Example Of A Research Essay

Examples Of A Mixed Method Study
A mixed method study would be an ideal research method to examine school bullying. I am
interested in reducing school bullying. A mixed method study uses qualitative and quantitative data.
This research could include a quantitative survey and could also implicate qualitative interviews or
focus groups. Quantitative surveys for example, can help the investigator to conclude that students
who score low on their exams are the same students who are victims of bullying. Qualitative
interviews for instance, can assist the researcher to know about the student's feeling about bullying.
In addition, interviewing the parents and teachers can assist the investigator to know more about the
students who are being bullied and conclude a solution to the problem.
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Methodology of Research Essay examples
Methodology of Research
The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a
structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the
questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of
all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and
hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need
for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If
the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more
and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content...
Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to
obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions,
whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer
amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of
my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have
received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant
tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I
have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease.
Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the
effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define
what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a
mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that

home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the
household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By
asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower
and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I

Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
Research questions are formulated in a study to inquire about variables, both independent and
dependent variables, and the relationship between them. Research questions are categorized into two,
that is, qualitative and quantitative research questions. Qualitative questions are used in qualitative
research like case studies, surveys and action research where the approach is non–numerical and
analyses special phenomena that occur in nature. Quantitative research on the other hand is more of
a systematic approach with measurable numerical quantities that go through analysis to prove a
hypothesis. Finally, the research hypothesis is either approved or disapproved with regards to the
results of the analysis (Laureate Online Education B.V....show more content...
It must be logical, and provide a concrete base for any differences between the variables. It must
also be simple and clear.
A hypothesis can state the following: there exists a positive relationship between employee
performance and flexible working hours. Whereas a research question could generally be: do
flexible working hours affect workers productivity? You can clearly see that the hypothesis states
clearly and it is more specific in its prediction unlike the research question (eNotes.com, Inc 2011).
Hypothesis is typically used in quantitative research only. Moreover, when a question poses an
inquiry on the relationship between two variables, a hypothesis is a statement declarative in nature
of the relationship between different variables (Pajares 2007). A researcher chooses whether to use a
question or a hypothesis depending on the purpose of the research, its objectives, the methodology
for the research and the preference of the audience to receive the research. A researcher must be able
to interpret the final outcome with reference to the research questions or the hypothesis used
(Pajares 2007). A research requires a minimum of two hypotheses namely a null and an alternative
hypothesis.
So, somebody can make a certain observation and come up with a hypothesis about how and why a
phenomenon occurs the way it is. Hypothesis could be

Example Of Search Strategy
Search strategy Three data bases were used to collect the data, namely, One Search, CINAHL and
ProQuest. These data bases were searched for the terms such as 'cardiac rehabilitation', 'quality of
life,' 'benefits', and 'CHD'. Inclusion criteria were qualitative articles, written in English and
published between the years of 2010 and 2017. Quantitative articles and articles written in
non–English languages are excluded from this study. Moreover, this study focused only on adults,
therefore the paediatric studies are also excluded from this study. After applying the inclusion and
exclusion strategy, 12 articles reported qualitative study regarding the topic and they are used in this
essay. Data analysis Braun and Clarke (2006) developed a...show more content...
1.1a ExercisePhysical inactivity is one of the modifiable risk factor for the coronary heart diseases
(Devries et al, 2011), and therefore exercise is used as an integral component of the primary and
secondary prevention in reducing mortality and improving the quality of life. Upon reviewing the
literature, the author found that, patients' perspective about physical exercise differs widely. In their
study Holder et al (2015) found that, the increased awareness of the mortality after the cardiac event,
help the patients to change their outlook towards life and this further help them to realise the health
benefit of exercise. In addition to that, some of the patients claimed that, exercise helped to divert
their mind and thus helps them to cope with the condition (Holder et al, 2015). Moreover, the
current cardiac rehabilitation programme, made the patients aware of the health benefits of exercise
and, therefore they were motivated to continue the exercise (Hillsdon et al, 2013; Morken et al,
2013). Exercising in a safe environment, under the supervision of the trained staff increases the
confidence of patients in participating exercise (Morken et al, 2013). The study also found that, the
patient increases their self–confidence level in performing exercise, after seeing the health
improvements in the former cardiac patients (Morken et al, 2013). Furthermore, Back et al (2017)
carried a further study to evaluate

