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Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin

The document discusses problems solved by Kotlin for test automation. It summarizes Kotlin as a JVM language that is statically typed, multi-paradigm, pragmatic, safe, and concise. It then discusses problems Kotlin solves such as cleaner code for collections and maps, extension functions to add functionality, data classes to reduce boilerplate for small classes, and cleaner steps in Allure reports using lambda functions.

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Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? — Leonid Rudenko
Why? — _2
Why? — _3
Why? — Selenium Camp 2016 #4 Make Your Automation ier _4
What’s going on here — • What is Kotlin? • Problems Kotlin solves • Demo Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? _5
What’s going on here — • What is Kotlin? • Problems Kotlin solves • Demo Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? _6
Kotlin is... — • JVM language from JetBrains – Java 6+ 1. What is Kotlin? _7
Kotlin is... — • JVM language • Statically typed 1. What is Kotlin? _8
Kotlin is... — • JVM language • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm – OOP & functional 1. What is Kotlin? _9
Kotlin is... — • JVM language • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic 1. What is Kotlin? _10
Kotlin is... — • JVM language • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic 1. What is Kotlin? _11
Kotlin is... — • JVM language • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic • Safe 1. What is Kotlin? _12
Kotlin is... — • JVM language • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic • Safe • Concise 1. What is Kotlin? _13 Brevity is the sister of talent. - Anton Chekhov -
Kotlin is... — • JVM language • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic • Safe • Concise • Interoperable 1. What is Kotlin? _14
Kotlin is... — • JVM language • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic • Safe • Concise • Interoperable 1. What is Kotlin? _15
Kotlin 1.0 — • 15 Feb 2016 – backward compatibility 1. What is Kotlin? _16
Kotlin 1.0 — • 15 Feb 2016 • kotlinc, Intellij IDEA (plugin), Eclipse (plugin), NetBeans (plugin) 1. What is Kotlin? _17
Kotlin 1.0 — • 15 Feb 2016 • kotlinc, Intellij IDEA (plugin), Eclipse (plugin), NetBeans (plugin) • Open source https://github.com/jetbrains/kotlin 1. What is Kotlin? _18
1. What is Kotlin? _19
_20
Google Trends: Kotlin 1y — 1. What is Kotlin? _21
Google Trends: Kotlin vs Groovy 1y — 1. What is Kotlin? _22
Where Kotlin is used — • JetBrains products 1. What is Kotlin? _23
Where Kotlin is used — • JetBrains products • Android 1. What is Kotlin? _24
Where Kotlin is used — • JetBrains products • Android • Server & Desktop 1. What is Kotlin? _25
Where Kotlin is used — • JetBrains products • Android • Server & Desktop • Gradle 3.0 https://github.com/gradle/gradle-script-kotlin 1. What is Kotlin? _26
Where Kotlin is used — • JetBrains products • Android • Server & Desktop • Gradle 3.0 • (Web) Test Automation 1. What is Kotlin? _27
Test Automation: why Kotlin? — • Syntax similar to Java 1. What is Kotlin? _28
Test Automation: why Kotlin? — • Syntax similar to Java • Clean test code Conciseness Easy to read == easy to understand Collective code ownership, effective code review 1. What is Kotlin? _29
Test Automation: why Kotlin? — • Syntax similar to Java • Clean test code Conciseness Easy to read == easy to understand Collective code ownership, effective code review • Safe test code 1. What is Kotlin? _30
What’s going on here — • What is Kotlin? • Problems Kotlin solves • Demo Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? _31
Kotlin features — • Extension functions • Data classes • Lambda functions • Smart cast • Type inference • Null safety 2. Problems Kotlin solves _32
1. Problem: Maps and Lists in Java — // Java Map<Integer, Credentials> users = new HashMap<>(); users.put(1, new Credentials("vasya", "123456")); users.put(2, new Credentials("johny", "qwerty")); users.put(3, new Credentials("admin", "admin")); List<Integer> responseCodes = new ArrayList<>(); responseCodes.add(200); responseCodes.add(302); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _33
1. Solution: Kotlin collections — // Kotlin val users = mapOf( 1 to Credentials("vasya", "123456"), 2 to Credentials("johny", "qwerty"), 3 to Credentials("admin", "admin")) val responseCodes = listOf(200, 302) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _34
1. Collections: Map — // Kotlin val users = mapOf( 1 to Credentials("vasya", "123456"), 2 to Credentials("johny", "qwerty"), 3 to Credentials("admin", "admin")) Map<Integer, Credentials> new users.put(4, Credentials("...", "...")) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _35
1. Collections: Traversing a map — // Java for (Map.Entry<Integer, Credentials> pair : users.entrySet()) { System.out.println(pair.getKey() + "->" + pair.getValue()); } // Kotlin for ((id, creds) in users) { println("$id->$creds") } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _36
1. Collections: forEach, filters, sorting... — // Kotlin val link = driver.findElements("a").firstOrNull { it.text == "Selenium Camp" } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _37
