This document provides an overview of the geography of Europe. It divides Europe into several regions - Southern Europe, West-Central Europe, Northern Europe, and Eastern Europe - and discusses the physical geography, climate, economy, and natural resources of each region. Southern Europe is characterized by access to seas, peninsulas, mountains like the Alps and Pyrenees, warm climates, and economies based on trade, fishing, and tourism. West-Central and Northern Europe have more varied climates and terrain, from lowlands to mountain ranges, and economies relying on agriculture, fishing, shipping, timber, and oil. Eastern Europe features the Carpathian Mountains and plains, the Danube River, colder climates farther from

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7 October
List as many countries in Europe as you can:

2. Introduction to
the Geography of
Europe

4. Southern Europe
Portugal
Spain
Italy
Greece

5. Physical:
- Access to seas
Strait of
Gibraltar
- Peninsula: land surrounded
by water on 3 sides
- Lowlands at coasts, higher inland
- Mountains: Alps in Northern Italy,
Pyrenees in Northern Spain

6. Phys Map

7. Climate:
- Warm, sunny climate

8. Economy:
- Trade by ship (many ports)
- Fishing
- Tourism (beaches, castles,
cultural sites)

9. PAUSE

10. West-Central Europe
France
Germany
Belgium
Netherlands
Luxembourg
Switzerland
Austria

11. Physical
Lowlands closer to ocean,
higher elevations as you
move away from the ocean

12. Physical: Alps Mountains
Alps - cut Italy off from the rest of Europe

13. Physical: Pyrenees Mountains
Pyrenees - mountains
serve as a natural border
between Spain and France

14. Physical: Ural Mountains
Ural Mountains
form natural barrier
between Europe
and Asia

15. Northern European Plain
- flat, fertile ground for farming
- runs across many
countries in Northern
Europe

16. Climate
Marine West Coast
- Cold Winters,
Mild Summers
Colder climates farther
away from oceans

17. Resources
Fertile soil, iron ore, coal, hydroelectric
power

18. Northern Europe
United Kingdom
Ireland
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Iceland
Greenland

19. Physical
Hills
(Ireland)
- Highlands
- Mountains

20. Scandinavian Peninsula
Formed by
Norway and Sweden
(surrounded by water
on 3 sides)

21. Fjords
U-shaped valleys that
connect to the sea
Filled with seawater
after glaciers melted
(Common in Norway)

22. North Sea and Baltic Sea
- Very cold
- Can be
dangerous

23. Climate
- Generally, Marine West Coast
BUT……..

24. Northern Scandinavia:
- Subarctic: cool with cold, harsh winters
or….FAR north:

25. Tundra: permafrost (frozen year-round) with
no trees, only mosses

26. Ice Hotels (Northern Sweden)

27. Resources / Economy:
- Shipping/Fishing
- Timber from forests in Sweden/Finland
- Oil

28. EASTERN EUROPE

29. Eastern Europe: Physical
Carpathian Mountains
(also known as Transylvanian Mountains)
Northern European Plain

30. - Danube River =
route for trade and transportation
- Danube dumps
into the Black Sea
- Black Sea separates Europe from Asia

31. Eastern Europe: Climate
- Harsher climate
than Western Europe
because it is farther
away from Atlantic Ocean

32. Eastern Europe: Natural Resources
coal, natural gas, iron