Research Experience
I have proactively engaged in research activity throughout my undergraduate program. I had my first
research experience in Dr. B Anand's lab, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati, during my
second year. The aim of the project was to study the non–fluorescent beta–barrel structured proteins
and engineer its amino acid sequence to make them into fluorescent ones. Our approach was mainly
based upon the studies of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from a jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Tools
like Python programming language, Gromacs, Ribosome, PROSS, and Pymol were used to study
the structural components of non–fluorescent proteins. I gained invaluable...show more content...
I was challenged with cloning ydeH gene into the pJT118 plasmids which are green light sensitive.
The ydeH gene produces a protein named diguanylate cyclase, which induces the production of
c–di–GMP in Rosetta strain. This project gave me an opportunity to participate and win silver at
International Bio–molecular design competition (BIOMOD) 2012 held at Wyss Institute, Harvard
University, USA. Most of the molecular genetic techniques were extensively used in my project.
During this internship, apart from gaining deeper technical experience, I realized that I could work
on a research problem with a certain degree of independence, figuring out right approaches and
proposing useful experiments. I acquired more confidence in my aptitude for research and it has
been boosted while working on my undergraduate projects.
As a part of my undergraduate thesis, I worked on a project 'Extraction and analysis of beauvericin,
a mycotoxin produced by Beauveria bassiana and its cytotoxic effects on the SF–21 (immortalized
pupal ovarian cells isolated from Spodoptera frugiperda) cell line' under the guidance of Dr.
Gurvinder Kaur Saini, IIT Guwahati. Beauvericin metabolite was extracted from the Beauveria
bassiana isolates UB17 and UB21, by using n–hexane extraction method and the presence of
beauvericin was analyzed and confirmed with High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and
Mass spectroscopy (MS). Cytotoxic

Sampling Methods Essay
Sampling is the framework on which any form of research is carried out. A suitable sample that
meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a research design must be chosen from a given
population to carry out studies. In this essay comparison is made between stratified random
sampling and convenience sampling. The population on which the researcher is interested in
carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable sample which can represent the
population in correct proportion must be chosen. Restraints such as limitation of time, resources and
many other factors necessitate the selection of a sample for research purpose so that better quality
data is obtained from it and that the researcher can make statement about...show more content...
The methodological strength and weaknesses of this two sampling methods is discussed in terms of
identifying the samples for research, the representativeness it possesses to the general population, the
methods and the outcome. Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling where the selection
of sampling unit is left to a random process, all units in the sample has an equal and non–zero
chance of being selected on a probability ground or chance and not on the choice or judgement of
the researcher (Sim,J and Wright,C. 2000,). Convenience sampling is an example of non probability
sampling where the selection of the units is not by chance, rather it is dependent on the researcher's
judgement, the researcher decides the samples to be included in the study which may be subject to
availability, time, individual preferences etc. The probability of selection of a particular sampling
unit may or may not be known. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative
researches. When the samples reflect the characteristics of the target population in the same
proportion; assumptions can be made on generalizing the data acquired from these samples provided
it has been done correctly, since it is statistically representative (Sim,J and wright,C.,2000) but
sampling error

The Purpose Of Research Design Essay
Research Design
Wanda Joy Connally
Ohio Christian University
November 21, 2016
The purpose of research design is to make certain that the information acquired allows one to
consolidate the various elements of a study in a logical and comprehensive manner to effectively
address a research problem. There are three types of research design: qualitative, quantitative, and
mixed methods research. Each of these methods possesses a different value, but despite the purpose
of the research, the method is similar.
The least understood type of company research is qualitative research. This type of research is used
to aid in understanding or exploring an identified issue and/or concern with customers and/or users.
Its value is to help companies understand the habits and emotions of customers and/or users in
relationship to the company's products. This, in turn, will help a company identify how or what
determines the customer's decision. These type of studies are based on one–on–one customer
interviews. An example of qualitative research would be a department store that has more women
shoppers than men. To find out why this is occurring the department store would interview a sample
of potential men shoppers to determine why they are not patronizing their department store. Some of
the reasons could be the store is not stocking enough products suitable for men, the store displays the
image of a women's store, and/or the store has all female employees which can be uncomfortable

