ethnciity media.pptx
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Ethnic minorities are often underrepresented or stereotyped in media. Analysis has found minorities are less likely to have leading roles and more likely to appear in entertainment roles rather than serious topics. Stereotypes portrayed include being deviant, stealing jobs, having limited skills, and posing a threat. While representation is becoming more equal, stereotypes still exist of associating ethnicity with problems and of reinforcing differences between ethnic and white groups. Specifically, Muslims are frequently portrayed negatively in news coverage and symbols of Muslim faith are targets of moral panic.
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As media representation 5
The document discusses Stuart Hall's reception theory from 1973 which considers how audiences actively consume and decode media messages based on their backgrounds and views. It can discuss three types of readings: dominant, negotiated, and oppositional. It then discusses how ethnic minorities are often represented through stereotypes in the media, such as being exotic, dangerous, pitied, humorous, or sexualized. It also notes that representations of ethnic minorities are often underrepresented, stereotypical, and negative in portraying them as criminals, a threat, or culturally abnormal.
How does contemporary representation compare to previous time periods
Contemporary representations of black British people in media have changed from previous eras in three key ways:
1) Earlier films from the 1950s-60s portrayed black immigrants as a "social problem" and threat to British society, seen through a white directorial lens, whereas now black British people are no longer solely represented as such.
2) Representations in the 1970s, like in Horace Ove's "Pressure", shifted to a black perspective showing issues like racism and discrimination, rather than a migrant perspective.
3) More recent films and TV shows like "Adulthood" and "Day 1" focus on disaffected youth across London influenced by black culture, moving
23rd april
The document discusses how media shapes identities and how hegemonic discourses promote dominant identities over others. It provides definitions for key terms like mediation, hegemony, and collective identity. It also examines how media representations have historically framed black Britons as problems or threats by focusing on issues like immigration, employment, and housing in a way that positioned them against white Britons. Research studies discussed found media representations influence public attitudes and how minority groups see themselves.
Collective Identity - Music
The document discusses representations of ethnic minorities in the media. It argues that media portrayals are shaped by dominant ideological perspectives that serve to control identities. Stuart Hall proposes that the media produces representations of social worlds through images and portrayals that disseminate ideology. Identity should be seen as fluid and constantly evolving rather than fixed. Research shows ethnic minorities tend to be underrepresented or stereotypically portrayed in the media, subordinating them to white ideological hegemony. The repetitive framing of particular images leads audiences to see them as definitive of certain groups.
Representation in the media
This document discusses key concepts around how media representations are constructed rather than objective reflections of reality. It addresses how media images are often interpretations that say something about their subject and can endorse particular ideologies. Media representations may rely on shorthand like stereotypes due to limitations of time and resources. The meaning of representations depends on whose interpretation is being considered - the producer, audience or text itself. Representations can have political or social consequences by influencing how groups are seen and treated in society.
Media theorists powerpoint
Stuart Hall was a British cultural theorist influential in racial thinking in the UK. He argued that black representation has gone through two phases - challenging racist stereotypes and asserting a positive identity, and then considering the black subject as produced within regimes of representation. Hall was concerned with media power and how it propagates social values. He criticized media portrayals of black immigrants as often relying on racial stereotypes. Hall studied identity in detail to create a cohesive understanding of how cultures intersect and identities are constructed.
Media theorists powerpoint
Stuart Hall was a British cultural theorist influential in racial thinking in the UK. He argued that black representation has gone through two phases - challenging racist stereotypes and asserting a positive identity through history, and then being considered as produced within systems of representation. Hall was concerned with media power in propagating social values and stereotypical portrayals of minorities. He criticized the media's tendency to only portray black people in relation to issues or as stereotypes, rather than exploring their full experiences.
Theorists
Stuart Hall argues that the representation of black subjects has gone through two phases: first challenging racist stereotypes and asserting a positive black identity through African history, and second considering the black subject as produced within regimes of representation. Hall was concerned with media power and how it propagates social values, criticizing how the media often portrayed black immigrants in stereotypical crisis or drama roles without exploring their rich experiences. In his search for black identity, Hall studied identity in detail to create a cohesive understanding by pulling together diverse strands.
Recommended
As media representation 5
The document discusses Stuart Hall's reception theory from 1973 which considers how audiences actively consume and decode media messages based on their backgrounds and views. It can discuss three types of readings: dominant, negotiated, and oppositional. It then discusses how ethnic minorities are often represented through stereotypes in the media, such as being exotic, dangerous, pitied, humorous, or sexualized. It also notes that representations of ethnic minorities are often underrepresented, stereotypical, and negative in portraying them as criminals, a threat, or culturally abnormal.
How does contemporary representation compare to previous time periods
Contemporary representations of black British people in media have changed from previous eras in three key ways:
1) Earlier films from the 1950s-60s portrayed black immigrants as a "social problem" and threat to British society, seen through a white directorial lens, whereas now black British people are no longer solely represented as such.