1. Collections: Java & Groovy — • Java 7 • Java 8 (Stream API) • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _38
1. Collections: forEach, filters, sorting... — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _39 // Kotlin val link = driver.findElements("a").firstOrNull { it.text == "Selenium Camp" }
2. Problem: framework can’t do what you need it to do — // Java public static List<WebElement> findElements(WebDriver driver, String selector) { return driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)); } findElements(driver, "a"); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _40
2. Problem: framework can’t do what you need it to do — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _41
2. Solution: Extension functions — // Kotlin fun WebDriver.findElements(selector: String): List<WebElement>{ return this.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)) } driver.findElements("a") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _42
2. Extension functions — // Kotlin fun WebDriver.findElements(selector: String): List<WebElement>{ return this.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)) } driver.findElements("a") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _43
2. Extension functions — // Kotlin fun WebDriver.findElements(selector: String): List<WebElement>{ return this.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)) } driver.findElements("a") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _44
2. Extension functions — // Kotlin fun WebDriver.findElements(selector: String): List<WebElement>{ return this.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)) } driver.findElements("a") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _45
2. Extension functions: Java & Groovy — • Java • Groovy (Extension Modules) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _46
3. Problem: small classes are not small — // Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _47
3. Problem: small classes are not small — // Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _48
3. Problem: small classes are not small — // Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _49
3. Problem: small classes are not small —// Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } @Override public String toString() { return username + '/' + password; } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _50
3. Problem: small classes are not small —// Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } @Override public String toString() { return username + '/' + password; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Credentials that = (Credentials) o; if (username != null ? !username.equals(that.username) : that.username != null) return false; return password != null ? password.equals(that.password) : that.password == null; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = username != null ? username.hashCode() : 0; return 31 * result + (password != null ? password.hashCode() : 0); } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _51
3. Problem: 27 lines —// Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } @Override public String toString() { return username + '/' + password; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Credentials that = (Credentials) o; if (username != null ? !username.equals(that.username) : that.username != null) return false; return password != null ? password.equals(that.password) : that.password == null; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = username != null ? username.hashCode() : 0; return 31 * result + (password != null ? password.hashCode() : 0); } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _52
3. Solution: direct to Kotlin – 18 lines —// Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } @Override public String toString() { return username + '/' + password; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Credentials that = (Credentials) o; if (username != null ? !username.equals(that.username) : that.username != null) return false; return password != null ? password.equals(that.password) : that.password == null; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = username != null ? username.hashCode() : 0; return 31 * result + (password != null ? password.hashCode() : 0); } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _53 // Kotlin class Credentials { private val username: String private val password: String constructor(username: String, password: String) { this.username = username this.password = password } fun getUsername(): String { return username } fun getPassword(): String { return password } override fun toString() = username + '/' + password override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean { if (this === other) return true if (other?.javaClass != javaClass) return false other as Credentials return username == other.username && password == other.password } override fun hashCode() = 31 * username.hashCode() + password.hashCode() }
