Class lecture introducing basic Documentary Film concepts and setting up information to prepare students to write a simple treatment. Most information from Bill Nichols and Anthony Friedmann
Class lecture introducing basic Documentary Film concepts and setting up information to prepare students to write a simple treatment. Most information from Bill Nichols and Anthony Friedmann
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Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
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3. Codes and conventions of a
documentary
Such as any media product documentaries have their own codes and conventions.
Documentaries often feature medium close-up shots of an interviewee being interviewed
referred to as talking heads. Talking heads is a common feature in documentaries where
the interviewee is the focal point against a typically plain background as not to distract the
audience. Documentaries often use direct mode of address to connect to an audience by
looking directly at the camera however sometimes where applicable indirect mode of
address where the subject is looking slightly off camera can be used often to create
contrast. Similar to short films and even large-scale productions, cinematic establishing
shots are used to set the time and location of the documentary this can also give the
audience an insight to the documentary within the first few seconds. Documentaries often
included elements similar to a short film such as reenactments these help the audience to
visually understand what the documentary is discussing. The three main themes included
in documentaries is fact, statistic and opinion all featured in nearly every single
documentary as fundamentals to a product. Sound can be used in many different ways in
a documentary. Voiceovers can be used to keep an audience engaged and reveal more
information to what they are seeing this is determined as synchronous sound with the
voiceover matching with what you see on screen, it can also be used as a technic to break
up talking heads with footage to keep the audience engaged. If a voiceover isn't used,
often non-diegetic sound is layered over footage whether it is a soundtrack or score it can
be used to add emotion to a piece or keep the audience engaged without the use of
consistent dialogue.
4. Facts, Opinions and
Statistics
A typical convention of documentaries are facts, opinions and
statistics. Facts by definition are statements that can be proven
and have evidence to back them up and are vital to not only
informative documentaries but every type of documentary.
However, opinions are also vital when creating a documentary
as it allows people to not only share their view but sometimes
share what happened and their truth especially when using the
talking heads format this creates a relationship between the
people on screen and the audience establishing a personal
touch to the documentary as people are allowed to voice their
opinions just like you would be able to in a conversation.
Statistics provide quantitative and qualitative data that can
back up both facts and opinions as well as being impactful on
their own.
5. Talking heads
Talking heads allows for opinions to be voiced and shared with
the audience, often giving the opinion of what the audience
has just seen on screen providing an insight into the mind of
the people involved. Talking heads usually consists of a
medium close-up shot at an eye-level angle however these
can vary depending on the type of documentary style. As you
can see in the image above talking heads is typically
conducted with a direct mode of address to the audience
where the interviewee is looking directly into camera with a
clean non-distracting background to focus the attention of the
audience on the subject.
To engage the audience a variation of shots can be included to
try and ensure the audience does not get bored when watching
this can include Extreme long shot, Long shot. Mid-shot or
medium shot. The mid-shot or medium shot generally shows the
character from the waist to the top of the head(commonly used as
the main shot for talking heads ), Close-up, Extreme close-up, High-
angle, Low angle. Cinematography can be used in documentaries to
aid in setting the scene and create a relationship with the audience.
Camera angles can impact not only the quality of the documentary
but the diversity and engagement levels of audiences.
Cinematography
6. Katz's and Blumler Uses and Gratifications Theory
Blumler and Katz’s Uses and Gratification Theory suggests that media users play an active role in choosing
and using the media. Users take an active part in the communication process and are goal oriented in their
media use. The theorist say that a media user seeks out a media source that best fulfills the needs of
the user. Uses and gratifications assume that the user has alternate choices to satisfy their need.
DIVERSION-PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP- PERSONAL IDENTITY -SURVEILLANCE
EVALUATION
Katz's and Blumler Uses and Gratifications Theory can be
applied to documentaries and is something to consider when I
am creating my own. The audience may use the documentary
as a diversion from everyday life but could also use it as
surveillance as they can learn information. Although it is not
as apparent as the other two the audience may be able to use
the documentary for personal relationships as the
documentary will focus on the digital world and social media
it may become a talking point among friends satisfying that
need of the user. Personal identity may also be recognised
here as the user reflects on the impact technology and social
media has on their life.
7. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
To better understand what motivates human beings, Maslow proposed that human needs can
be organized into a hierarchy. This hierarchy ranges from more concrete needs such as food and
water to abstract concepts such as self-fulfillment. According to Maslow, when a lower need is
met, the next need on the hierarchy becomes our focus of attention.
Evaluation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be something I
can considered when creating my documentary
as the modern media can be put in the safety
level of needs as people check the news to
become aware of their surroundings and safety
level. Social media/technology can be associated
with love/belonging as it is a way of connecting
with friends and family and can be a way of
increasing self-esteem confidence and creativity
all linking back to the hierarchy of needs.
8. Documentary theories
• Bill Nichols’ seminal text Introduction to Documentary (2010) breaks down the documentary into six
frequently cited sub-genres or "modes".
• “In documentary film and video, we can identify six modes of representation that function something like
sub-genres of the documentary film genre itself: poetic, expository, participatory, observational,
reflexive, performative. These six modes establish a loose framework of affiliation within
which individuals may work; they set up conventions that a given film may adopt; and they provide
specific expectations viewers anticipate having fulfilled.”
9. Poetic documentary is a subgenre of documentary
filmmaking that uses avant-garde techniques to evoke a
certain mood or feeling rather than prove a point through
a traditional linear narrative structure.
One of the poetic documentaries that I have taken the time to watch was a
Channel Five series, called, Extraordinary People. It is about certain people
across the world who obtain unique qualities, physically or an extraordinary
talent. The shows how the individual lives their everyday life and there is
usually a few interviews with the individual, as well as with the friends and
family of the person.
Evaluation
My documentary is a true story and even though it will have elements of a poetic documentary
such as a narrative structure when telling the story of her life however it will include facts and the
documentary will go on a journey with the audience to try and decipher what happened to her.
10. Expository documentaries include footage that supports and
strengthens the spoken argument of the film, including
stock footage, archival footage, b-roll, or re-enactments of
historical events. Expository documentaries are heavily
researched and constructed to inform and persuade.
Evaluation
An example of an expository documentary is :The Dust Bowl (2012). Ken Burns’
historical account of this disastrous drought during the Great Depression uses
photos and facts to supplement the causes and impact of one of the worst
droughts to plague North American farmland.
This documentary style is similar to the style I plan to have for my documentary.as I am doing a
documentary about a historical event it will be heavily researched with re-enactments and
archival footage to back up my points.
11. Participatory documentary itself is a form of film production that directly involves people
and communities in a collaborative and inclusive filmmaking process. Here the process is
of producing the film provides a platform which brings people together to explore issues,
voice concerns, listen to and tell stories.
The filmmaker tends to become the subject of the documentary. Actively engaging with the situation, they are documenting
asking questions and sharing experiences. For example, the: Life of Michael Jackson by Bashir(2004)
The subject of the topic is introduced by a montage of videos of Michael Jackson. A
voiceover of the filmmaker/presenter is used in the background also to introduce the
documentary. There is then one to one talk with the filmmaker and Michael Jackson,
introducing the documentary type to be participatory. Michael Jackson is presented
to be the subject due to having more focus on him, the presenter having a side of
the screen and back towards the audience. Clips of Bashir with Michael Jackson are
shown in his own home in his own personal cinema. This shows how the
documentary is participatory as the presenter is getting involved with the subject
instead of simply speaking about him. Due to this mode of documentary the
presenter can speak to Michael Jackson on a more personal level recording clips of
information which are more personal and emotional.
Michael Jackson Martin Bashir Interview - YouTube
Evaluation
For my documentary I will be in front of the camera for parts and will record all of the
voiceovers however I won't become the subject as the documentary will be heavily focused on
the story of her life and her suspected hauntings ay the Sunderland Empire.