2) Representations in the 1970s, like in Horace Ove's "Pressure", shifted to a black perspective showing issues like racism and discrimination, rather than a migrant perspective.
3) More recent films and TV shows like "Adulthood" and "Day 1" focus on disaffected youth across London influenced by black culture, moving
23rd april
The document discusses how media shapes identities and how hegemonic discourses promote dominant identities over others. It provides definitions for key terms like mediation, hegemony, and collective identity. It also examines how media representations have historically framed black Britons as problems or threats by focusing on issues like immigration, employment, and housing in a way that positioned them against white Britons. Research studies discussed found media representations influence public attitudes and how minority groups see themselves.
Collective Identity - Music
The document discusses representations of ethnic minorities in the media. It argues that media portrayals are shaped by dominant ideological perspectives that serve to control identities. Stuart Hall proposes that the media produces representations of social worlds through images and portrayals that disseminate ideology. Identity should be seen as fluid and constantly evolving rather than fixed. Research shows ethnic minorities tend to be underrepresented or stereotypically portrayed in the media, subordinating them to white ideological hegemony. The repetitive framing of particular images leads audiences to see them as definitive of certain groups.
Representation in the media
This document discusses key concepts around how media representations are constructed rather than objective reflections of reality. It addresses how media images are often interpretations that say something about their subject and can endorse particular ideologies. Media representations may rely on shorthand like stereotypes due to limitations of time and resources. The meaning of representations depends on whose interpretation is being considered - the producer, audience or text itself. Representations can have political or social consequences by influencing how groups are seen and treated in society.
Media theorists powerpoint
Stuart Hall was a British cultural theorist influential in racial thinking in the UK. He argued that black representation has gone through two phases - challenging racist stereotypes and asserting a positive identity, and then considering the black subject as produced within regimes of representation. Hall was concerned with media power and how it propagates social values. He criticized media portrayals of black immigrants as often relying on racial stereotypes. Hall studied identity in detail to create a cohesive understanding of how cultures intersect and identities are constructed.
Media theorists powerpoint
Stuart Hall was a British cultural theorist influential in racial thinking in the UK. He argued that black representation has gone through two phases - challenging racist stereotypes and asserting a positive identity through history, and then being considered as produced within systems of representation. Hall was concerned with media power in propagating social values and stereotypical portrayals of minorities. He criticized the media's tendency to only portray black people in relation to issues or as stereotypes, rather than exploring their full experiences.
Theorists
Stuart Hall argues that the representation of black subjects has gone through two phases: first challenging racist stereotypes and asserting a positive black identity through African history, and second considering the black subject as produced within regimes of representation. Hall was concerned with media power and how it propagates social values, criticizing how the media often portrayed black immigrants in stereotypical crisis or drama roles without exploring their rich experiences. In his search for black identity, Hall studied identity in detail to create a cohesive understanding by pulling together diverse strands.
Representation presentation
This document discusses representation of different groups in media. It addresses representation of religions, with Christianity portrayed more positively than other religions like Islam. It notes Islam is often negatively depicted in controversial ways. Representation of women is discussed, noting they are still often judged on looks and magazines portray unrealistic standards. Men are also discussed, focusing on physique, strength, and relationships. Disability representation is changing but still uses disability for comedy at times or portrays stereotypes. Representation of age, ethnicity, and race are also issues discussed.
The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Communication Gender, Ra.docx
The SAGE Handbook of Gender and
Communication
Gender, Race, and Media Representation
Contributors: Dwight Brooks & Lisa Hébert
Edited by: Bonnie J. Dow & Julia T. Wood
Book Title: The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Communication
Chapter Title: "Gender, Race, and Media Representation"
Pub. Date: 2006
Access Date: February 19, 2019
Publishing Company: SAGE Publications, Inc.
City: Thousand Oaks
Print ISBN: 9781412904230
Online ISBN: 9781412976053
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412976053.n16
Print pages: 297-318
© 2006 SAGE Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This PDF has been generated from SAGE Knowledge. Please note that the pagination of the online
version will vary from the pagination of the print book.
javascript:void(0);
javascript:void(0);
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412976053.n16
Gender, Race, and Media Representation
In our consumption-oriented, mediated society, much of what comes to pass as important is based often on
the stories produced and disseminated by media institutions. Much of what audiences know and care about is
based on the images, symbols, and narratives in radio, television, film, music, and other media. How individ-
uals construct their social identities, how they come to understand what it means to be male, female, black,
white, Asian, Latino, Native American—even rural or urban—is shaped by commodified texts produced by
media for audiences that are increasingly segmented by the social constructions of race and gender. Media,
in short, are central to what ultimately come to represent our social realities.