3. Solution: remove getters – 16 lines —// Kotlin class Credentials { val username: String val password: String constructor(username: String, password: String) { this.username = username this.password = password } //fun getUsername(): String { return username } //fun getPassword(): String { return password } override fun toString() = username + '/' + password override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean { if (this === other) return true if (other?.javaClass != javaClass) return false other as Credentials return username == other.username && password == other.password } override fun hashCode() = 31 * username.hashCode() + password.hashCode() } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _54
3. Solution: primary constructor – 10 lines —// Kotlin class Credentials(val username: String, val password: String) { //val username: String //val password: String //constructor(username: String, password: String) { // this.username = username // this.password = password //} override fun toString() = username + '/' + password override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean { if (this === other) return true if (other?.javaClass != javaClass) return false other as Credentials return username == other.username && password == other.password } override fun hashCode() = 31 * username.hashCode() + password.hashCode() } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _55
3. Solution: data class – 1 line — // Kotlin data class Credentials(val username: String, val password: String) { //override fun toString() = username + '/' + password //override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean { // if (this === other) return true // if (other?.javaClass != javaClass) return false // other as Credentials // return username == other.username && password == other.password //} //override fun hashCode() = 31 * username.hashCode() + password.hashCode() } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _56
3. Solution: Kotlin data classes — // Kotlin data class Credentials(val username: String, val password: String) val creds = Credentials("a", "b") println(creds.username) // a creds.username = "you can't do that" println(creds) // Credentials(username=a, password=b) println(creds == Credentials("a", "b")) // true 2. Problems Kotlin solves _57
3. Solution: Kotlin data classes — // Kotlin data class Credentials(val username: String, val password: String) { override fun toString(): String { return "$username/$password" } } println(Credentials("one", "two")) // one/two 2. Problems Kotlin solves _58
3. Data classes: Java & Groovy — • Java (Lombok https://projectlombok.org/) • Groovy (@groovy.transform.Canonical) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _59
4. Problem: steps in Allure report — // Java driver.findElement("button").click(); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _60
4. Problem: steps in Allure report — // Java @Step("Click the button") public void clickButton() { driver.findElement("button").click(); } clickButton(); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _61
4. Solution: steps in Allure report — // Java 8 @Step("{0}") public void step(String title, Runnable code) { code.run(); } step("Click the button", () -> { driver.findElement("button").click(); }); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _62
4. Solution: steps in Allure report — // Kotlin @Step("{0}") fun step(title: String, code: () -> Any) = code() step("Click the button") { driver.findElement("button").click() } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _63
4. Solution: just compare — // Java 8 step("Click the button", () -> { // your code here }); // Kotlin step("Click the button") { // your code here } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _64
4. Steps in Allure report: Java & Groovy — • Java 7 • Java 8 • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _65
5. Problem: checked exceptions — // Java URLDecoder.decode(param, "UTF-8"); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _66
// Java URLDecoder.decode(param, "UTF-8"); // Kotlin URLDecoder.decode(param, "UTF-8") 5. Solution: no checked exceptions — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _67
5. Checked exceptions: Java & Groovy — • Java • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _68
6. Problem: unchecked cast — // Java Object results = ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("..."); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _69
// Java Object results = ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("..."); if (results instanceof List) { List<String> list = ((List<Object>) results) .stream() .filter(String.class::isInstance) .map(String.class::cast) .collect(toList()); } 6. Problem: unchecked cast — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _70
// Java Object results = ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("..."); if (results instanceof List) { List<String> list = ((List<Object>) results) } 6. Problem: unchecked cast — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _71
// Kotlin val results = (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript("...") if (results is List<*>) { val list = results.filterIsInstance<String>() } 6. Solution: Kotlin smart cast — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _72
// Kotlin val results = (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript("...") if (results is List<*>) { val list = results.filterIsInstance<String>() } 6. Solution: Kotlin smart cast — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _73