Research Critique Essay example
Table of contents Page Quantitative Article Critique of Nursing Research1 Problem Statement
/Purpose1 Literature Review2 Limitations of the Study2 Hypothesis/Research Question3
Operational Definitions/Definition of Terms4 Research Design5 Setting, Population and Sample5
Data Collection Methods/Instruments6 Data Analysis, Findings, Implications, & Recommendations
7 References8 Quantitative Article Critique of Nursing Research The article selected for review in
this investigation is entitled "Perioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting: Effects of
metabolic syndrome and patient's sex." The...show more content...
The presence of acute coronary syndrome in some patients served to increase lipid output, making it
difficult to clearly determine lipid disorders in some patients. This is an issue of concern because
high lipid levels are a hallmark for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Hypothesis/Research
Question A careful review of the information provided by the authors demonstrates that a definitive
hypothesis or research question is not directly stated in the investigation. Rather, at the conclusion of
the introduction/literature review, the authors note that "For these reasons, this study was conducted
to examine the incidence of metabolic syndrome in CABG patients and to determine if metabolic
syndrome and/or the patient's sex affect clinical outcomes in the perioperative setting" (p. 469).
Based on the direction of the literature review and previous studies reviewed by the authors, the
reader can imply that the research questions seek to determine the impact of CABG on patients with
metabolic syndrome and the hypothesis is that gender will have some impact on the specific
outcomes which result for patients in this particular group. Operational Definitions/Definition of
Terms Operational definitions used in the study include: metabolic syndrome, coronary artery bypass
graft surgery and gender. Data for the investigation was reviewed by patient gender–i.e. male or
female. In addition, all patients included in the study had undergone coronary

Examples Of Thematic Analysis
In this research, thematic analysis s used to analyze the interpretive ethnographic data, which,
according to Braun and Clarke (2006,p,79) is:'a method for identifying, analyzing and reporting
patterns within data.' Thus, thematic analysis uncovers themes in a text and constructs a web–like
network to facilitate the structuring and interpretation of there themes. Braun and Clarke (ibid.)
explained, the thematic data analysis process consists of six phases: (i) become familiar with the
data; (ii) generating initial codes; (iii) searching for themes; (iv) reviewing themes; (v) defining and
naming themes; and (vi) producing the report. The reason for using thematic analysis first,is based
upon Braun and Clarke (2006) it is a useful research tool,...show more content...
According to M Finn, Elliott–White, M Walton (2000, 67–90). 'The word 'ethnography' means a
description of people or their culture'Ethnography is the study of social interactions, behaviors, and
perceptions that occur within groups, teams, organizations, and communities. Taft (1988, p. 59 )
explains, ethnographic research consists essentially of a description of events that occur within the
life of a group, with special regard to social structures and the behavior of the individuals with respect
to their group membership, and an interpretation of the meaning of these for the culture of the group.
Ethnography is associated with the different ways of observing perceiving and understanding the
process in worldly manner.Selecting and applying rules for the 'world view'in order to defining and
giving meaning to situations in which they find themselves for justifying their actions.This
ethnography is used both to record primary data and to interpret its meaning. (1988:59) Goetz and Le
Compte, supported (1984:3), Hence, ethnographic research is about human groups. Ethnographic
research study the description and interpretation based on social structure and individual

Applied Research Essay example
Applied Research Experimental and descriptive research designs, statistics, and inferences in
psychological settings and methods differ in many ways yet have similar qualities. All psychological
research follows ethical codes and regulations. Each type of experiment discussed contains
similarities and differences. The importance of each research method for individuals and societies
varies according to the need addressed in creating the project. Beneficial interventions and
treatments are developed from the cause and effect of many research projects. Validity concerns
become a vital part of each research project. The use of descriptive and inferential statistics for
maintaining accuracy controls usually involves the use of an analysis...show more content...
(2009). Inferential statistics try to find a significant effect of the independent variable on the
dependent variable by standard percent margins set for approval in accuracy. Descriptive statistics
strive to describe large sample populations as to the proportion of a given variable existing in that
sample. Inferential statistics are more generalized in describing the variable as to the population
being represented by the sample. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are used side by side in
analyzing research data. Descriptive data gives a nice picture image of the information on hand and
inferential data gives a more significant indication of how much effect the independent variable had
on the dependent variable. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used to confirm the information
or data from a research study correct. Any error of variances or systematic variances in the data
indicating error warrants confirmation by inferential statistics methods. The benefit for any
interventions or treatments relying on inferential statistics for accuracy remains great. The effect of
an independent variable on the dependent variable makes all the difference in the validity of a
research study.
Single–Case and Small–N Designs Single–case and small–N research designs both study individuals
not groups. The small–n design tries to find cause and effect on individuals by assessing the
reactions when applying single treatments and