While sex differences are rooted in biology, how we come to understand and perform gender is based on
culture.1 We view culture “as a process through which people circulate and struggle over the meanings of our
social experiences, social relations, and therefore, our selves” (Byers & Dell, 1992, p. 191). Just as gender is
a social construct through which a society defines what it means to be masculine or feminine, race also is a
social construction. Race can no longer be seen as a biological category, and it has little basis in science or
genetics. Identifiers such as hair and skin color serve as imperfect indicators of race. The racial categories we
use to differentiate human difference have been created and changed to meet the dynamic social, political,
and economic needs of our society. The premise that race and gender are social constructions underscores
their centrality to the processes of human reality. Working from it compels us to understand the complex roles
played by social institutions such as the media in shaping our increasingly gendered and racialized media
culture. This chapter explores some of the ways mediated communication in the United States represents the
social constructions of race and gender and ultimately contributes to our understanding of both, especially
race.2
Although research on race, gender, and media traditionally has.
Media and Collective Identity: Useful quotes
The documents discuss how media representations of ethnic and racial groups are shaped by dominant ideologies to control identities. Stuart Hall argued that media produces naturalized representations that construct identities like race as innate rather than politically motivated. Representations in media have power to shape popular attitudes. Research found ethnic minorities often underrepresented or stereotyped in media. Younger black respondents rejected a British identity due to feeling marginalized in society. Mixed race youth assumed a black identity due to appearance and upbringing. Accurate portrayals of communities are needed to avoid wrong impressions.
Collective Identity: Revision pt1
The document discusses media representation of black British collective identity. It begins by outlining key questions around how different media represent social groups. It then describes black British collective identity as a postmodern subcultural youth movement comprising young people of various ethnicities united by shared black cultural symbols. The document introduces film and music as two media forms, noting how films often portray negative stereotypes of "urban youth" while grime music allows them to reclaim voice. It provides examples of films and artists to support the points, and suggests media industry involvement sometimes shifts the representation in music.
Collective ID Thursday 28th April
The document discusses media representations of collective identity, using Black British collective identity as a case study. It addresses key questions around how media represent various groups, how representations have changed over time, and the social implications of different representations. The document discusses identity as something that is socially constructed through relationships and media portrayals, and how media shapes concepts of identity through the representations it chooses. Specifically, it suggests media often relies on stereotypical portrayals of ethnic minorities that reinforce dominant ideological views and help maintain social hierarchies.
A2 Media Studies: Post colonialist Theory (2020)
The document discusses the different treatment of Meghan Markle and Kate Middleton in the British press and whether race plays a factor. It notes that Meghan faced more hostile coverage from newspapers, which some critics believe was racially motivated. Harry and Meghan have sued some newspapers and cited the press treatment as one reason they stepped back from royal duties. The document also discusses the legacy of colonialism and how representations of race in media today can still reflect beliefs from the colonial era when Europeans asserted their superiority over non-white populations.
2.3. Empowerment (Quiz)
This document discusses several concepts related to media, politics, and identity:
1) It explains that gender is a social and cultural construct that varies over time and between cultures, rather than being biologically determined.
2) It describes the concept of "glocality" as how individuals belong to both global and local spheres - being influenced by globalization but still drawing identity from the local.
3) It defines diaspora as ethnic migrant groups united by a shared origin, and discusses how minority media can empower these groups but also risk further segregating them from the mainstream.
Representation theories
This document discusses representation and gender theory. It provides background on theorists Judith Butler, Stuart Hall, and Paul Gilroy. Judith Butler is discussed in depth, with explanations of her theories of gender performativity and "gender trouble." Gender, according to Butler, is constructed through performances and repetitions of gender roles, rather than being based on inherent or biological traits. The document also discusses debates around representation of feminism in the media.
In our consumption-oriented, mediated society, much of what comes .docx
In our consumption-oriented, mediated society, much of what comes to pass as important is based often on the stories produced and disseminated by media institutions. Much of what audiences know and care about is based on the images, symbols, and narratives in radio, television, film, music, and other media. How individuals construct their social identities, how they come to understand what it means to be male, female, black, white, Asian, Latino, Native American—even rural or urban—is shaped by commodified texts produced by media for audiences that are increasingly segmented by the social constructions of race and gender. Media, in short, are central to what ultimately come to represent our social realities.
