging, with supporting documentary footage. It provides example recipes and lists next steps like testing recipes, packaging, and contacting organizations for advice. The overall goal is to inform consumers about food waste and encourage buying "ugly" produce to pressure supermarkets into stocking them.
1. The Gorilla ICT Division provides outsourced channel sales and marketing services for leading technology companies.
2. It is led by an experienced executive team with decades of experience in channel sales and programs.
3. The division aims to generate incremental growth for technology clients through demand generation, field sales, channel strategy management and other outsourced services.
Sri lanka tracer study and impact assessment synthesisimecommunity
The document reports on a tracer study and impact assessment of the Know About Business (KAB) entrepreneurship education program in Sri Lanka. It found that KAB improved students' knowledge of business and attitudes towards entrepreneurship. Students found practical modules on organizing an enterprise most useful. The study recommends providing more practical training, field trips, and connections to real businesses to strengthen the program.
PT XYZ merencanakan membangun gedung kantor baru dan membuka lahan perkebunan bunga potong. Rencana kantor baru terletak di Jakarta dengan biaya total Rp4,075 juta yang akan dibayar secara bertahap selama 1 tahun. Untuk perkebunan bunga potong di Cipanas membutuhkan biaya Rp342 juta untuk sarana seperti lahan, bangunan, dan peralatan.
Dokumen tersebut berisi proyeksi keuangan untuk proyek pembangunan gedung perkantoran selama 20 tahun mendatang. Terdapat rencana belanja modal untuk pengadaan lahan, konstruksi gedung, peralatan, biaya pra-operasi, dan biaya selama masa konstruksi. Proyeksi keuangan mencakup neraca, arus kas, laba rugi, dan rasio keuangan untuk mengevaluasi kelayakan investasi proyek.
The document contains financial projections for a hotel project over a 20 year period. It includes projected balance sheets, cash flow statements, profit and loss statements and assumptions. Key details include total project cost of $15.3 million, 70% financing through loans at 8% interest, projected occupancy rates starting at 35% and increasing to 60%, and projected revenues, expenses, profits and cash flows.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan contoh proyeksi keuangan untuk proposal studi kelayakan bisnis perhotelan menggunakan microsoft excel, serta menjelaskan beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pembuatan proposal seperti segmentasi wisatawan, kelas hotel bintang 3 mendekati 4, sumber data permintaan/supply, data operasional, dan data biaya pembangunan.
This document presents a business feasibility study for establishing Besi Profil Baru Ltd, a steel production company in Indonesia. It includes details on company ownership and capitalization, the steel market and demand projections in Indonesia, proposed production levels, required facilities and equipment, management and organizational structure, and projected financials. The key points are that steel consumption in Indonesia is growing at an estimated 6.5% annually, the company plans to produce 43,000-56,400 tons of steel per year, and financial projections estimate the company will be profitable and generate positive cash flows and returns on investment.
Besi Profil Baru Ltd. is a steel supplier company that wants to establish an iron factory to meet increasing demand and address slow order deliveries. The company is owned by M. Dicky Harvinanda and his family and plans to import equipment and technical experts from China to set up production. The factory will use steel billets as raw material and aims to eventually train local experts through technology transfers.
The document contains financial projections for a proposed steel fabrication business over 10 years. It includes projections for investment costs, production costs, sales revenues, profit and loss, cash flow, and other key financial metrics. Forms are provided to input costs for various line items like factory overhead, selling expenses, production costs, and selling prices. Appendices summarize the overall projections including balance sheets, cash flow statements, profit and loss statements, production schedules, and more. Key assumptions include an annual production increase, escalating costs and selling prices, and financing with 70% debt.
Laporan ini memberikan ringkasan studi kelayakan perluasan usaha ekspor-impor PT XYZ dengan membangun kantor dan gudang baru. Studi ini mencakup aspek umum, hukum, pemasaran, teknis, manajemen, dan keuangan proyek.