6. Unchecked cast: Java & Groovy — • Java • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _74
7. Problem: Java is verbose — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _75
7. Solution: Kotlin syntactic sugar — // Java actualText.equals(expectedText) // Kotlin actualText == expectedText 2. Problems Kotlin solves _76
7. Solution: String templates — // Java String s = "date: " + date + " and author: " + USER.getName(); String s = format("date: %s and author: %s", date, USER.getName()); // Kotlin val s = "date: $date and author: ${USER.name}" 2. Problems Kotlin solves _77
7. Solution: ranges — // Java for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i += 2) // Kotlin for (i in 0..10 step 2) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _78
7. Solution: Kotlin rich standard library — // Java !list.isEmpty() // Kotlin list.isNotEmpty() 2. Problems Kotlin solves _79
7. Solution: Kotlin type inference — // Java final int i = 0; final String s = "abc"; final List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); // Kotlin val i = 0 val s = "abc" val list = listOf("a", "b", "c") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _80
7. Verbosity: Java & Groovy — • Java • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _81
8. Problem: java.lang.NullPointerException — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _82
8. Solution: Null safety — var username: String username = null // compilation error 2. Problems Kotlin solves _83
8. Null safety — var username: String username = null // compilation error var username: String? username = null // ok 2. Problems Kotlin solves _84
8. Null safety — var username: String // non-nullable String username = null var username: String? // nullable String username = null 2. Problems Kotlin solves _85
8. Null safety: safe call — var username: String? = "Vasya" var count = username.length // compilation error 2. Problems Kotlin solves _86
8. Null safety: safe call — var username: String? = "Vasya" var count = username?.length // ok, count is 5 username = null var count = username?.length // ok, count is null 2. Problems Kotlin solves _87
8. Null safety: Elvis operator — input.sendKeys(username ?: "Guest") var images = findAllImagesOnPage() ?: throw AssertionError("No images") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _88 ?:
8. Null safety: Java & Groovy — • Null safety: Java (Optional<T> in Java8), Groovy • Safe call: Java, Groovy • Elvis operator: Java, Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _89
Java vs Groovy vs Kotlin — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Java 7 – – – – – – – – Java 8 ± – – + – – – – Groovy + ± + + + – + – Kotlin + + + + + + + +
Why not Groovy? — • Not statically typed: runtime bugs • Not statically typed: performance • Not statically typed: IDE support • No null safety 2. Problems Kotlin solves _91
What’s going on here — • What is Kotlin? • Problems Kotlin solves • Demo Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? _92
Example test project in Kotlin — • JUnit http://junit.org/junit4/ • Html Elements https://github.com/yandex-qatools/htmlelements • Allure Framework https://github.com/allure-framework/ • Gradle https://gradle.org/ • gradle-docker-plugin https://github.com/bmuschko/gradle-docker-plugin 3. Demo _93
https://github.com/leonsabr/seleniumcamp-kotlin-demo — 3. Demo _94 • Kotlin + { Gradle, JUnit, Selenium, Html Elements, Allure } = OK
https://github.com/leonsabr/seleniumcamp-kotlin-demo — 3. Demo _95 • Kotlin + { Gradle, JUnit, Selenium, Html Elements, Allure } • Java interoperability
https://github.com/leonsabr/seleniumcamp-kotlin-demo — 3. Demo _96 java kotlin ∆ main 670 434 35,2% test 92 84 8,7% total 762 518 32% • Kotlin + { Gradle, JUnit, Selenium, Html Elements, Allure } • Java interoperability • Conciseness (lines of code)
Useful links — • Reference http://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/ • List of Kotlin resources https://kotlin.link/ • Try Kotlin online http://try.kotl.in/ • Slack https://kotlinlang.slack.com/ _97
Thank you for your attention — jetbrains.com leonid.rudenko@jetbrains.com @leonsabr

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Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin

  • 1.
    Excuse me, sir, doyou have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? — Leonid Rudenko
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
    Why? — Selenium Camp 2016 #4Make Your Automation ier _4
  • 5.
    What’s going onhere — • What is Kotlin? • Problems Kotlin solves • Demo Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? _5
  • 6.
    What’s going onhere — • What is Kotlin? • Problems Kotlin solves • Demo Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? _6
  • 7.
    Kotlin is... — • JVMlanguage from JetBrains – Java 6+ 1. What is Kotlin? _7
  • 8.
    Kotlin is... — • JVMlanguage • Statically typed 1. What is Kotlin? _8
  • 9.
    Kotlin is... — • JVMlanguage • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm – OOP & functional 1. What is Kotlin? _9
  • 10.
    Kotlin is... — • JVMlanguage • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic 1. What is Kotlin? _10
  • 11.
    Kotlin is... — • JVMlanguage • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic 1. What is Kotlin? _11
  • 12.
