The document discusses urine formation and kidney failure. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid are removed from the blood through urine as the kidneys filter waste and regulate mineral levels. When the kidneys fail, conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, or alcohol abuse can be causes, and treatments include kidney transplants or dialysis to mimic kidney functions and clean the blood. Dialysis can be done via hemodialysis using a machine to filter blood outside the body or peritoneal dialysis which filters blood inside the body using the lining of the abdomen.

9. Urine
Formation
Urea, creatinine & uric acid are
removed from the body through
urine.
Blood leaving the kidneys = lower
concentration of mineral salts and
nitrogenous waste products than
when it enters the kidney.
Types:
Ultrafiltration: caused by high
hydrostatic blood pressure.
Selective reabsorption: returns
useful substances to the blood.

10. HUMAN URI-
NARY SYS-
TEM

11. Kidney
Failure
Kidneys are osmoregulators.
What happens when the kidney
fails?
-High blood pressure
-Diabetes
-Alcohol abuse

12. Treatment
A.Kidney Transplant
B.Dialysis
Dialysis machine = mimics the
functions of a kidney. Helps to
clean the patient’s blood from
metabloic waste products and
toxins.

13. DIALYSIS MACHINE

14. Types:
A.Hemodialysis
Uses a machine to filter your
blood outside your body.
B. Peritoneal:
Uses the lining of the abdomen,
belly to filter your blood inside
your body.