While sex differences are rooted in biology, how we come to understand and perform gender is based on culture.1 We view culture “as a process through which people circulate and struggle over the meanings of our social experiences, social relations, and therefore, our selves” (Byers & Dell, 1992, p. 191). Just as gender is a social construct through which a society defines what it means to be masculine or feminine, race also is a social construction. Race can no longer be seen as a biological category, and it has little basis in science or genetics. Identifiers such as hair and skin color serve as imperfect indicators of race. The racial categories we use to differentiate human difference have been created and changed to meet the dynamic social, political, and economic needs of our society. The premise [Page 298]that race and gender are social constructions underscores their centrality to the processes of human reality. Working from it compels us to understand the complex roles played by social institutions such as the media in shaping our increasingly gendered and racialized media culture. This chapter explores some of the ways mediated communication in the United States represents the social constructions of race and gender and ultimately contributes to our understanding of both, especially race.2
Although research on race, gender, and media traditionally has focused on under-represented, subordinate groups such as women and minorities, this chapter discusses scholarship on media representations of both genders and various racial groups. Therefore, we examine media constructions of masculinity, femininity, so-called people of color, and even white people.3 On the other hand, given the limitations of this chapter and the fact that media research on race has focused on African Americans, we devote greater attention to blacks but not at the exclusion of the emerging saliency of whiteness studies, which acknowledge whiteness as a social category and seek to expose and explain white privilege.4
Our theoretical and conceptual orientation encompasses research that is commonly referred to as “critical/cultural studies.” Numerous theoretical approaches have been used to examine issues of race, gender, and media, but we contend that critical/cultu.
Ethnicity Theory
This document discusses colonialism, post-colonialism, and representations of minorities in media. It addresses how colonial powers exploited resources and presented racist images of colonized peoples. Post-colonial theorists argue that Western media still lacks representation of black people and models colonialist views of depicting black women as over-sexualized. The document also examines theorists like Edward Said who discussed how the West constructs an "oriental other" and how diaspora identities have formed. It analyzes stereotypes of minorities in media and their portrayals as humorous, exotic, pitied or dangerous.
Collective ID quotes and key words
The document discusses issues of identity, representation, and culture through multiple perspectives and sources. It explores how identity is shaped by collective identities and media representations that are ideologically constructed. Several theorists are cited discussing how the media has power to influence attitudes and beliefs through the representations it transmits. The document also examines youth subcultures, music genres like grime, and the evolution of black British culture over time. It suggests identities are fluid and continually shaped by external influences like the mass media.
The role of media in development
The document discusses the role of media in development and human rights issues. It notes that media can bring attention to injustices and human rights violations, help mobilize support for causes, and facilitate knowledge of other cultures, helping to reduce discrimination and make globalization easier. The proliferation of information across borders via television, internet and radio helped spread awareness of movements in Middle Eastern countries struggling for democratic reforms. Overall, the document argues that media are powerful tools that could be used more to aid development and improve lives worldwide.
week_16.ppt
This document discusses how globalization impacts individual identity through three main points:
1) Globalization has increased the need for individuals and groups to assert their identity in a world where boundaries are blurring. Ethnicity has become an important vehicle for collective identity.
2) However, the ability to choose one's identity is complex, as seen in the examples of Tiger Woods, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, and debates over census categories in the US.
3) Globalization both increases homogeneity but also encourages difference, hybridity and "melange" as people and groups find new ways to express distinctiveness in a globalized world. National or ascriptive identities are giving way to more fluid
Subculture
The document discusses marketing communication strategies for reaching young people in Europe. It notes that young people have become more demanding consumers and value individualism. Marketers must carefully craft their messages to appeal to the unique sensibilities of younger generations. Specifically, ads should emphasize themes of freedom of choice and being unique rather than conforming to norms. As young people are sensitive to failure, marketing should make them feel fearless in being themselves. Overall, the document argues that marketers need nuanced strategies that align with the changing internal values of young consumers.
Cultural Imperialism
This document discusses cultural imperialism and its effects. It defines cultural imperialism as more powerful cultures promoting themselves over lesser known cultures. It notes that the term emerged in the 1960s. It explores how American mass culture dominates the global cultural sphere through television, film, and advertising. It also discusses how Europe constructed its identity by relegating non-European cultures to secondary status. Additionally, it mentions that cultural diversity is important to preserve, similar to ecological diversity. Finally, it notes that major media companies are now multinational, allowing Western media to impact developing country cultures.
Communications and new media 2014
Communications and media have changed dramatically in recent decades. The document discusses several theoretical perspectives on how media influences culture and society. It analyzes the role of media through the lenses of functionalism, political economy, public sphere theory, and hyperreality. Scholars debate whether contemporary society reflects more of an Orwellian or Huxleyan vision of media control and the challenges it presents for democracy.
Race, religion and poverty
This document discusses representations of Islam and Muslims in Western media. It notes that Islam and the East have often been depicted in the West as monolithic entities, ignoring their diversity. Orientalism portrayed the East as inferior and backward. More recently, Muslims have frequently been associated with terrorism in media coverage, despite terrorism posing a very small threat. This type of coverage can contribute to Islamophobia and the othering of Muslims. The document calls for more nuanced and diverse representations of Islam that do not homogenize or stereotype.
Gender, race and_media_representation_au[1]
The journal chapter discusses scholarship on media representations of gender and race. It explores how critical race theory has been used to examine media portrayals of masculinity, femininity, minorities, and Caucasians. Specifically, it looks at how black feminist thought challenges stereotypical media portrayals of black women as mammies or jezebels. The chapter also discusses how Asian and Latinas are often portrayed in stereotypical or sexualized ways in media and how this relates to a multicultural feminist perspective. It concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research on media representations of diverse groups.