Dokumen ini membahas struktur organisasi dan manajemen PT XYZ. PT XYZ dipimpin oleh Direktur dan dibantu oleh tiga manajer yang membawahi departemen pemasaran, administrasi dan operasional, serta keuangan dan personalia. Setiap departemen memiliki tugas dan tanggung jawab tersendiri dalam mendukung operasi perusahaan. Dokumen ini juga membahas aspek-aspek manajemen seperti manajemen tenaga kerja dan pemasaran yang perlu diperhatikan
Dokumen tersebut membahas aspek umum dan legalitas PT XYZ. PT XYZ bergerak di bidang perdagangan ekspor-impor dan akan memindahkan lokasi usaha serta mengembangkan area perkebunan untuk meningkatkan produksi. Dokumen juga menjelaskan struktur kepemilikan dan pengurus perusahaan, dasar hukum pendirian, serta ketentuan pajak terkait badan usaha.
Dokumen tersebut membahas proyeksi keuangan pendirian usaha supplier bahan baku percetakan. Total biaya investasi dan modal kerja diperkirakan sebesar Rp777,2 miliar. Proyeksi penjualan dan target pembelian printing plate disertakan. Asumsi-asumsi mencakup biaya operasional, depresiasi, piutang dagang, dan pajak. Proyeksi laba rugi, arus kas, neraca dan rasio keuangan seperti likuiditas dan profitabilitas disajikan
1. BAB II
PEMASARAN
II.1. PENDAHULUAN
Perkembangan ekonomi Indonesia dalam beberapa bulan yang dipimpin oleh tim kinerja
ekonomi pimpinan pemerintahan Presiden XXX mulai menunjukkan hasil yang
menggembirakan. Beberapa pengamat ekonomi dan beberapa pengusaha cukup optimis
terhadap berkembangnya sektor ekonomi Indonesia. Mayoritas pengamat ekonomi mengatakan
bahwa tim kinerja pimpinan Presiden XXX cukup baik dibanding pimpinan sebelumnya.
Karena adanya pembagian tugas yang cukup jelas antara presiden, wakil presiden, dan para
menterinya, serta adanya kontrol yang cukup ketat.
Optimisnya akan perkembangan ekonomi Indonesia membuat beberapa pengusaha mulai
mempersiapkan diri untuk melebarkan sayapnya ataupun melanjutkan proyek-proyek yang telah
tertunda beberapa periode lalu.
Meningkatnya permintaan barang dari kustomer lama dan kustomer baru ataupun lokal trading
ditanggapi positif oleh PT XYZ. Meningkatnya permintaan barang tersebut dari hasil
penyelidikan disebabkan mulai adanya pembangunan proyek baru dan meningkatnya
kepercayaan kustomer terhadap kwalitas atau aslinya (orisinil) produk yang dijual oleh
PT XYZ. Sebelumnya sudah diketahui banyak sekali produk imitasi yang beredar dipasaran
yang mana sulit sekali untuk dibedakan satu dengan yang lain. Salah satu dari produk tersebut
mempunyai 7 produk imitasi dan sangat sulit untuk dibedakan yang aslinya.
PT XYZ selalu memegang prinsip tetap menjaga kwalitas barang, dan kepuasan kustomer.
Berdasarkan berbagai pertimbangan, maka PT XYZ bermaksud untuk mengembangkan
usahanya, mengingat perkembangan dan prospek bisnis yang dikelola selama ini sangat baik
kemajuannya.
II.2. ANALISA PORDUK
Produk yang dipasarkan oleh PT XYZ adalah produk elektrikal dan produk hasil perkebunan.
a. Produk Elektrikal
Produk elektrikal yang dipasarkan adalah komponen-komponen elektrikal yang dibutuhkan oleh
industri panel listrik dan kontraktor-kontraktor elektrikal. Produk elektrkal tersebut di impor
oleh PT XYZ dari negara Jepang yang bekerja sama dengan perusahaan ABC Corporation yang
berdomisili di Jepang. Jumlah komponen elektrikal yang diimpor berkisar 500 jenis dan tipe.
Identitas produk komponen elektrikal atau nomor Harmonized System (HS) berkisar antara
85.01.10.110 sampai dengan 85.01.64.900.
b. Produk Hasil Perkebunan
Produk hasil perkebunan yang di ekspor oleh PT XYZ terdiri dari 3 jenis, yaitu:
- Serbuk sabuk kelapa block (Cocopeat ), yang digunakan untuk pupuk.
- Serabut buah kelapa (Cocofiber ), digunakan untuk matras, kasur spring bed, kursi sofa
dan lain-lain.
