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The lymphatic system is derived from the mesoderm germ layer. It includes the spleen and transports lymph from the lower extremities via lymph vessels, nodes, trunks, and ducts to the subclavian vein. The lymphatic system develops from the circulatory system during embryogenesis. Elephantiasis is an infection of the lymph vessels, often caused by the worm Wuchereria bancrofti. The document questions trace the flow of lymph through the body and identify the lymph nodes associated with drainage from different body regions.
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Chapter 22 Lymphatic System and Immunity
1. The lymphatic system differs from the cardiovascular system in that
a. the lymphatic system only carries fluid away from tissues.
b. the lymphatic vessels have their own "pump" to assist flow.
c. lymph capillaries do not contain any fluid.
d. lymph capillaries allow free movement of fluid in and out of the capillaries.
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a. self antigens
b. foreign antigens
c. foreign antibodies
d. auto antigens
e. plasma proteins
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a. B cell clones.
b. extracellular antigens.
c. the displaying cell.
d. mature red blood cells.
e. the virus inside the cell, but not the cell.
7. Once cytotoxic T cells are produced, which of the following is (are) consistent with their ability to attack intracellular viruses?
a. Most nucleated cells process antigens through the MHC class I mechanisms.
b. Viral antigens are processed by the MHC class I mechanism and are presented to the cell surface.
c. Cytotoxic T cells bind to MHC class I processed antigens.
d. Cytotoxic T cells bound to the MHC class I processed antigens release lymphokines.
e. All of these choices are correct.
8. Cytotoxic T cells
a. produce antibodies for general circulation.
b. attach to the surface of cells causing them to lyse.
c. cause precipitation of antigens.
d. have IgG antibodies on their cell membranes.
e. are destroyed after contact killing.
9. Which of the following is false?
a. The HIV virus binds to the CD4 molecule of host cells.
b. There is currently only one cure for AIDS - AZT.
c. Most manifestations of AIDS are explained by the loss of helper T cell functions.
d. Once infected by the virus, a person will test positive for HIV antibodies.
e. In order for HIV to replicate, viral RNA is used to make viral DNA, which is inserted into the host cell's DNA.
10. An abnormal, exaggerated response of the immune system is called
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b. an innate immune response.
c. hypersensitivity.
d. excess immunit.
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1. The lymphatic system differs from the cardiovascular system in that
a. the lymphatic system only carries fluid away from tissues.
b. the lymphatic vessels have their own "pump" to assist flow.
c. lymph capillaries do not contain any fluid.
d. lymph capillaries allow free movement of fluid in and out of the capillaries.
e. lymph circulates fluids and cardiovascular does not.
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a. interfere with breathing when enlarged.
b. are located at the junction of the oral cavity and pharynx.
c. are located superior to the palate.
d. are really lymph nodes in disguise.
e. are located in the nasopharynx.
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a. activation of complement
b. phagocytosis of invading organisms
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d. auto antigens
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b. Viral antigens are processed by the MHC class I mechanism and are presented to the cell surface.
c. Cytotoxic T cells bind to MHC class I processed antigens.
d. Cytotoxic T cells bound to the MHC class I processed antigens release lymphokines.
e. All of these choices are correct.
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b. attach to the surface of cells causing them to lyse.
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c. Escherichia coli
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d. All of the above are correct
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b. Bacteria
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b
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c.
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…………..
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d
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e
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)
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(
6.What
ecological role is played by cyanobacteria ?
a. photosynthetic
producers that make sugar and pump oxygen into the atmosphere
b
. decomposers of dead leaves and dead animals
c. chemosynthetic
producers
d
pathogens of plants and animals
e. predators
of other bacteria
)
6.
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a. Protozoan ciliates and flagellates
b. Aquatic plants
c. Dinoflagellates, diatoms and some unicellular or colonial green algae
d. Macroalgae and seaweeds
e. Fungus like protists such as slime molds
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c. Most protists are unicellular.
d. Protists have more complex cells than prokaryotes.
e. Photosynthetic protists are called protozoa.