Section b teenagers representation in the media
This document outlines Sarah Kelly's chosen area of exploring media representations of youth and collective identity. Some topics that will be covered include mainstream vs underground music videos and how middle/working class youth are portrayed, negative media representations of teenagers in the news focusing on their behaviors, and debates around "we media" and citizen-created media providing positive representations of youth. Case studies that will be analyzed include the TV show "Misfits" and the 2009 UK report "Hoodies or Altar Boys", which found most news stories about teenage boys portrayed them negatively in relation to crime. Relevant theories that will be applied include Gramsci's concepts of hegemony and dominant social classes shaping common sense.
ARTICLESYou Ain’t No Denzel” African American Men’sUse.docx
ARTICLES
“You Ain’t No Denzel”: African American Men’s
Use of Popular Culture to Narrate and Understand
Marriage and Romantic Relationships
Armon R. Perry & Siobhan E. Smith &
Derrick R. Brooms
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract Beyond the scholarship citing the proliferation of negative media
representations of African Americans, Black males in particular, little is known
about the ways in which these men understand media and use them to make
meaning of their lives. To fill this gap, the current study analyzes qualitative
interview data from 33 African American men focused on the their expressions
and demonstrations of relationship commitment, whether they perceived ideal-
ized relationships as either models or unattainable goals and their conceptions
of how Black men are framed in the media. Findings reveal that our partici-
pants consume many mediated representations of Black men and, more impor-
tantly, they encode and decode these images to understand, describe, and
narrate their own romantic, heterosexual relationship experiences. Furthermore,
the findings from this study demonstrate the need to include Black men in
conversations about media, relationships, and their lived experiences. Implica-
tions for future study also are also discussed.
Keywords African American men . African American relationships . Popular culture .
Media
J Afr Am St
DOI 10.1007/s12111-014-9284-7
A. R. Perry (*)
Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Oppenheimer Hall, Louisville, KY
40292, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
S. E. Smith
Communications Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
D. R. Brooms
Department of Sociology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction and Literature Review
Numerous studies have examined how African Americans, particularly African Amer-
ican males, have been represented and portrayed in the media (Bogle 2001; Guerrero
1993). Much of this research has concluded that African American males are often
portrayed as aggressive and involved in criminal behavior (hooks 2004). Many media
portrayals of African American males’ romantic relationships have been equally
negative, largely characterizing them as hypersexual, unfaithful, and prone to violence
(Collins 2005). Despite the fact that African Americans are significant consumers of
media and popular culture (Nielson Media Research 2012) and there exists a growing
body of literature examining African American male media portrayals and representa-
tions (Glenn and Spieldenner 2013; Oliver 2003; Page 1997), much less is known
about the ways in which African American males understand media and use them to
make meaning of their lives and romantic relationships. In an attempt to give voice to
the unique perspectives of African American men, this study employs a phenomeno-
logical approach to the analysis of in-depth, qualitative interview da.
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Representation presentation
This document discusses representation of different groups in media. It addresses representation of religions, with Christianity portrayed more positively than other religions like Islam. It notes Islam is often negatively depicted in controversial ways. Representation of women is discussed, noting they are still often judged on looks and magazines portray unrealistic standards. Men are also discussed, focusing on physique, strength, and relationships. Disability representation is changing but still uses disability for comedy at times or portrays stereotypes. Representation of age, ethnicity, and race are also issues discussed.
The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Communication Gender, Ra.docx
The SAGE Handbook of Gender and
Communication
Gender, Race, and Media Representation
Contributors: Dwight Brooks & Lisa Hébert
Edited by: Bonnie J. Dow & Julia T. Wood
Book Title: The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Communication
Chapter Title: "Gender, Race, and Media Representation"
Pub. Date: 2006
Access Date: February 19, 2019
Publishing Company: SAGE Publications, Inc.
City: Thousand Oaks
Print ISBN: 9781412904230
Online ISBN: 9781412976053
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412976053.n16
Print pages: 297-318
© 2006 SAGE Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This PDF has been generated from SAGE Knowledge. Please note that the pagination of the online
version will vary from the pagination of the print book.
javascript:void(0);
javascript:void(0);
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412976053.n16
Gender, Race, and Media Representation
In our consumption-oriented, mediated society, much of what comes to pass as important is based often on
the stories produced and disseminated by media institutions. Much of what audiences know and care about is
based on the images, symbols, and narratives in radio, television, film, music, and other media. How individ-
uals construct their social identities, how they come to understand what it means to be male, female, black,
white, Asian, Latino, Native American—even rural or urban—is shaped by commodified texts produced by
media for audiences that are increasingly segmented by the social constructions of race and gender. Media,
in short, are central to what ultimately come to represent our social realities.