Quantitative Research Article Critique This paper is an academic critique of an article written by
Lautrette, et al. (2007) titled: "A Communication Strategy and Brochure for Relatives of Patients
Dying in the ICU" and accurately reflected the content of the article and the research study itself.
The abstract explained the article in more detail, while remaining concise. The type of research
study, sample size, variables, intervention, measurement method, findings, and conclusion were all
mentioned in the abstract.
Statement of the Problem
The problem explored in the article was stated as a problem statement. In this article, the authors
explain about the stressful situations of families having loved ones...show more content...
A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted during the study. One family member per
patient was assessed over the telephone 90 days after the patient's death. The measurements collected
include the symptoms related to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other significant
symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Study Variables For this study patient families were randomly assigned to the intervention or control
group. In the control group the interactions between the family and ICU staff, including the
end–of–life conference, occurred according to the usual practices and policies in the hospital;
whereas in the intervention group, the research study was conducted according to specific
guidelines. A bereavement information leaflet was given to each surrogate decision maker. In this
research, the independent variable can be the type of family conference received by the surrogates
and the dependent variables were the level of stress, anxiety, and depression levels indicated in the
90–day follow–up interview.
Conceptual Model / Theoretical framework In this research study, authors chose to relate the
research article to Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. Roy's adaptation model can be applied in
this study because of the family member's opportunity

Qualitative Research Evaluation Essay
EVALUATION DATA RESEARCH
Qualitative research seeks to answer the "why" and not the "how" of the research project that is
being conducted, this is done through a complex system of analyzing unstructured information such
as survey's , questionnaires, interviews, interview transcripts, open end survey's, focus groups,
observations, emails, notes, video's, feed back forms and photo's; most of the time a qualitative
report won't depend on statistical evidence alone it must be accompanied by detailed facts and
proven facts and not hypotheses or in accurate data, this can lead to misunderstanding of data
findings and can through the whole aim of the research project off and waste valuable time.
A qualitative research project is mainly used...show more content...
According to (Bamberger, et, al, 2006) the purpose of the interview is to elicit information about and
from the stakeholders experience, perceptions, and meanings, this is critical in a qualitative research
project it helps to understand what is being asked of the stakeholder. Interview data also incorporates
the stakeholders personal perspective, and gives confirmation of the data through direct observation,
or from other stakeholders involved in the research project; by eliciting the input of observation data
this helps to confirm to the researcher the intent of the stakeholder, it also shows their behavior, and
their personal meaning. Documentary and artifactual data includes texts, photos, and other tangible
items from the site that they are being collected from, analyzed and reviewed. By reviewing the
documents artifacts and materials of a culture provides the researcher with an unobtrusive method of
gaining information and may offer other forms of information that's unavailable from any other data
source. According to (Bamberger, et, al, 2006) journals, artifacts, photo's and artwork may provide
information of occurrences that have happened before the evaluators arrival. As in all research
projects documents and artifacts include the perspective and the biases of their human creator,
therefore each item must be considered

Ethics in Research Essay
Ethics in Research
Research is one of the most successful means of obtaining a wide variety of information concerning
limited or broad topics. However, abundant as this information may be, it is important to maintain an
ethical outlook to all research topics. As research and its subsequent experimentations advance in
light of new generations, the idea of ethics becomes a more prominent issue. Researchers must be
aware of the conflicts that their research may bring about. They must know how to address their
findings in a moral way appealing to the pro and cons. Researchers can not simply accumulate data.
Coupled with data is the process of analysis, where researchers manipulate their findings...show more
content...
According to the National Institute of Health, stem cells are unique cells created from embryos for
infertility purposes usually through the process of in vitro fertilization (Institute on Health). Stems
cells have two important characteristics that differentiate them from other types of cells. One is that
they are unspecialized cells that rejuvenate themselves through cell division. The other is that, under
certain conditions, they can be induced to become certain specialized cells (Institute on Health).
For certain people this is life saving news. Now that cells can be specialized under these
unspecialized stem cells, a patient can receive new heart cells for a diseased heart or many other life
threatening diseases (Institute on Health). This information can be used in a variety of useful ways,
but is it morally right to create embryos only to destroy them? Are these potential humans that could
help them world in some other way? This is the perspective of many people fighting against
stem–cell research. These activists claim that stem–cell research plays against the will of God.
Moreover, if stem cell research is legalized world–wide, who is to say that people will use it only to
benefit the curing of disease? Is it possible that people will become careless and more susceptible to
disease only to receive stem cells to

