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The document summarizes the history and development of European integration from 1952 to present day, including: 1) The establishment of early European institutions like the ECSC and EEC in the 1950s and 1960s and their evolution into the EU in 1993. 2) Several rounds of enlargement of the EU from 1973 to 2013 which increased membership from 6 original countries to 28 today. 3) Key steps towards greater economic and monetary integration including the Werner Report, EMS, Single European Act, and Delors Report leading to the establishment of the ECB and adoption of the Euro. 4) Benefits of Eurozone integration and unified currency include reduced transaction costs, security of purchasing power, elimination of
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EU_Economic integration.pptx
European economic integration began in the 1950s with the European Coal and Steel Community and has progressed through various treaties and agreements, culminating in the establishment of the euro currency in 1999. There have been several stages of integration, from free trade areas to full economic and monetary unions. Nineteen EU member states have adopted the euro so far, while others have special status or derogation. Benefits of economic integration and the euro include reduced transaction costs, price transparency across borders, and protection from exchange rate risks.
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The euro currency was introduced on January 1, 1999 initially by 11 European Union member states. Greece joined in 2001 bringing the total to 12 countries. These countries officially introduced euro banknotes and coins in 2002. The euro provided economic advantages like easier travel within the EU and removing currency risk from European trade. The European Central Bank and Eurosystem central banks manage and administer the euro. Most EU members are obligated to adopt the euro when certain criteria are met, though some like Denmark have exemptions. Currently 19 EU member states use the euro along with several other European countries.
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2. It examines the impact on the UK economy of increased government borrowing by EU governments.
3. It assesses the impact on the UK economy of a recovery in the EU as a whole through more ambitious common macroeconomic policies.
4. It discusses the view that UK adoption of the euro remains unlikely given current economic instability and whether the UK economy could benefit from adopting the euro in the future.
5. It assesses the possible effects on
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2) It discusses the history of the EU from its origins after World War 2 to the recent enlargements of 2004 and 2007 that brought in many eastern European countries.
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The document provides an overview of the history and current state of the European Union (EU). It summarizes that the EU consists of 27 member countries and over 500 million people, with origins tracing back to the post-World War 2 period. Key facts about EU membership, enlargement, institutions, economy, currency, policies, and role on the international stage are presented.
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The document provides an overview of the history and current state of the European Union (EU). It summarizes that the EU consists of 27 member countries and over 500 million people, with origins dating back to the 1950s. Key facts about the EU include its symbols, official languages, treaties that provide the legal basis, and ongoing enlargement to include more member countries over time.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
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Eu template.ppt
- 1. European integration 1 www.ecb.europa.eu © Progress of European integration 1952 ECSC European Coal and Steel Community 1958 EEC and EURATOM European Economic Community European Atomic Energy Community 1967 EC European Communities 1993 EU European Union (Maastricht Treaty) 1998 ECB Founding of the European Central Bank 2009 EU Treaty of Lisbon
- 2. European integration 2 www.ecb.europa.eu © 1952 Belgium Germany France Italy Luxembourg Netherlands 1973 Denmark Ireland United Kingdom 1981 Greece 1986 Spain Portugal 1995 Austria Finland Sweden Enlargement of the European Union 2004 Czech Rep. Estonia Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Hungary Malta Poland Slovenia Slovakia 2007 Bulgaria Romania 2013 Croatia FI BE LU NL DE FR ES PT GR IT AT SL MT BG RO HU PL CZ SK EE LV LT SE DK UK IE CY HR
- 3. European integration 3 www.ecb.europa.eu © 1969 Barre Plan 1970 Werner Report on economic and monetary union 1979 EMS European Monetary System 1986 Single European Act Preparation of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) 1988 Delors Report 1998 Founding of the ECB 1999/2002 Introduction of the euro
- 4. European integration 4 www.ecb.europa.eu © Three stages to Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) 1 January 1999 Irrevocable fixing of conversion rates, ECB responsible for monetary policy 1 January 1994 Establishment of the European Monetary Institute, the ECB’s predecessor 1 July 1990 Abolition of all restrictions on the movement of capital 1 January 2002 Introduction of euro banknotes and coins 1 2 3
- 5. European integration 5 www.ecb.europa.eu © Convergence criteria Economic and Monetary Union Interest rate convergence Price stability Exchange rate stability Public finance discipline
- 6. European integration 6 www.ecb.europa.eu © EU Member States which have adopted the euro Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) EU Member States with a special status EU Member States with a derogation FI BE LU NL DE FR ES PT IT AT SL MT BG RO HU PL CZ SK EE LV LT SE DK UK IE CY GR HR
- 7. European integration 7 www.ecb.europa.eu © Benefits of the euro • Removal of transaction costs • Security of purchasing power • Elimination of exchange rate risks • Price transparency € € €
- 8. European integration 8 www.ecb.europa.eu © Integration of financial markets, financial infrastructures and financial institutions Financial integration of the euro area • results in economies of scale, larger variety of financial products at lower cost • enhances transmission of monetary policy impulses • contributes to safeguarding of financial stability and smooth operation of payment systems
- 9. European integration 9 www.ecb.europa.eu © Key characteristics of the euro area Sources: for euro area and EU: ECB, Eurostat, national sources, IMF, World Bank and ECB calculations; for the United States, Japan and China: national sources, IMF, World Bank and ECB calculations. It covers data for the 19 countries in the euro area (i.e. including LT), EU-28 (i.e. including Croatia) and data for 2013 for all countries. The new ESA2010/SNA2008 methodology has been used except for Japan, which still uses the old SNA93. * Purchasing Power Standards (PPSs) in euro, calculated on the basis of PPP rates relative to the euro area (Euro 19 = 1). Total population (millions) GDP (PPP*, € trillions) GDP per capita (PPP*, € thousands) Share of world GDP (PPP*, %) Exports (goods and services, % of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross saving (% of GDP) Reference year: 2013 339 9.9 29.3 12.1 25.8 19.5 21.8 508 14.0 27.4 17.1 17.8 19.2 20.3 317 13.1 41.2 16.5 13.6 18.9 18.1 127 3.6 28.2 4.5 17.0 21.7 21.8 1,361 12.5 9.2 15.9 25.4 47.8 49.7 € -19 EU-28