While sex differences are rooted in biology, how we come to understand and perform gender is based on
culture.1 We view culture “as a process through which people circulate and struggle over the meanings of our
social experiences, social relations, and therefore, our selves” (Byers & Dell, 1992, p. 191). Just as gender is
a social construct through which a society defines what it means to be masculine or feminine, race also is a
social construction. Race can no longer be seen as a biological category, and it has little basis in science or
genetics. Identifiers such as hair and skin color serve as imperfect indicators of race. The racial categories we
use to differentiate human difference have been created and changed to meet the dynamic social, political,
and economic needs of our society. The premise that race and gender are social constructions underscores
their centrality to the processes of human reality. Working from it compels us to understand the complex roles
played by social institutions such as the media in shaping our increasingly gendered and racialized media
culture. This chapter explores some of the ways mediated communication in the United States represents the
social constructions of race and gender and ultimately contributes to our understanding of both, especially
race.2
Although research on race, gender, and media traditionally has.
Media and Collective Identity: Useful quotes
The documents discuss how media representations of ethnic and racial groups are shaped by dominant ideologies to control identities. Stuart Hall argued that media produces naturalized representations that construct identities like race as innate rather than politically motivated. Representations in media have power to shape popular attitudes. Research found ethnic minorities often underrepresented or stereotyped in media. Younger black respondents rejected a British identity due to feeling marginalized in society. Mixed race youth assumed a black identity due to appearance and upbringing. Accurate portrayals of communities are needed to avoid wrong impressions.
Collective Identity: Revision pt1
The document discusses media representation of black British collective identity. It begins by outlining key questions around how different media represent social groups. It then describes black British collective identity as a postmodern subcultural youth movement comprising young people of various ethnicities united by shared black cultural symbols. The document introduces film and music as two media forms, noting how films often portray negative stereotypes of "urban youth" while grime music allows them to reclaim voice. It provides examples of films and artists to support the points, and suggests media industry involvement sometimes shifts the representation in music.
Collective ID Thursday 28th April
The document discusses media representations of collective identity, using Black British collective identity as a case study. It addresses key questions around how media represent various groups, how representations have changed over time, and the social implications of different representations. The document discusses identity as something that is socially constructed through relationships and media portrayals, and how media shapes concepts of identity through the representations it chooses. Specifically, it suggests media often relies on stereotypical portrayals of ethnic minorities that reinforce dominant ideological views and help maintain social hierarchies.
A2 Media Studies: Post colonialist Theory (2020)
The document discusses the different treatment of Meghan Markle and Kate Middleton in the British press and whether race plays a factor. It notes that Meghan faced more hostile coverage from newspapers, which some critics believe was racially motivated. Harry and Meghan have sued some newspapers and cited the press treatment as one reason they stepped back from royal duties. The document also discusses the legacy of colonialism and how representations of race in media today can still reflect beliefs from the colonial era when Europeans asserted their superiority over non-white populations.
2.3. Empowerment (Quiz)
This document discusses several concepts related to media, politics, and identity:
1) It explains that gender is a social and cultural construct that varies over time and between cultures, rather than being biologically determined.
2) It describes the concept of "glocality" as how individuals belong to both global and local spheres - being influenced by globalization but still drawing identity from the local.
3) It defines diaspora as ethnic migrant groups united by a shared origin, and discusses how minority media can empower these groups but also risk further segregating them from the mainstream.
Representation theories
This document discusses representation and gender theory. It provides background on theorists Judith Butler, Stuart Hall, and Paul Gilroy. Judith Butler is discussed in depth, with explanations of her theories of gender performativity and "gender trouble." Gender, according to Butler, is constructed through performances and repetitions of gender roles, rather than being based on inherent or biological traits. The document also discusses debates around representation of feminism in the media.
In our consumption-oriented, mediated society, much of what comes .docx
In our consumption-oriented, mediated society, much of what comes to pass as important is based often on the stories produced and disseminated by media institutions. Much of what audiences know and care about is based on the images, symbols, and narratives in radio, television, film, music, and other media. How individuals construct their social identities, how they come to understand what it means to be male, female, black, white, Asian, Latino, Native American—even rural or urban—is shaped by commodified texts produced by media for audiences that are increasingly segmented by the social constructions of race and gender. Media, in short, are central to what ultimately come to represent our social realities.