- Bunga potong jenis paku (Lether Fern ), Produk yang digunakan untuk karangan bunga,
hiasan pot, dekorasi pada perayaan pesta, dekorasi hotel dan sebagainya. Keistimewaan dari
bunga potong adalah tidak mudah layu dan bila ditaruh pada ruangan dengan suhu berkisar
27 oC akan tahan hingga 2-3 minggu. Jika ditaruh diruangan pendinginan khusus akan
berbulan-bulan. Panjang bunga potong lether fern yang dipasarkan kurang lebih 1 m.
Ketiga produk bunga potong, Cocopeat dan Cocofiber diambil dari petani pada beberapa daerah
yang telah diadakan kerja sama.
Bagian dari buku “Menggali Potensi Wirausaha”, Penulis: Ir. Harmaizar Z., dkk
1
2. II.3 HISTORIKAL DAN PROYEKSI
A. Historikal
Pada awal tahun 2002 banyak permintaan komponen produk elektrikal (trading) terpaksa
ditolak ataupun dipenuhi sebagian, begitu juga dengan produk elektrikal yang bersifatnya base
on proyek dikarenakan tidak cukupnya dana dalam pembelian import barang.
Disamping itu aktifitas bisnis dibidang ekspor produk perkebunan akan juga dikembangkan.
Karena pada awal tahun 2002 hingga saat ini banyak peningkatan permintaan dari Jepang dan
juga dari negara China dan Hongkong. Selama ini PT XYZ lebih banyak terfokus pada produk
Cocopeat. Sedangkan permintaan produk Cocofiber dan Bunga Potong Leather Fern cukup
besar.
Tidak terfokusnya penjualan produk Bunga Potong Leather Fern, dikarenakan selama ini
diambil dari Solo, Jawa Tengah, serta kapasitas perkebunan di solo tidak dapat memenuhi
permintaan PT XYZ. Dari informasi yang didapat bahwa tanah yang dipergunakan kurang
subur sehingga tidak dapat memenuhi permintaan PT XYZ.
Tabel II-1 Historikal Penjualan Produk Elektrikal dan Perkebunan Rp 000
Penjualan Ekspor Produk Hasil Perkebunan Total
Tahun Elektrikal Lether Cocopeat Cocofiber Total Penjualan
(Lokal) Fern Ekspor
1998 100.589 50.581 50.581 151.170
1999 363.913 150.237 210.032 360.269 724.182
2000 1.061.931 307.845 413.132 612.210 720.977 1.782.908
2001 1.563.750 358.673 410.951 742.559 769.624 2.333.374
2002 1.963.860 514.517 425.238 699.360 939.755 2.903.615
Tabel II-2 Historikal Harga Pokok (H.P.)dan Harga Jual (H.J.)
Ekspor Produk Hasil Perkebunan (Rp)
Laba Lether Fern Cocopeat Cocofiber
Tahun kotor
Elektrikal
H. P H. J H. P H. J H. P H. J
(CIF) (CIF) (CIF)
1998 40,12% 500 2.000 -- -- -- --
1999 33,05% 500 2.000 8.100 16.000 --
2000 30,15% 600 2.150 8.300 16.200 8.300 15.200
2001 30,05% 675 2.150 8.500 16.400 8.300 15.500
2002 30,17% 700 2.240 8.500 16.500 8.400 15.500
Keterangan:
Biaya pengiriman: Insurance dan freight (asuransi dan biaya kapal):
- 1 Kg = Rp 500,-
- 1 Piece = Rp 400,- (Lether Fern)
Tabel II-3 Historikal Volume Penjualan Produk Perkebunan
Tahun Lether Fern Cocopeat Cocofiber
(piece) (kg) (kg)
1998 25.290 -- --
1999 75.118 13.127 --
2000 143.183 25.502 40.277
2001 166.825 25.058 47.907
2002 229.695 25.772 45.120
Bagian dari buku “Menggali Potensi Wirausaha”, Penulis: Ir. Harmaizar Z., dkk
2
3. B. Proyeksi.
Pada tahun 2003 PT XYZ merencanakan akan mulai mengatur strategi penjualan yang berupaya
memenuhi permintaan kustomer baik produk elektrikal ataupun produk perkebunan.