    Kotlin is... — • JVMlanguage • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic • Safe 1. What is Kotlin? _12
  • 13.
    Kotlin is... — • JVMlanguage • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic • Safe • Concise 1. What is Kotlin? _13 Brevity is the sister of talent. - Anton Chekhov -
  • 14.
    Kotlin is... — • JVMlanguage • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic • Safe • Concise • Interoperable 1. What is Kotlin? _14
  • 15.
    Kotlin is... — • JVMlanguage • Statically typed • Multi-paradigm • Pragmatic • Democratic • Safe • Concise • Interoperable 1. What is Kotlin? _15
  • 16.
    Kotlin 1.0 — • 15Feb 2016 – backward compatibility 1. What is Kotlin? _16
  • 17.
    Kotlin 1.0 — • 15Feb 2016 • kotlinc, Intellij IDEA (plugin), Eclipse (plugin), NetBeans (plugin) 1. What is Kotlin? _17
  • 18.
    Kotlin 1.0 — • 15Feb 2016 • kotlinc, Intellij IDEA (plugin), Eclipse (plugin), NetBeans (plugin) • Open source https://github.com/jetbrains/kotlin 1. What is Kotlin? _18
  • 19.
    1. What isKotlin? _19
  • 20.
  • 21.
    Google Trends: Kotlin1y — 1. What is Kotlin? _21
  • 22.
    Google Trends: Kotlinvs Groovy 1y — 1. What is Kotlin? _22
  • 23.
    Where Kotlin isused — • JetBrains products 1. What is Kotlin? _23
  • 24.
    Where Kotlin isused — • JetBrains products • Android 1. What is Kotlin? _24
  • 25.
    Where Kotlin isused — • JetBrains products • Android • Server & Desktop 1. What is Kotlin? _25
  • 26.
    Where Kotlin isused — • JetBrains products • Android • Server & Desktop • Gradle 3.0 https://github.com/gradle/gradle-script-kotlin 1. What is Kotlin? _26
  • 27.
    Where Kotlin isused — • JetBrains products • Android • Server & Desktop • Gradle 3.0 • (Web) Test Automation 1. What is Kotlin? _27
  • 28.
    Test Automation: whyKotlin? — • Syntax similar to Java 1. What is Kotlin? _28
  • 29.
    Test Automation: whyKotlin? — • Syntax similar to Java • Clean test code Conciseness Easy to read == easy to understand Collective code ownership, effective code review 1. What is Kotlin? _29
  • 30.
    Test Automation: whyKotlin? — • Syntax similar to Java • Clean test code Conciseness Easy to read == easy to understand Collective code ownership, effective code review • Safe test code 1. What is Kotlin? _30
  • 31.
    What’s going onhere — • What is Kotlin? • Problems Kotlin solves • Demo Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? _31
  • 32.
    Kotlin features — • Extensionfunctions • Data classes • Lambda functions • Smart cast • Type inference • Null safety 2. Problems Kotlin solves _32
  • 33.
    1. Problem: Mapsand Lists in Java — // Java Map<Integer, Credentials> users = new HashMap<>(); users.put(1, new Credentials("vasya", "123456")); users.put(2, new Credentials("johny", "qwerty")); users.put(3, new Credentials("admin", "admin")); List<Integer> responseCodes = new ArrayList<>(); responseCodes.add(200); responseCodes.add(302); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _33
  • 34.
    1. Solution: Kotlincollections — // Kotlin val users = mapOf( 1 to Credentials("vasya", "123456"), 2 to Credentials("johny", "qwerty"), 3 to Credentials("admin", "admin")) val responseCodes = listOf(200, 302) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _34
  • 35.
    1. Collections: Map — //Kotlin val users = mapOf( 1 to Credentials("vasya", "123456"), 2 to Credentials("johny", "qwerty"), 3 to Credentials("admin", "admin")) Map<Integer, Credentials> new users.put(4, Credentials("...", "...")) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _35
  • 36.
    1. Collections: Traversinga map — // Java for (Map.Entry<Integer, Credentials> pair : users.entrySet()) { System.out.println(pair.getKey() + "->" + pair.getValue()); } // Kotlin for ((id, creds) in users) { println("$id->$creds") } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _36
  • 37.