9. (
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a. microvilli
b. cilia
c. flagella
d. pseudopodia
e. tendrils
)
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a. Plantae
b. Animalia
c. Protista
d. Fungi
e. Proteobacteria
11. (
11.
(See image to the left)
A
fungus surrounding a root
absorbs food from the plant
and in turn this fungus
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a
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b
.
commensalistic
c
.
predatorial
d
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e
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)
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c. Mycorrhizae
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2.
Mammals have two traits that set them apart from all other animals. These are
A) amniotic eggs and milk production.
B) body hair or fur, and milk production.
C) four-chambered heart and body hair or fur.
D) four-chambered heart and milk production.
E) body hair or fur, and being homeothermic.
3.
Which of the following adaptations to life on land is found in both insects and modern reptiles?
A) metamorphosis from a larval form
B) tracheae to distribute oxygen
C) two pairs of walking legs
D) ability to fly
E) body surfaces that resist evaporation
6.
Cnidarians and ctenophores are similar in that they both have
A) radial symmetry.
B) a digestive tract with two openings.
C) a pseudocoel.
D) mesoderm.
E) nematocysts.
7.
In cnidarians, nematocysts are important in
A) movement.
B) obtaining oxygen from the water.
C) excretion of wastes.
D) obtaining prey.
E) food digestion.
13.
The segmented worms of the phylum Annelida
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B) move by use of flagella.
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17.
It is generally thought that four critical innovations arose during the evolution of our ape-like ancestors into humans. All of the following are innovations except
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C) expansion of the human brain.
D) use of brain power for abstract thought.
E) development of the opposable thumb.
18.
It is generally thought that animals have undergone four major physiological and anatomical innovations during their evolution. These are (in no particular order)
A) origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of the versatile forelimb, origin of the multichambered heart, multicellularity.
B) multicellularity, bilateral symmetry, origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of tissues.
C) development of tissues, photosynthesis, bilateral symmetry, multicellularity.
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E) bilateral symmetry, development of tissues, origin of the multichambered heart, origin of patterns of embryonic development.
19.
Which of the following is not a characteristic differentiating Neanderthals from modern humans?
A) Neanderthals had larger noses.
B) Neanderthals had projecting brow ridges.
C) Neanderthals were stronger.
D) Neanderthals were shorter.
E) Neanderthals had smaller brains.
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NSCI/280 Version 5
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1. Important functions of the skeletal system include
a. protection of the brain and soft organs.
b. storage of water.
c. production of Vitamin E.
d. regulation of acid-base balance.
e. integration of other systems.
2. Cartilage
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b. is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum.
c. contains chondrocytes located in lacunae.
d. does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels.
e. is well vascularized.
3. Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of
a. bone matrix.
b. hyaline cartilage.
c. fibrous cartilage.
d. ligaments.
e. blood.
4. The primary function of osteoblasts is to
a. prevent osteocytes from forming.
b. resorb bone along the epiphyseal plate.
c. inhibit the growth of bone.
d. stimulate bone growth.
e. lay down bone matrix.
5. A cord of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is a
a. ligament.
b. periosteum.
c. endosteum.
d. tendon.
e. muscle spindle.
6. A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a
a. central canal.
b. lamella.
c. canaliculus.
d. lacuna.
e. osteocanal.
7. Which of the following is correctly matched?
a. short bone - carpal bone
b. long bone – vertebra
c. irregular bone – femur
d. flat bone - phalanges of the toes
e. short bone – humerus
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a. epiphysis
b. Sharpey's fibers
c. growth plate
d. medullary cavity
e. endosteum
9. Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?
a. Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts.
b. A membrane of delicate collagen fibers develops.
c. Cancellous bone is formed.
d. Periosteum is formed.
e. Many tiny trabeculae of woven bone develop.
10. Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
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b. When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
c. Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
d. Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
e. Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels.