PT XYZ telah merencanakan untuk mengatasi problem permintaan produk Bunga Potong
Leather Fern dan telah mengadakan survei ke beberapa daerah. Hasil survei tersebut telah
didapat lahan yang cukup subur untuk pengembangan produk Bunga Potong Leather Fern
tersebut. Lokasi perkebunana tersebut berada didaerah Cipanas, Bogor dan diperlukan lahan
perkebunan seluas + 1 hektar
Informasi yang didapat dari perusahaan ABC Corporation diperlukan tanah perkebunan seluas +
1 hektar diperkirakan akan mendapat kapasitas produksi + 66.000 piesce perbulan (792.000
piece/tahun) dengan harga ekspor rata-rata @ Yen 28/piesce (Rp 2.240/piesce dengan 1 yen
=Rp 80,-), dan permintaan dari Jepang mengharapkan dapat mengekspor 8 kali perbulan atau
100 kali pertahun, sekali kirim (shipment) sebesar 8.000 piesce atau 120 kg.
Perhitungan dan metode proyeksi penjualan PT XYZ untuk setiap produk adalah:
- Elektrikal, menggunakan persamaan linier, didapat atas data hitorikal adalah:
Y = 1.010.808 + 492.638 x, (2003, x = 3)
- Lether Fern, dihitung atas dasar kontrak penjualan dan tersedia sumber produk
- Cocopeat, menggunakan persamaan Linier, didapat atas data historikal adalah
Y = 22.364 + 10.579 x, ( 2003, x = 3)
- Cocofiber, menggunakan persamaan Linier, didapat atas data historikal adalah
Y = 44.434 + 2.424 x, ( 2003, x = 2)
Tabel II-4 Proyeksi Penjualan Produk Elektrikal dan Perkebunan
Penjualan Penjualan Ekspor (perkebunan)
Tahun Elektrikal Lether Fern Cocopeat Cocofiber
(Rp 000) (piece) (kg) (kg)
2003 2.488.722 229.695 54.101 49.282
2004 2.981.360 229.695 64.680 51.706
2005 3.473.998 792.000 75.259 54.130
2006 3.966.636 792.000 85.838 56.554
2007 4.459.274 792.000 96.417 58.978
2008 4.951.912 792.000 106.996 61.402
2009 5.444.550 792.000 117.575 63.826
Harga Jual dan Harga Pokok
Pada tahun 2003-2004 proyeksi harga jual untuk produk perkebunan dan harga pokok produk
perkebunan diasumsikan stabil, dan tahun 2005-2006 diasumsikan naik masing-masing 10%,
hal ini dipertimbangkan naiknya biaya-biaya akomodasi dan transportasi dari sumber produk.
Tabel II-5 Proyeksi Harga Jual dan Biaya Pokok
Produk Harga Jual Harga Pokok
Ekspor (Rp CIF) (Rp)
Lether Fern 2.240 700
Cocopeat 16.500 9.000
Cocofiber 15.500 8.900
Catatan: *Harga pokok termasuk biaya Asuransi dan Kapal
- Lether Fern 1 Piece Rp 400
- Cocopeat dan Cocofiber Rp 500/kg
Bagian dari buku “Menggali Potensi Wirausaha”, Penulis: Ir. Harmaizar Z., dkk
3
4. Sedangkan untuk produk elektrikal diasumsikan tahun 2003-2005 laba kotor 30% atas
penjualan dan tahun 2006-2009 diasumsikan 25%. Hal ini dipertimbangkan untuk
mengantisipasi timbulnya kompetitor baru.
II.4. STRATEGI PEMASARAN
PT XYZ telah melakukan kerja sama dengan perusahaan ABC Corporation yang berdomisili di
negara Jepang, dimana kedua perusahaan mempunyai tugas masing-masing yang saling
mendukung dalam menjalankan operasi bisnisnya. Dengan salah satu strategi ini akan
membantu memperlancar pemasaran mereka dan juga akan meningkatkan efisiensi perusahaan
baik itu pengiriman barang, kontrol barang dan sebagainya. Serta dapat menghambat
perkembangan kompetitor.
Disamping itu PT XYZ, tetap memperhatikan beberapa masalah yang dapat menghambat
perkembangan perusahaan seperti: perkembangan kompetitor, dan juga membina hubungan
baik dengan supplier dan kustomer.