Systematic Review Essay examples
Systematic Review
NUR/518
University of Phoenix
Systematic Review The purpose of a systematic review is to attempt to find, evaluate and synthesize
high quality research relevant to the research question. A systematic review uses carefully
developed data collection and sampling procedures that are put in place in advance as a protocol.
(Polit, 2012). A systematic review must contain the following: a clear inclusion and exclusion
criteria, an explicit search strategy, systematic coding and analysis of included studies, and a
meta–analysis if possible. (Hemingway & Brereton, 2009). Systematic reviews are conducted by
nurse researchers to avoid reaching incorrect or misleading conclusions that...show more content...
(Bae, 2011).
Seven studies used the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index to measure nurse
working conditions, one used the Work Environment Survey, and the remaining three used a variety
of instruments from prior studies.
In examining the association between working conditions and patient outcomes, the eleven studies
contained a total of fourteen different patient outcome variables. The association between autonomy
and patient outcomes were examined in two studies. Six studies measure the philosophy
emphasizing the quality of clinical care and the association with patient outcomes.
Nurse participation was examined in regards to the relationship between nurse participator and the
patient outcomes, as well as the association between supportive managers and patient outcomes.
Other areas that were examined were collaborative relationships with physicians, supportive
relationships with peers, staffing and decentralization, patient–centered climate and busyness.
The findings of this systematic review suggest that evidence supporting a positive relationship
between better nurse working conditions and improved patient outcomes is

Three Descriptive Research Methods Essay
One of of three methods used for descriptive research is the case study. The case study method is
the oldest form of research used in psychology today. To help you better understand what case
studies are I would recommend you think of an individual person case. Case study is when
someone studies one person to explain things that happen for all of us. Basically applying the
outcome to all people ; one representing all. Case studies will describe your behavior. In present
day we have noticed that although the individual cases may be accurate, it only applies to that one
person. There will always be a conflict of interest because what may happen to one person does not
necessarily happen to the next. For example you may say that after...show more content...
This type of research gathers information from a large group of people. It will be not go into depth
as much as the case study might and involves many cases. As an example think of making you own
survey and distributing it out to various amounts of people, gathering the information and
conducting you hypothesis. We are constantly asked to participate in surveys whether its an
internet advertisement or a class handout from the college you attend. When asking you question
you have to be careful as to how you word the question. The words you choose may influence a
participant to lean toward a certain side. You may sound biased toward one issue which will effect
you survey and hypothesis. Using random sampling allows researcher to have a fair representation
of the subjects under study. Every person has an equal chance of participating. I would use this
method with very larger groups of people. Ex. school. The last from of research would be naturalistic
observation. Basically watching and recording the behavior of different subjects in the natural
environment.Much of the reality shows today could be considered a form of naturalistic observation.
Pending on how much the program actually interferes with the subject , they allow for an interesting
hypothesis. This research will describe the behavior of an subject. Now that we have the information
from the research we can evaluate the differences and similarities. When the research reveals that one