While sex differences are rooted in biology, how we come to understand and perform gender is based on culture.1 We view culture “as a process through which people circulate and struggle over the meanings of our social experiences, social relations, and therefore, our selves” (Byers & Dell, 1992, p. 191). Just as gender is a social construct through which a society defines what it means to be masculine or feminine, race also is a social construction. Race can no longer be seen as a biological category, and it has little basis in science or genetics. Identifiers such as hair and skin color serve as imperfect indicators of race. The racial categories we use to differentiate human difference have been created and changed to meet the dynamic social, political, and economic needs of our society. The premise [Page 298]that race and gender are social constructions underscores their centrality to the processes of human reality. Working from it compels us to understand the complex roles played by social institutions such as the media in shaping our increasingly gendered and racialized media culture. This chapter explores some of the ways mediated communication in the United States represents the social constructions of race and gender and ultimately contributes to our understanding of both, especially race.2
Although research on race, gender, and media traditionally has focused on under-represented, subordinate groups such as women and minorities, this chapter discusses scholarship on media representations of both genders and various racial groups. Therefore, we examine media constructions of masculinity, femininity, so-called people of color, and even white people.3 On the other hand, given the limitations of this chapter and the fact that media research on race has focused on African Americans, we devote greater attention to blacks but not at the exclusion of the emerging saliency of whiteness studies, which acknowledge whiteness as a social category and seek to expose and explain white privilege.4
Our theoretical and conceptual orientation encompasses research that is commonly referred to as “critical/cultural studies.” Numerous theoretical approaches have been used to examine issues of race, gender, and media, but we contend that critical/cultu.
Ethnicity Theory
This document discusses colonialism, post-colonialism, and representations of minorities in media. It addresses how colonial powers exploited resources and presented racist images of colonized peoples. Post-colonial theorists argue that Western media still lacks representation of black people and models colonialist views of depicting black women as over-sexualized. The document also examines theorists like Edward Said who discussed how the West constructs an "oriental other" and how diaspora identities have formed. It analyzes stereotypes of minorities in media and their portrayals as humorous, exotic, pitied or dangerous.
Collective ID quotes and key words
The document discusses issues of identity, representation, and culture through multiple perspectives and sources. It explores how identity is shaped by collective identities and media representations that are ideologically constructed. Several theorists are cited discussing how the media has power to influence attitudes and beliefs through the representations it transmits. The document also examines youth subcultures, music genres like grime, and the evolution of black British culture over time. It suggests identities are fluid and continually shaped by external influences like the mass media.
The role of media in development
The document discusses the role of media in development and human rights issues. It notes that media can bring attention to injustices and human rights violations, help mobilize support for causes, and facilitate knowledge of other cultures, helping to reduce discrimination and make globalization easier. The proliferation of information across borders via television, internet and radio helped spread awareness of movements in Middle Eastern countries struggling for democratic reforms. Overall, the document argues that media are powerful tools that could be used more to aid development and improve lives worldwide.
week_16.ppt
This document discusses how globalization impacts individual identity through three main points:
1) Globalization has increased the need for individuals and groups to assert their identity in a world where boundaries are blurring. Ethnicity has become an important vehicle for collective identity.
2) However, the ability to choose one's identity is complex, as seen in the examples of Tiger Woods, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, and debates over census categories in the US.
3) Globalization both increases homogeneity but also encourages difference, hybridity and "melange" as people and groups find new ways to express distinctiveness in a globalized world. National or ascriptive identities are giving way to more fluid
Subculture
The document discusses marketing communication strategies for reaching young people in Europe. It notes that young people have become more demanding consumers and value individualism. Marketers must carefully craft their messages to appeal to the unique sensibilities of younger generations. Specifically, ads should emphasize themes of freedom of choice and being unique rather than conforming to norms. As young people are sensitive to failure, marketing should make them feel fearless in being themselves. Overall, the document argues that marketers need nuanced strategies that align with the changing internal values of young consumers.
Cultural Imperialism
This document discusses cultural imperialism and its effects. It defines cultural imperialism as more powerful cultures promoting themselves over lesser known cultures. It notes that the term emerged in the 1960s. It explores how American mass culture dominates the global cultural sphere through television, film, and advertising. It also discusses how Europe constructed its identity by relegating non-European cultures to secondary status. Additionally, it mentions that cultural diversity is important to preserve, similar to ecological diversity. Finally, it notes that major media companies are now multinational, allowing Western media to impact developing country cultures.
Communications and new media 2014
Communications and media have changed dramatically in recent decades. The document discusses several theoretical perspectives on how media influences culture and society. It analyzes the role of media through the lenses of functionalism, political economy, public sphere theory, and hyperreality. Scholars debate whether contemporary society reflects more of an Orwellian or Huxleyan vision of media control and the challenges it presents for democracy.
Race, religion and poverty
This document discusses representations of Islam and Muslims in Western media. It notes that Islam and the East have often been depicted in the West as monolithic entities, ignoring their diversity. Orientalism portrayed the East as inferior and backward. More recently, Muslims have frequently been associated with terrorism in media coverage, despite terrorism posing a very small threat. This type of coverage can contribute to Islamophobia and the othering of Muslims. The document calls for more nuanced and diverse representations of Islam that do not homogenize or stereotype.
Gender, race and_media_representation_au[1]
The journal chapter discusses scholarship on media representations of gender and race. It explores how critical race theory has been used to examine media portrayals of masculinity, femininity, minorities, and Caucasians. Specifically, it looks at how black feminist thought challenges stereotypical media portrayals of black women as mammies or jezebels. The chapter also discusses how Asian and Latinas are often portrayed in stereotypical or sexualized ways in media and how this relates to a multicultural feminist perspective. It concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research on media representations of diverse groups.
