The document outlines different concepts of human resource management that have emerged over time, including treating workers as commodities, focusing on their welfare and productivity, taking a paternalistic approach, viewing them as human resources to gain a competitive advantage, and the emerging concept of empowering employees as partners. It describes the evolution from poor working conditions and low wages to prioritizing worker satisfaction, autonomy, and profit sharing.

3.  The Commodity concept
 The Factor of Production (FoP) concept
 The Goodwill concept
 The Paternalistic concept
 The Humanitarian/Human Relations concept
 The Human Resource/Modern concept
 The Emerging concept

4. • Workers were considered
as a commodity like any
other factor of production
which can be bought.
• The working conditions
were worst, workers
worked from dawn to dusk
under unhygienic, unsafe
working conditions
for low wages

5. • Scientific methods
of production,
scientific selection,
training of workers,
and compensating
them handsomely
for achieving output
standards

6. • Welfare measures like
safety, first aid, lunch
room, rest room were
provided to have a
positive impact on
worker’s productivity

7. • Management assumed a
fatherly and protective
attitudes towards
employees
• The approach of
management was as if
they offering a favour
rather than giving as
rights

8. • Considers human
resources as an asset
for a sustainable
competitive advantage
• Conscious effort to
realize organizational
goals by satisfying
needs and aspirations
of employees

9. • Today's workforce
considers themselves as
partners in industry.
• Employee empowerment
practices like stock
option plans, profit
sharing plans and more
autonomy and
challenging
responsibilities for
workforce.