The document outlines the evolution of information and communication technologies (ICT) through four periods: the pre-mechanical period from 3000 BCE to 1400 CE which saw the development of pictograms and the abacus; the mechanical period from 1450-1840 defined by machines driven by mechanics like Pascal's calculator and Babbage's analytical engine; the electromechanical period from 1840-1940 where electricity enabled technologies like the telegraph, telephone, and vacuum tubes; and the electronic period beginning in 1940s characterized by advancements in transistors, integrated circuits, and early computers like ENIAC.

1. EVOLUTION
OF
ICT

2. PREMECHANICAL PERIOD
Around 3000 BCE to 1400 CE
Pictograms, curve in rocks
Abacus the first counting device

3. MECHANICAL PERIOD
 Started around 1450-1840
 Machines driven by mechanical mean dominated
information processing & calculation
 Pascaline by Blaise Pascal & the analytical engine by Charles
Babbage (father of computer)

4. ELECTROMECHANICAL
PERIOD
 Started around 1840-1940
 The use of electricity for information handling & transfer
bloomed
 E.g 1837 Telegraph by William Cocks &sir Charles Wheatstone(5
magnetic needles) 1844 Samuel Morse(first single circuit) 1876
Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell

5. ELECTRONIC PERIOD
 Started in the 1940’s
 Focus on solid state devices late vacuum tubes transistors
integrated circuit computer processor electronic numerical integrator
and computer (ENIAC)
 1947 the transistors similar to vacuum tubes
 1957 first full transistors was developed
 1958 jack kilby int integrated circuit(IIC)