Kompetitor
Produk yang dijual oleh PT XYZ khusus pemasaran lokal di Indonesia merupakan produk alat-
alat listrik yang sudah banyak dijual dipasaran Indonesia baik import maupun produksi di
Indonesia. Tapi dalam penjualan produk tersebut PT XYZ tetap mempunyai karakteristik
tersendiri yaitu tetap menjual produk kwalitas yang baik dan asli (orsinil) dan tidak akan
menjual produk imitasi, yang mana akan membuat kustomer bingung.
Prinsip yang dijalankan oleh PT XYZ akan meningkatkan kepercayaan kustomer, sehingga
dengan strategi dan prinsip tersebut akan menghambat perkembangan kompetitor.
II.5. PROGRAM PEMASARAN
PT XYZ mempunyai 2 divisi dalam pemasaran produknya. Tujuan dari pembagian ini agar
tercapainya target penjualan yang mana kedua devisi tersebut masing-masing didukung oleh
enjinering berpengalaman, 2 divisi tersebut adalah:
1. Divisi Pembuatan Panel Listrik. Divisi ini langsung menangani produk yang berhubungan
dengan pembuatan panel listrik, terutama panel tipe MCC Draw out system, yang selama
ini, panel-panel tipe tersebut belum dapat dibuat oleh panel-panel listrik Indonesia.
2. Divisi Penjualan Distributor dan Kontraktor. Divisi ini memberi pelayanan langsung
untuk pengadaan stock barang dan Base on Project System untuk keperluan perusahaan
kontraktor, dengan sistem tersebut kami akan lebih mengetahui jenis kebutuhan barang,
merek, kebijakan harga dan delivery system
Dalam perencanaan selanjutnya, target penjualan kami adalah perusahaan Enjineering berskala
besar, dengan target penjualan adalah lampu jalan, lampu pabrik yang mempunyai spesifikasi
khusus.
Sedangkan untuk pemasaran produk ekspor dilakukan oleh ABC Corporation di Jepang, dan PT
XYZ mempunyai 1 (satu) divisi yaitu General Administration and Operation yang membawahi
staff quality control, yang bertugas mengontrol setiap permintaan dan shipment produk
perkebunan yang akan di ekspor ke negara Jepang.
Pembagian divisi ini akan mempermudah untuk meningkatkan pangsa pasar dan memperjelas
rancana jangka pendek ataupun jangka panjang perusahaan.
Hingga saat ini dalam melakukan pangsa pasar lokal prodak elektrikal PT XYZ telah
mempunyai kustomer lebih dari 100 perusahaan, beberapa perusahaan tersebut adalah:
1. PT Panel Bakti Sinarindo
2. PT Mulia Makmur Elektrikatama
3. PT Industira
4. PT Sekuense Teknik Indonesia
5. PT Trias Indra Saputra
6. PT Panelindo Makmur Sentosa
Bagian dari buku “Menggali Potensi Wirausaha”, Penulis: Ir. Harmaizar Z., dkk
4
5. 7. Dan sebagainya
Promosi
Promosi merupakan suatu sarana yang sangat penting dijalankan oleh suatu perusahaan, tanpa
promosi perkembangan perusahaan tidak akan berhasil. Promosi juga merupakan suatu sarana
untuk menggambarkan keberadaan perusahaan tersebut dengan berbagai produk yang mereka
pasarkan. PT XYZ sudah melaksanakan kegiatan promosi tersebut baik didalam kota maupun
diluar kota.
PT XYZ telah banyak melaksanakan promosi ke berbagai perusahaan panel listrik kontraktor
dan agen-agen listrik, dan terus mencari informasi keberadaan perusahaan panel listrik,
kontraktor dan agen-agen lainnya. PT XYZ menjalankan promosi dengan cara:
1. Periklanan (advertising), yaitu menyebarkan brosur, kalender, pemasangan iklan di surat
kabar dan sebagainya.
2. Penjualan Personel, khusus dilakukan kepada kustomer-kustomer baru atau pada produk-
produk baru.
==== O ====
Bagian dari buku “Menggali Potensi Wirausaha”, Penulis: Ir. Harmaizar Z., dkk
5