WhatВґs Market Research? Essay examples
Market research is a process which companies, industries and organisations carry out to gather,
analyse and interpret information gathered from the market. Market research can research about a
new product that is going to sell on the market or an existing product and get to know existing and
future customers spending habits and their preference. Besides, market research also involves
research on competitors business owner face. A successful market research is a market research that
can collect accurate information from the market because accurate information help business owner
to make the right decisions and thus it helps them to make more profit.
Basically market research can be identified into four main class of study. First is...show more
content...
There are five steps to carry out market research. Market research start with defining objectives
that is to identify the end result that needs to be achieved. Next is developing the sample. This is
to determine the group which can provide us answers that are related to our research for example
if we want to make a market research about education then we can find a target group of parents,
teachers and students. If we want to a do a market research about health care then our target
group might be doctors and patients. Next is to develop questions. Developing questions is a
very important part as the questions asked should not be biased in order to collect useful and
accurate information. A biased question is a question that directly or indirectly force the user to
choose the answers. For example a question ask "do you want money?". Then this is a biased
question because all of us will choose "want" therefore it has force people to the answer. The next
step is collecting data. Collecting data can be carry out by giving out surveys through phone, web,
mails, face to face interviews and others. There are many factors that can affect the choice of
choosing the way of collecting examples are research objectives, cost and timing. The last step is
analysing results. This is the most important steps as it is all about understanding and interpreting
what the data collected revealed.
Market research can be divided into two types of research. The first type of

Experimental Research Designs Essay
Experimental Research Designs
"A correlational study determines whether or not two variables are correlated. This means to study
whether there is an increase or decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase or decrease in
the other variable" (Cherry, 2012). In most correlation studies there is a relationship between both
variables that had a change, while in others there wasn't necessarily causation between the two
(Cherry, 2012).
An experimental design is one in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable to
observe its effect the dependent variable. When conducting an experiment the researcher will use
random assignment of the participants into a control group and the other the group that is being
experimented on....show more content...
The review is an examination of the literature that was gathered, pointing toward the answer of the
research question. Literature reviewed typically includes journals, books, government databases and
other sources. Sometimes it includes newspapers, magazines, films, and audio or video research
(Literature Review, 2011). This is going over the literature that has been gathered and picking what
is relevant to the hypothesis in the first place.
Design the research methodology. o Research methodology is where you describe how you are
gonna gather information and this can be survey interview or literature review. And then you
explain each method what are they, what you will do to them. A survey is really good for research
using statistics and literature review is great for all kinds of research.
Determine the results. o The data from an experiment has been gathered, the researchers then
compare the results to the control group and determine if the experiment was effective (Cherry,
2012). A good example of this is when a pharmaceutical company does research on certain types of
new medicine. They used a control group that uses a placebo and the other group takes the medicine
that is being researched. They then compare the results and this experiment can be taken several
ways.
Reach conclusions. o Once all the data is collected and the study is designed, the information is
examined and conclusions

Research Methods Essay
Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow
a process system that involved defining a principle of research.
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research
often involves a subjective element. There are differences designs in qualitative research in
comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects;
Quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects
view their world. In quantitative research the researcher uses precise measurement to predict
hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content...
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem
by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a
problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets
qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is
holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to
specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research
"is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a
holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a
natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative
research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers
evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that trustworthiness could be judged
by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability.
For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and
transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative research report. In order to prevent
researcher bias they can have other researchers point out

Essay on Market Research
Market Research
Market research, one of the key factors to a businesses success in its industry. The primary function
of market research is to identify the customers needs and views, also allows a business to access
thorough information of the industry it's planning to work within, it also allows the company once
its analysed the information to adjust how its run to cope with demand and other aspects which
could affect the outcome of their profits at the end. Market research can be carried out through
primary research, secondary research or both. It is also the promotion of the product/service, which
a company is selling; promotion is vital to a company's success due to the fact that, if the...show more
content...
Other methods of carrying out primary research include "test marketing" a new or service in a
particular area of the country, using a test panel or setting up a consumer panel. For the survey to
be valid the sample surveyed must be large enough to give significant results and it must be focused
on a key audience/customer. It all depends on the product or service being surveyed.
Secondary Research
Secondary or desk research is the use of existing, already collected data. This could be anything
from Department of Trade and Industry reports to a company's sale statistics. Also company reports,
government statistics, and surveys published by research organisations can be used as secondary
sources of information. Desk research is quicker and cheaper than field/secondary research, but
findings are not necessarily accurate or always relevant to your product.
In the results from the research of what a business has collected is vital to the businesses survival
and the difference between whether it makes a loss or profit. The results are usually used in product
development or the business aims to work around what they have found out and adapt to customers
needs and the industry.
Promotion
Promotion is also a key area of marketing. Promotion is the process of how a business raises
awareness of its product, many different techniques

Example Of A Research Essay

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