Section b teenagers representation in the media
This document outlines Sarah Kelly's chosen area of exploring media representations of youth and collective identity. Some topics that will be covered include mainstream vs underground music videos and how middle/working class youth are portrayed, negative media representations of teenagers in the news focusing on their behaviors, and debates around "we media" and citizen-created media providing positive representations of youth. Case studies that will be analyzed include the TV show "Misfits" and the 2009 UK report "Hoodies or Altar Boys", which found most news stories about teenage boys portrayed them negatively in relation to crime. Relevant theories that will be applied include Gramsci's concepts of hegemony and dominant social classes shaping common sense.
ARTICLESYou Ain’t No Denzel” African American Men’sUse.docx
ARTICLES
“You Ain’t No Denzel”: African American Men’s
Use of Popular Culture to Narrate and Understand
Marriage and Romantic Relationships
Armon R. Perry & Siobhan E. Smith &
Derrick R. Brooms
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract Beyond the scholarship citing the proliferation of negative media
representations of African Americans, Black males in particular, little is known
about the ways in which these men understand media and use them to make
meaning of their lives. To fill this gap, the current study analyzes qualitative
interview data from 33 African American men focused on the their expressions
and demonstrations of relationship commitment, whether they perceived ideal-
ized relationships as either models or unattainable goals and their conceptions
of how Black men are framed in the media. Findings reveal that our partici-
pants consume many mediated representations of Black men and, more impor-
tantly, they encode and decode these images to understand, describe, and
narrate their own romantic, heterosexual relationship experiences. Furthermore,
the findings from this study demonstrate the need to include Black men in
conversations about media, relationships, and their lived experiences. Implica-
tions for future study also are also discussed.
Keywords African American men . African American relationships . Popular culture .
Media
J Afr Am St
DOI 10.1007/s12111-014-9284-7
A. R. Perry (*)
Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Oppenheimer Hall, Louisville, KY
40292, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
S. E. Smith
Communications Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
D. R. Brooms
Department of Sociology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction and Literature Review
Numerous studies have examined how African Americans, particularly African Amer-
ican males, have been represented and portrayed in the media (Bogle 2001; Guerrero
1993). Much of this research has concluded that African American males are often
portrayed as aggressive and involved in criminal behavior (hooks 2004). Many media
portrayals of African American males’ romantic relationships have been equally
negative, largely characterizing them as hypersexual, unfaithful, and prone to violence
(Collins 2005). Despite the fact that African Americans are significant consumers of
media and popular culture (Nielson Media Research 2012) and there exists a growing
body of literature examining African American male media portrayals and representa-
tions (Glenn and Spieldenner 2013; Oliver 2003; Page 1997), much less is known
about the ways in which African American males understand media and use them to
make meaning of their lives and romantic relationships. In an attempt to give voice to
the unique perspectives of African American men, this study employs a phenomeno-
logical approach to the analysis of in-depth, qualitative interview da.
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- 2. Media & Ethnicity GMG (Neo-Marxists) and Hall (2003) say the predominance of white middle-class managers in the media industry mean that media is produced through a ‘white eye’ Cumberbatch (2014) did a content analysis which found that overall representation was about equal to the wider population but very biased towards certain media forms. Minorities were under-represented in fictional programs and as presenters Beattie found that Black and Asian people were more likely to feature in ‘guest’ or ‘supporting’ roles and often in light entertainment rather than serious or political issues
- 3. Hall, Van Dijk and Cottle have suggested over time that the following stereotypes are common: Deviants and Law Breakers Stealing jobs or claiming benefits Limited or narrow talents and skills Having problems internationally (Unable to live in a civil manner) Posing a threat Causing social problems How does the media stereotype ethnicity
- 4. Ethnic minorities In Britain, ethnic minority identity is mainly associated with ethnic sub-cultures from the former British colonies on the Indian subcontinent, in the Caribbean and in Africa. However, this ignores the significant White minority ethnic groups living in the Britain, such as Jews, gypsies and Irish people.
- 5. Islamophobia • In 2007 a content analysis showed that 91 percent of UK news coverage about muslims was negative • Items such as the hijab and burqa have become seen became the focus of moral panic • Goffman coined the term ‘stigmatized identity’ – Baroness Warsi said this had become ‘fashionable Islamophobia’
- 6. Changing Stereotypes • Pluralism means that there are now media outlets that reflect and represent many cultures and faiths. In part, this reflects younger people being dominant consumers of postmodern media • Abercrombie says that soap operas have started to ensure black and Asian characters have become more frequent as part of the programs
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- 8. Islamophobia • Phillips (2007) says the very word ‘Muslim’ is conjuring up images of terrorism and extremist preachers • Hargrave found that the representation of muslims was far removed from the typical views and experiences of most British Muslims