12. Performative documentary films focus on the filmmakers'
involvement with his or her subject, using his or her personal
experience or relationship with the subject as a jumping-off point
for exploring larger, subjective truths about politics, history, or
groups of people like participatory documentaries.
Performative mode documentaries present an exaggerated version of the
world, society, or event they depict. Nick Broomfield is arguably the most well-
known practitioner of the performative mode/participatory mode documentary
technique. English director Broomfield uses only himself and another
cameraman on set. He also serves as the film’s primary protagonist.
Broomfield’s films are as much about making a documentary as they are about
the main story, offering onscreen reality that is small-scale and seemingly
honest but always entertaining. This is especially true of Aileen Wuornos: The
Selling of a Serial Killer, in which Broomfield includes footage that other
directors would have left on the cutting floor.
Evaluation
This documentary is focused on the story of a ghost therefore has no correlation to me the
filmmaker therefore the documentary won't be classified as a performative documentary.
13. Evaluation
My documentary will include re-enactments interviews and
voiceovers and will be edited to help engage the audience
therefore my documentary would not be able to be classed
as an observational documentary.
Observational documentaries eschew interviews, voice-over
narration and a soundtrack, and instead present footage of
real life as it unfolds. The effect is a documentary that tends
to show, not tell, and invites each viewer to draw his or her
own conclusions from the film.
1. Objectivity
Observational documentaries try to show objective truth and reality from all
sides, without having a specific opinion on the topic.
The observational mode just observes, without providing any narratives.
This allows the viewers to find their conclusion from the movie.
2. Minimalistic Equipment
The equipment is usually minimalistic, so it is not disturbing the mood.
The smaller equipment is what allowed the development of the observation
documentary. This allows the filmmakers to follow events more naturally.
3. No disruption
There are no interviews and no voiceovers - everything is as if you were
watching events happen in real-time.
The filmmaker is "not" there. Everything should be happening organically.
4. No reenactments
Reenactments defy the basic notion of observation documentary - realism.
Therefore, reenactments or second takes do not exist in authentic
observation films as it would artificially impact the truthfulness the
observational mode wants to show.
5. Long takes
Mostly long takes without cuts are used. Again, this is to create a sense of
reality. The takes are organic, simply following the flow of events.
5 rules of an observational documentary
Hoop Dreams (1994)
Hoop Dreams is a 1994
American documentary film directed
by Steve James. It follows the story of
two African-American high school
students, William Gates and Arthur
Agee, in Chicago and their dream of
becoming
professional basketball players. Hoop
Dreams was originally intended to be a
30-minute short film produced for PBS;
the filming of the special led to five
years of filming and 250 hours of
footage.
14. Emphasizes the expressive nature of film, anti-realist techniques e.g.,
reenactments, expressive lighting, dramatic music; Voiceover (When present) is
likely to be questioning and uncertain – rather than authoritative; Reliance on
suggestion rather than fact. The reflexive documentary mode focuses on the
relationship between the filmmaker and the audience, pushing viewers to reflect
on their perceptions and re-analyse their notions of truth.
Evaluation
My documentary will include elements of a reflexive documentary such as reenactments and voice overs however is more
informative than making the audience making the audience question their perception of the truth therefore although there will
be elements of a reflexive documentary my documentary will not be classed as this.
Louis Theroux’s Weird Weekends (1998)
This series follows documentary filmmaker Louis
Theroux as he travels the world to chronicle his
experiences with “strange” happenings or
interactions with subcultures or people that the
average viewer may not encounter. Extremists of
many faiths, infomercial celebrities, survivalists,
separatists, and even swingers are all represented
in the series. By focusing on these folks, Theroux
hopes to dispel false assumptions about them and
provide a more nuanced understanding of their
worldviews and practices.
Louis Theroux
is a common
face in
documentaries
on the BBC
with a whole
section of 78
documentaries
dedicated to
his work.
16. The Suzanne Morphew Case: Nothing Is What It
Seems
Bing Videos
Between the space of 0:05 seconds and
0:30 seconds a non-diegetic score is used
to build suspense and establish the
theme of the documentary linking scenes
from medium close-ups to establishing
shots together aided by editing to create
an engaging and dynamic opening
hooking the viewer.