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a. rib
b. radius
c. clavicle
d. scapula
e. coax
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a. vomer
b. temporal
c. sphenoid
d. mandible
e. maxilla
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groups? a. monocots b. mosses c. ferns d. Svcadaphyta e. all of the above 27. Which of the
following groups have vascular tissue? a. monocots b. horsetails c. ferns d. Gveadaphyta e. all of
the above 28. Which of the following would you expect to find in an octopus? a. The mouth
forms after the blastopore develops into the anus. b. radial cleavage c. There is no mesoderm d.
determinate cleavage e. an incomplete digestive system 29. In which group would you expect to
find a medusa stage? a. Polychaeta b. Cnidaria c. centipedes d. Gastropoda e. tapeworms 30.
Which characters are shared by echinoderms and corals? a. no excretory system b. radial
symmetry c. no respiratory system d. no head e. all of the above 31. Most animals are a. both
triploblastic and with bilateral symmetry. b. both triploblastic and with radial symmetry. c. both
diploblastic and with radial symmetry. d. both diploblastic and with bilateral symmetry. e. none
of the above 32. Protostomes have both a. radial and spiral cleavage. b. determinate and spiral
cleavage. c. determinate and radial cleavage. d. indeterminate and spiral cleavage. e. triploblastic
and radial cleavage. 33. Which of the following would you not find in insects? a. Malpighian
tubules b. two pairs of antennae c. compound eyes d. a tracheal system e. an open circulatory
system 34. Spiders differ from insects by having a. segmentation b. an open circulatory system c.
an abdomen d. an exoskeleton e. book lungs 35. What is the gas exchange system in insects
called? a. Malpighian tubules b. book lungs c. external gills d. tracheal system e. complete
metamorphosis 36. Insects have the same number of antennae as a. spiders b. millipedes c.
centipedes d. crustaceans e. both b and c 37. Which arthropod groups have more legs than
insects? a. spiders b. crustaceans c. centipedes d. millipedes e. all of the above 38. In order to
become fully .
Urianry system booklet
1. The renal cortex contains renal corpuscles and proximal convoluted tubules. The renal medulla contains loops of Henle and collecting ducts and is more vascular to allow for countercurrent exchange. The medulla lacks renal corpuscles.
2. The hilum contains the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter. It lies on the concave border of the kidney and allows for passage of vessels and ducts. The kidney shape is ovoid with a convex and concave border and can be identified by palpating for the hilum.
3. The anterior surface faces the abdominal wall muscles and per
Urianry system booklet
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and histology of the urinary system. It includes multiple choice questions and answers about:
1. The anatomy of the kidneys, including their location, structures in the hilum, anterior and posterior relations.
2. The course and structures of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra in males and females.
3. The histology of the kidneys, including the structures in the renal cortex and medulla, vascular and tubular structures.
4. The histology of the ureters, including the layers of the ureter wall.
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1. E coli is a shortened name for a bacterium that lives in our gut. According to the rules of binomial nomenclature it is properly written as _______________.
a. Escherichia COLI
b. Escherichia Coli
c. Escherichia coli
d. escherichia coli
e. escherichia coli
2. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to in the field of biology?
a. Total number of species on earth
b. Genetic variation that exists within populations all of the earth’s species
c. Total number of Earth’s ecosystems
d. All of the above are correct
3. Prokaryotic cells are classified in Domain(s) _______
a. Archaea
b. Bacteria
c. Eukarya
d. Archaea and Bacteria
e. Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
4. (
4. The shape of this bacterium is __________ and the attachment filaments radiating out are called_________
a
. bacillus…………. flagella
b
. coccus……………cilia
c.
spirilla
…………..
pili
d
. bacillus………… pili
e
. vibrio…………….cilia
)
5. A certain bacterium can withstand heating, drying and toxic chemicals that would kill most other bacteria. This indicates that it is probably able to form a __________
a. Pseudopodia
b. Conjugation tube
c. Endospore
d. Flagellum
e. Endotoxins
(
6.What
ecological role is played by cyanobacteria ?
a. photosynthetic
producers that make sugar and pump oxygen into the atmosphere
b
. decomposers of dead leaves and dead animals
c. chemosynthetic
producers
d
pathogens of plants and animals
e. predators
of other bacteria
)
6.