    1. Collections: forEach,filters, sorting... — // Kotlin val link = driver.findElements("a").firstOrNull { it.text == "Selenium Camp" } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _37
  • 38.
    1. Collections: Java& Groovy — • Java 7 • Java 8 (Stream API) • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _38
  • 39.
    1. Collections: forEach,filters, sorting... — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _39 // Kotlin val link = driver.findElements("a").firstOrNull { it.text == "Selenium Camp" }
  • 40.
    2. Problem: frameworkcan’t do what you need it to do — // Java public static List<WebElement> findElements(WebDriver driver, String selector) { return driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)); } findElements(driver, "a"); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _40
  • 41.
    2. Problem: frameworkcan’t do what you need it to do — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _41
  • 42.
    2. Solution: Extensionfunctions — // Kotlin fun WebDriver.findElements(selector: String): List<WebElement>{ return this.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)) } driver.findElements("a") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _42
  • 43.
    2. Extension functions — //Kotlin fun WebDriver.findElements(selector: String): List<WebElement>{ return this.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)) } driver.findElements("a") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _43
  • 44.
    2. Extension functions — //Kotlin fun WebDriver.findElements(selector: String): List<WebElement>{ return this.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)) } driver.findElements("a") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _44
  • 45.
    2. Extension functions — //Kotlin fun WebDriver.findElements(selector: String): List<WebElement>{ return this.findElements(By.cssSelector(selector)) } driver.findElements("a") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _45
  • 46.
    2. Extension functions:Java & Groovy — • Java • Groovy (Extension Modules) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _46
  • 47.
    3. Problem: smallclasses are not small — // Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _47
  • 48.
    3. Problem: smallclasses are not small — // Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _48
  • 49.
    3. Problem: smallclasses are not small — // Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _49
  • 50.
    3. Problem: smallclasses are not small —// Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } @Override public String toString() { return username + '/' + password; } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _50
  • 51.
    3. Problem: smallclasses are not small —// Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } @Override public String toString() { return username + '/' + password; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Credentials that = (Credentials) o; if (username != null ? !username.equals(that.username) : that.username != null) return false; return password != null ? password.equals(that.password) : that.password == null; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = username != null ? username.hashCode() : 0; return 31 * result + (password != null ? password.hashCode() : 0); } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _51
  • 52.
    3. Problem: 27lines —// Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } @Override public String toString() { return username + '/' + password; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Credentials that = (Credentials) o; if (username != null ? !username.equals(that.username) : that.username != null) return false; return password != null ? password.equals(that.password) : that.password == null; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = username != null ? username.hashCode() : 0; return 31 * result + (password != null ? password.hashCode() : 0); } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _52
  • 53.
    3. Solution: directto Kotlin – 18 lines —// Java public class Credentials { private final String username; private final String password; public Credentials(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } @Override public String toString() { return username + '/' + password; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Credentials that = (Credentials) o; if (username != null ? !username.equals(that.username) : that.username != null) return false; return password != null ? password.equals(that.password) : that.password == null; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = username != null ? username.hashCode() : 0; return 31 * result + (password != null ? password.hashCode() : 0); } } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _53 // Kotlin class Credentials { private val username: String private val password: String constructor(username: String, password: String) { this.username = username this.password = password } fun getUsername(): String { return username } fun getPassword(): String { return password } override fun toString() = username + '/' + password override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean { if (this === other) return true if (other?.javaClass != javaClass) return false other as Credentials return username == other.username && password == other.password } override fun hashCode() = 31 * username.hashCode() + password.hashCode() }
  • 54.
    3. Solution: removegetters – 16 lines —// Kotlin class Credentials { val username: String val password: String constructor(username: String, password: String) { this.username = username this.password = password } //fun getUsername(): String { return username } //fun getPassword(): String { return password } override fun toString() = username + '/' + password override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean { if (this === other) return true if (other?.javaClass != javaClass) return false other as Credentials return username == other.username && password == other.password } override fun hashCode() = 31 * username.hashCode() + password.hashCode() } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _54
  • 55.