Title Card
The title card sets the tone for the rest of the
piece this title card drains the colour from the
background of the documentary which allows for
the title of the documentary to stand out from the
background. This editing technique links to the
title as audiences would expect it to be in
colour as that is what they are used to but uses
this technique to throw the audience and set the
tone for the rest of the documentary.
Non diegetic score
Throughout the opening
scenes there is a sound
bridge between diegetic and
non-diegetic sound as the
woman above sets the scene
it switches between shots of
her talking to establishing
shots with a voice over
engaging the audience.
17. The Suzanne Morphew Case:
Nothing Is What It Seems
Establishing Shot
Bing Videos
A common convention of both a
documentary and a short film is shown here.
The usual cinematic shots of a location is
classified as an establishing shot this
confirms for the audience the location of the
documentary/short film and the atmosphere
of the piece.
Non-diegetic Sound
A common convention of documentaries
can be heard here. Throughout the
documentary there is a re-occurring theme
of the use of non-diegetic sound used
where a voice over is used as commentary
over archived footage to explain what is
happening on screen.
18. The Suzanne Morphew Case:
Nothing Is What It Seems
Bing Videos
Inserts
This is a relatively new technique used in
documentaries where technology is used to
create or animate archived footage not only to
visually explain what is being discussed but in
order to provide a different angle for the
audience and change in scene familiarity this
keeps the engaged in the documentary.
Editing
In the documentary the editing feels very fast paced
and usually cuts at the mention of a location name
or significant detail for example in this scene just as
the name Barry is mentioned it cuts to an image
.This fast-paced editing technique helps to carry the
documentary along preventing the documentary
from dragging for an audience.
19. The Suzanne Morphew Case:
Nothing Is What It Seems
Bing Videos
A common convention of a documentary can be seen here. Talking heads is a
staple for documentaries and can be recognised easily by the medium close-up
shot, it is also a shallow focus shot meaning that the background has been
blurred this is to focus the attention of the audience on the interviewee and
not distract them from the subject however this is not a stereotypical talking
heads set up as the interviewee is using indirect mode of address where the
interviewee is looking to the side of the camera this may be to focus the
attention of the audience not on the interviewee but the subject they are
discussing whilst still visually engaging the audience.
Another typical convention of a documentary is
shown here the use of archived footage and
photographs can be used to not only visually
show the audience what is being discussed but
evoke emotion from the audience making them
more engaged and invested in the documentary.
Talking Heads Archived Footage
20. The Suzanne Morphew Case:
Nothing Is What It Seems
Bing Videos
Evidence Reconstruction
In this frame we can see something that is common in the true
crime genre, evidence is vital in not only a case but when used
in documentaries can provide vital information and background
to a case allowing the audience to see actual things used in a
crime as well as feel as though they can start to piece things
together themselves by being shown the evidence.
Something that is less common than talking heads but is
still a convention of documentaries are reconstructions,
these can be used not only to visually show the audience
what is being discussed but can be used as an emotional
tool to connect and engage the audience with the story.
21. Nikki Allen: The killing that shook Sunderland |
ITV News Tyne Tees
Nikki Allen: The killing that shook Sunderland | ITV News Tyne Tees - YouTube
A typical convention seen in most documentaries is the use of archived footage this can not only be
used to move the story along but in this case show the audience live reactions when they heard
what happened as well as show the difference in time passing between now and then. Archived
footage can and is often used as an emotive tool to connect the audience to a piece whether it is
moving image footage or in this case a photograph of a newspaper.
22. Nikki Allen: The killing that shook Sunderland |
ITV News Tyne Tees
Nikki Allen: The killing that shook Sunderland | ITV News Tyne Tees - YouTube
Reconstructions
A common convention of a documentary can be seen here. Talking heads is a
staple in the documentary and is the most recognisable out of the conventions. In
this frame we can see a clear background as not to distract the audience and is a
medium close-up shot. However, this is not a stereotypical format for talking
heads as the interviewee is using indirect mode of address looking slightly off
camera. This is interesting as even though the interviewee is looking slightly off
camera archived photos are appearing as almost direct mode of address making
the audiences focus drawn to the photos visually and her words audibly.