7. The term phytoplankton applies to photosynthetic, microscopic floating organisms such as________
a. Protozoan ciliates and flagellates
b. Aquatic plants
c. Dinoflagellates, diatoms and some unicellular or colonial green algae
d. Macroalgae and seaweeds
e. Fungus like protists such as slime molds
8. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Most protists are aquatic.
b. Protists are eukaryotes.
c. Most protists are unicellular.
d. Protists have more complex cells than prokaryotes.
e. Photosynthetic protists are called protozoa.
9. (
9. Which of the following structures is used by amoebas to move and to eat?
a. microvilli
b. cilia
c. flagella
d. pseudopodia
e. tendrils
)
10. Into what kingdom do we place multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that acquire food by absorption from the environment and have cell walls made of chitin?
a. Plantae
b. Animalia
c. Protista
d. Fungi
e. Proteobacteria
11. (
11.
(See image to the left)
A
fungus surrounding a root
absorbs food from the plant
and in turn this fungus
provides water and minerals to the plant. This is a _________ relationship?
a
. parasitic
b
.
commensalistic
c
.
predatorial
d
. mutualistic
e
. competitive
)
12. (See image above). A fungus growing together with a plant root in a way that benefits both is
a(n)_______
a. Lichen
b. Epiphyte
c. Mycorrhizae
d. Hemiparasite
e. Halophyte
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b. Cyanobacteria
c. Brown algae
d. Green a ...
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A patieat has meningitis. Whicb body system is 1. cytoplasm c. nucleus. associated with this
diagnosisi b. mictovilli. d. vesicle. a. Digestive c. Nervoss b. Endocrine d. Uriairy 17. The
medical term for the heelbone is the a. calcaneus. c. bumenus. 8. Which are urinary system
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18. Muluiple selerosis is a diorder of the a. nuscular sysem. c. sbolesal syitem. 9. Accessory
organs of the digestive system include b. nerpous systeen d. urinary system. a. the gallbadder. c.
the pancreas. b. the liver: d. all of the above. 19. Acidosis cin mesult from a. byperventilation.
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CO 2 levels. a. ABG5, CBC, lytes c. FSH, HCC, RPR d. all the above. b. CBC, ESR, US d. T.,
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ion b. As HCO 2 C. Bound to bemoglobin d. Dissolved in the blood plasma.
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2.
Mammals have two traits that set them apart from all other animals. These are
A) amniotic eggs and milk production.
B) body hair or fur, and milk production.
C) four-chambered heart and body hair or fur.
D) four-chambered heart and milk production.
E) body hair or fur, and being homeothermic.
3.
Which of the following adaptations to life on land is found in both insects and modern reptiles?
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B) tracheae to distribute oxygen
C) two pairs of walking legs
D) ability to fly
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6.
Cnidarians and ctenophores are similar in that they both have
A) radial symmetry.
B) a digestive tract with two openings.
C) a pseudocoel.
D) mesoderm.
E) nematocysts.
7.
In cnidarians, nematocysts are important in
A) movement.
B) obtaining oxygen from the water.
C) excretion of wastes.
D) obtaining prey.
E) food digestion.
13.
The segmented worms of the phylum Annelida
A) display radial symmetry.
B) move by use of flagella.
C) have an open circulatory system.
D) are acoelomate.
E) possess setae on each segment.
17.
It is generally thought that four critical innovations arose during the evolution of our ape-like ancestors into humans. All of the following are innovations except
A) bipedalism.
B) toolmaking.
C) expansion of the human brain.
D) use of brain power for abstract thought.
E) development of the opposable thumb.
18.
It is generally thought that animals have undergone four major physiological and anatomical innovations during their evolution. These are (in no particular order)
A) origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of the versatile forelimb, origin of the multichambered heart, multicellularity.