    3. Solution: primaryconstructor – 10 lines —// Kotlin class Credentials(val username: String, val password: String) { //val username: String //val password: String //constructor(username: String, password: String) { // this.username = username // this.password = password //} override fun toString() = username + '/' + password override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean { if (this === other) return true if (other?.javaClass != javaClass) return false other as Credentials return username == other.username && password == other.password } override fun hashCode() = 31 * username.hashCode() + password.hashCode() } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _55
  • 56.
    3. Solution: dataclass – 1 line — // Kotlin data class Credentials(val username: String, val password: String) { //override fun toString() = username + '/' + password //override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean { // if (this === other) return true // if (other?.javaClass != javaClass) return false // other as Credentials // return username == other.username && password == other.password //} //override fun hashCode() = 31 * username.hashCode() + password.hashCode() } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _56
  • 57.
    3. Solution: Kotlindata classes — // Kotlin data class Credentials(val username: String, val password: String) val creds = Credentials("a", "b") println(creds.username) // a creds.username = "you can't do that" println(creds) // Credentials(username=a, password=b) println(creds == Credentials("a", "b")) // true 2. Problems Kotlin solves _57
  • 58.
    3. Solution: Kotlindata classes — // Kotlin data class Credentials(val username: String, val password: String) { override fun toString(): String { return "$username/$password" } } println(Credentials("one", "two")) // one/two 2. Problems Kotlin solves _58
  • 59.
    3. Data classes:Java & Groovy — • Java (Lombok https://projectlombok.org/) • Groovy (@groovy.transform.Canonical) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _59
  • 60.
    4. Problem: stepsin Allure report — // Java driver.findElement("button").click(); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _60
  • 61.
    4. Problem: stepsin Allure report — // Java @Step("Click the button") public void clickButton() { driver.findElement("button").click(); } clickButton(); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _61
  • 62.
    4. Solution: stepsin Allure report — // Java 8 @Step("{0}") public void step(String title, Runnable code) { code.run(); } step("Click the button", () -> { driver.findElement("button").click(); }); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _62
  • 63.
    4. Solution: stepsin Allure report — // Kotlin @Step("{0}") fun step(title: String, code: () -> Any) = code() step("Click the button") { driver.findElement("button").click() } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _63
  • 64.
    4. Solution: justcompare — // Java 8 step("Click the button", () -> { // your code here }); // Kotlin step("Click the button") { // your code here } 2. Problems Kotlin solves _64
  • 65.
    4. Steps inAllure report: Java & Groovy — • Java 7 • Java 8 • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _65
  • 66.
    5. Problem: checkedexceptions — // Java URLDecoder.decode(param, "UTF-8"); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _66
  • 67.
    // Java URLDecoder.decode(param, "UTF-8"); //Kotlin URLDecoder.decode(param, "UTF-8") 5. Solution: no checked exceptions — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _67
  • 68.
    5. Checked exceptions:Java & Groovy — • Java • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _68
  • 69.
    6. Problem: uncheckedcast — // Java Object results = ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("..."); 2. Problems Kotlin solves _69
  • 70.
    // Java Object results =((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("..."); if (results instanceof List) { List<String> list = ((List<Object>) results) .stream() .filter(String.class::isInstance) .map(String.class::cast) .collect(toList()); } 6. Problem: unchecked cast — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _70
  • 71.
    // Java Object results =((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("..."); if (results instanceof List) { List<String> list = ((List<Object>) results) } 6. Problem: unchecked cast — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _71
  • 72.
    // Kotlin val results =(driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript("...") if (results is List<*>) { val list = results.filterIsInstance<String>() } 6. Solution: Kotlin smart cast — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _72
  • 73.
    // Kotlin val results =(driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript("...") if (results is List<*>) { val list = results.filterIsInstance<String>() } 6. Solution: Kotlin smart cast — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _73
  • 74.
    6. Unchecked cast:Java & Groovy — • Java • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _74
  • 75.
    7. Problem: Javais verbose — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _75
  • 76.
    7. Solution: Kotlinsyntactic sugar — // Java actualText.equals(expectedText) // Kotlin actualText == expectedText 2. Problems Kotlin solves _76
  • 77.