Something that is less common than talking
heads but is still a convention of documentaries
are reconstructions, these can be used not only
to visually show the audience what is being
discussed but can be used as an emotional tool
to connect and engage the audience with the
story.
23. Nikki Allen: The killing that shook Sunderland |
ITV News Tyne Tees
Nikki Allen: The killing that shook Sunderland | ITV News Tyne Tees - YouTube
Non-Diegetic Voice Over
The documentary opens with a non-
diegetic voice over of the reporter speaking
about the case which is a theme that
continues throughout the documentary.
This shows the audience that the person
talking is not as important as the case at
hand and therefore makes you focus on the
case rather than the documentary maker.
Personal Address
During this section of the documentary a documentary theory can be
seen. As the documentary maker is seen here it would be thought
that the documentary would be classed as participatory this can add
a personal touch to the documentary and connect an audience
through direct mode of address. As for this documentary in particular
the documentary maker is from the area of where the crime
happened securing the links in the regional case and securing the
regional audience that may have been lost if a different documentary
maker was chosen.
24. Nikki Allen: The killing that shook Sunderland |
ITV News Tyne Tees
Nikki Allen: The killing that shook Sunderland | ITV News Tyne Tees - YouTube
Talking heads features heavily in documentaries, especially in this documentary. This creates a more
personal feel to the documentary as it allows for the audience to hear and see the emotion from the people
directly involved in the case and even though for each shot the mise-en-scene changes slightly the format
remains the same. There is a running colour theme of blue deemed to be a calming colour which could help
the audience and the interviewees feel calmer when discussing the difficult topics. The typical shot set up
for these talking heads interviews are a close-up shot with an eye-level angle where the interviewees are
looking off camera and not directly to camera this creates a sense that there is a conversation happening
between the interviewer and interviewee which the audience are able to view .
25. THE COMMONS CRIMINAL-BBC Documentary
BBC iPlayer - The Big Cases - The Commons Criminal
Here is a common convention of documentaries an
establishing shot to be seen on screen to set the location
of where the documentary will take place and an
archived phone call played over the top which
implements the truth in the documentary and helps the
audience to understand what is happening on screen.
Establishing Shot Archived phone call Archived Footage
Another typical convention of a documentary is shown here
the use of archived footage and photographs can be used to
not only visually show the audience what is being discussed
but evoke emotion from the audience making them more
engaged and invested in the documentary. As this is also a
news report some people may be able to remember the story
establishing further links to the story and audience response.
26. THE COMMONS CRIMINAL-BBC Documentary
BBC iPlayer - The Big Cases - The Commons Criminal
Inserts
This is a relatively new technique used
in documentaries where technology is used
to create or animate archived footage not only
to visually explain what is being discussed but
in order to provide a different angle for
the audience and change in scene familiarity
this keeps the engaged in the documentary.
Title Card
A convention you will typically find in every documentary and
what can be seen here is a title card. The title card sets the
precedent for the remainder of the documentary whilst also
securing main themes of the documentary as well as the genre
of the documentary. This can be done by using iconography,
images, wording or colours selected to name a few. This is also
usually the image that the documentary producer wants the
audience to think of when they think of the documentary
created to make an impact on the audience.
27. THE COMMONS CRIMINAL-BBC Documentary
BBC iPlayer - The Big Cases - The Commons Criminal
Archived Audio
An archived phone call (archived audio) played over the top
implements the truth in the documentary and helps the audience
to understand what is happening on screen allowing the audience
to not only see evidence in the case but hear it as well making
them feel more a part of the story and gain their opinion of what
is happening by being given this extra evidence. It also helps
break up the documentary by including different voices and types
of audio not only is the audience visually engaged but also audibly
engaged in what they are viewing.