B) multicellularity, bilateral symmetry, origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of tissues.
C) development of tissues, photosynthesis, bilateral symmetry, multicellularity.
D) development of the versatile forelimb, multicellularity, origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of tissues.
E) bilateral symmetry, development of tissues, origin of the multichambered heart, origin of patterns of embryonic development.
19.
Which of the following is not a characteristic differentiating Neanderthals from modern humans?
A) Neanderthals had larger noses.
B) Neanderthals had projecting brow ridges.
C) Neanderthals were stronger.
D) Neanderthals were shorter.
E) Neanderthals had smaller brains.
.
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NSCI/280 Version 5
1
University of Phoenix Material
Week Three Quiz
Chapter 6 Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue
1. Important functions of the skeletal system include
a. protection of the brain and soft organs.
b. storage of water.
c. production of Vitamin E.
d. regulation of acid-base balance.
e. integration of other systems.
2. Cartilage
a. is composed of osteons.
b. is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum.
c. contains chondrocytes located in lacunae.
d. does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels.
e. is well vascularized.
3. Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of
a. bone matrix.
b. hyaline cartilage.
c. fibrous cartilage.
d. ligaments.
e. blood.
4. The primary function of osteoblasts is to
a. prevent osteocytes from forming.
b. resorb bone along the epiphyseal plate.
c. inhibit the growth of bone.
d. stimulate bone growth.
e. lay down bone matrix.
5. A cord of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is a
a. ligament.
b. periosteum.
c. endosteum.
d. tendon.
e. muscle spindle.
6. A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a
a. central canal.
b. lamella.
c. canaliculus.
d. lacuna.
e. osteocanal.
7. Which of the following is correctly matched?
a. short bone - carpal bone
b. long bone – vertebra
c. irregular bone – femur
d. flat bone - phalanges of the toes
e. short bone – humerus
8. What is the area where marrow is located?
a. epiphysis
b. Sharpey's fibers
c. growth plate
d. medullary cavity
e. endosteum
9. Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?
a. Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts.
b. A membrane of delicate collagen fibers develops.
c. Cancellous bone is formed.
d. Periosteum is formed.
e. Many tiny trabeculae of woven bone develop.
10. Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
a. Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
b. When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
c. Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
d. Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
e. Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels.
Chapter 7 Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy
1. Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
a. rib
b. radius
c. clavicle
d. scapula
e. coax
2. Which of the following bones are paired? (select two answers)
a. vomer
b. temporal
c. sphenoid
d. mandible
e. maxilla
3. Which of the following bones contains a sinus?
a. Maxilla
b. nasal bone
c. occipital bone
d. zygomatic bone
e. temporal
4. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The first cervical vertebra is called the axis.
b. The spinal cord protects the vertebral column.
c. Thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes.
d. The sacral vertebrae are superior to the lumbar vertebrae.
e. Lumbar vertebrae are generally smaller than thoracic vertebrae.
5.
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3. The histology of the kidneys, including the structures in the renal cortex and medulla, vascular and tubular structures.
4. The histology of the ureters, including the layers of the ureter wall.
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- 1. 1. What organ belongs to the lymphatic system? a. Heart b. Spleen c. Stomach d. Lungs 2.Which germ layer is the lymphatic system derived from? a. ectoderm b. endoderm c.mesoderm d. All of the above 3. Which of the following traces the flow of lymph from the lower extremities back to the circulatory system? a- lymph node, lymph vessels, lymph trunks, lymph duct, subclavian vein b- lymph vessels, lymph trunks, lymph duct, lymph node, subclavian vein c- lymph vessels, lymph capillaries, lymph node, lymph duct, subclavian vein d- lymph vessels, lymph node, lymph trunk, lymph duct, subclavian vein 4. What system does the lymphatic derive from in embryonic development? a. Digestive b. Integumentary c. Skeletal d.Circulatory 5. What is Elephantitis? a.Infection of the lymph vessels b. Allergy to elephants c. Infection of a mosquito bite d. All of the above
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