    7. Solution: Stringtemplates — // Java String s = "date: " + date + " and author: " + USER.getName(); String s = format("date: %s and author: %s", date, USER.getName()); // Kotlin val s = "date: $date and author: ${USER.name}" 2. Problems Kotlin solves _77
  • 78.
    7. Solution: ranges — //Java for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i += 2) // Kotlin for (i in 0..10 step 2) 2. Problems Kotlin solves _78
  • 79.
    7. Solution: Kotlinrich standard library — // Java !list.isEmpty() // Kotlin list.isNotEmpty() 2. Problems Kotlin solves _79
  • 80.
    7. Solution: Kotlintype inference — // Java final int i = 0; final String s = "abc"; final List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); // Kotlin val i = 0 val s = "abc" val list = listOf("a", "b", "c") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _80
  • 81.
    7. Verbosity: Java& Groovy — • Java • Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _81
  • 82.
  • 83.
    8. Solution: Nullsafety — var username: String username = null // compilation error 2. Problems Kotlin solves _83
  • 84.
    8. Null safety — varusername: String username = null // compilation error var username: String? username = null // ok 2. Problems Kotlin solves _84
  • 85.
    8. Null safety — varusername: String // non-nullable String username = null var username: String? // nullable String username = null 2. Problems Kotlin solves _85
  • 86.
    8. Null safety:safe call — var username: String? = "Vasya" var count = username.length // compilation error 2. Problems Kotlin solves _86
  • 87.
    8. Null safety:safe call — var username: String? = "Vasya" var count = username?.length // ok, count is 5 username = null var count = username?.length // ok, count is null 2. Problems Kotlin solves _87
  • 88.
    8. Null safety:Elvis operator — input.sendKeys(username ?: "Guest") var images = findAllImagesOnPage() ?: throw AssertionError("No images") 2. Problems Kotlin solves _88 ?:
  • 89.
    8. Null safety:Java & Groovy — • Null safety: Java (Optional<T> in Java8), Groovy • Safe call: Java, Groovy • Elvis operator: Java, Groovy 2. Problems Kotlin solves _89
  • 90.
    Java vs Groovyvs Kotlin — 2. Problems Kotlin solves _90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Java 7 – – – – – – – – Java 8 ± – – + – – – – Groovy + ± + + + – + – Kotlin + + + + + + + +
  • 91.
    Why not Groovy? — •Not statically typed: runtime bugs • Not statically typed: performance • Not statically typed: IDE support • No null safety 2. Problems Kotlin solves _91
  • 92.
    What’s going onhere — • What is Kotlin? • Problems Kotlin solves • Demo Excuse me, sir, do you have a moment to talk about tests in Kotlin? _92
  • 93.
    Example test projectin Kotlin — • JUnit http://junit.org/junit4/ • Html Elements https://github.com/yandex-qatools/htmlelements • Allure Framework https://github.com/allure-framework/ • Gradle https://gradle.org/ • gradle-docker-plugin https://github.com/bmuschko/gradle-docker-plugin 3. Demo _93
  • 94.
    https://github.com/leonsabr/seleniumcamp-kotlin-demo — 3. Demo _94 •Kotlin + { Gradle, JUnit, Selenium, Html Elements, Allure } = OK
  • 95.
    https://github.com/leonsabr/seleniumcamp-kotlin-demo — 3. Demo _95 •Kotlin + { Gradle, JUnit, Selenium, Html Elements, Allure } • Java interoperability
  • 96.
    https://github.com/leonsabr/seleniumcamp-kotlin-demo — 3. Demo _96 javakotlin ∆ main 670 434 35,2% test 92 84 8,7% total 762 518 32% • Kotlin + { Gradle, JUnit, Selenium, Html Elements, Allure } • Java interoperability • Conciseness (lines of code)
  • 97.
    Useful links — • Referencehttp://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/ • List of Kotlin resources https://kotlin.link/ • Try Kotlin online http://try.kotl.in/ • Slack https://kotlinlang.slack.com/ _97
  • 98.
    Thank you for yourattention — jetbrains.com leonid.rudenko@jetbrains.com @leonsabr