Talking Heads
A convention you will typically find in every documentary and what can
be seen here is talking heads. Throughout my research I have found that
talking heads (a medium where typically someone involved in the
story, or a professional would discuss the story from their point of view
found especially in True Crime however is found in most documentary
style products) is a convention that I would argue makes a documentary
what it is, talking heads feature in nearly every if not all
documentary/informative media and is the convention that is found most
regularly which is something I will definitely include in my own product.
29. Connect
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpOSIYHxAaE
At the start or equilibrium of the short film we can see the main character seen
above is lonely and isolated especially in this frame where no other people are in
the frame. The theme of loneliness is portrayed in many different ways in the
scene as not only is she alone, but shallow focus is used to signify that she doesn’t
really fit into the world around her aided by bokeh lighting to intensify the feeling
of being an outcast from the rest of the world she lives in. In this scene she is also
off center perhaps suggesting that although she is the main character in the short
film her place in society is not a main role reflected by the camera angles used
making her even more of an outcast.
30. In this scene sound plays an impactful role in aiding the story
along. The score throughout the short film plays a vital role as it is
a silent film the score reflects the emotions of the character and
tells the audience how she is feeling. In this scene specifically the
technic of a sound bridge has been used to link diegetic and non-
diegetic sound together with no cuts this helps the short film to
flow and matches the style of editing and camera work you seen
on screen.
31. 3:04 / 5:01
RED Connotes-
Red is one of the most complex colours
when looking at what it connotes, it can
connote a range of different feelings and
emotion such as love, danger,
passion, confidence attraction and many
more. It is a colour that can be seen in
many different ways but for this short
film I believe that it connotes attraction
with a sense of wanting to be loved.
Blue connotes-
The character wears a blue
cardigan throughout the short
film symbolising
tranquility, dignity, and
decorum this is a direct
juxtaposition to her
surroundings in the film with
the bus full of people pushing
and rushing to get home. This
could also link back to the
running theme that she feels
isolated from the rest of the
world as everyone is
presented so differently to
her we see this real portrayal
of isolation and separation
between her and the world
she lives in.
White connotes-
Seen in her costume is
elements of white which
connotes purity innocence and
simplicity but also can connote
something darker such as the
feelings of emptiness and
blankness. This could reflect
that these are her thoughts of
the world she lives in but also
how she feels as we know she
is lonely shown to s through
the cinematography of the
scene it could suggest along
with the red used on her
costume that to fill the
emptiness she wants to feel
and have a connection with
someone, so she is not so
alone.
Headphones-
In the scene she is wearing white
retro headphones this further
removes her from the world
created by the filmmaker
suggesting she has different
outlooks or enjoys different
things than everyone else making
her even more of an outcast and
creating the clear on-screen
vision of isolation and the sense
of not belonging .
Colour-
She is the only person presented in bright
colours this reinforces the theme of isolation but
also the theme of change suggesting she could
influence people to change and appreciate every
moment. The rest of the characters are dressed
in dark or muted tones of neutral colours whilst
the main character is in two staple primary
colours this choice in costuming is a further
separation between her and the rest of the
people in the scene reinforcing the theme of
isolation and loneliness.
Isolation-
Isolation is a theme that is
continuous throughout this
short film, and we can see
another visual
representation of it here
with the use of a wide shot
we can see that no one is
around on even near here
again solidifying the isolation
she feels even on a packed
Pulling Apart The Scene
32. Evaluation
Researching documentaries and short films has
allowed me to develop my knowledge of conventions
of short films and documentaries as well as
understand the reasons behind why they are included.
This research has also allowed me to see that a
documentary doesn’t need to follow the stereotypical
boundaries and conventions and shows that I can
bend the conventions not only from a
stylistic/cinematography point of view but from an
emotive side as well. As my documentary will be
based on a true story not only do I intend to use
archived footage of what it was like for her when she
was alive, but I also intend to have reconstructions
whilst also developing my range of camera angles and
shot sizes in order to make a dynamic and engaging
piece whilst not forgetting to tell her story in an
emotive way that the audience are engaged in the
piece.