This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*દાઇમી કબ્ઝ ઔર પેટ કી બીમારિયોં કા ઇલાજ
*કમર ઔર જોડોં કા દર્દ
*ખૂની વ બાદી બવાસીર કા ઇલાજ
*And many More
This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*દાઇમી કબ્ઝ ઔર પેટ કી બીમારિયોં કા ઇલાજ
*કમર ઔર જોડોં કા દર્દ
*ખૂની વ બાદી બવાસીર કા ઇલાજ
*And many More
This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*The forgiveness of the devotees as well
*Forgiveness of the funeral participants
*A shroud thief
* And many more..
Like & Share Official Page of Maulana Ilyas Qadri
www.facebook.com/IlyasQadriZiaee
This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*Double the Reward
*All 8 Gates of Heaven are Opened
*Definition of Washing
* And many more..
Like & Share Official Page of Maulana Ilyas Qadri
www.facebook.com/IlyasQadriZiaee
This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*Mysterious crippled man
*Patronymic and titles
*Purchased Paradise twice
* And many more..
Like & Share Official Page of Maulana Ilyas Qadri
www.facebook.com/IlyasQadriZiaee
This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*If one forgets to offer Salah then….?
*Sleeping in the last part of the night
*Definition of Ada Qada and Wajib-ul-Iadah
* And many more..
Like & Share Official Page of Maulana Ilyas Qadri
www.facebook.com/IlyasQadriZiaee
Handbook of covid 19 prevention and treatmentGirma Biresaw
This document provides guidelines for preventing and treating COVID-19. It discusses setting up isolation areas in healthcare facilities with contaminated, potentially contaminated, and clean zones separated by buffer passages. It recommends screening patients according to criteria like epidemiological history and symptoms. For suspected cases, it advises nucleic acid testing and admission to isolated wards, while excluding those who do not meet criteria. The document aims to share clinical experiences in hopes of supporting medical workers and helping defeat the virus.
The document describes a procurement audit training program offered by the International Training Centre of the International Labour Organisation (ITC-ILO) in Turin, Italy. The training aims to enhance the capacity of national and international financial institution staff to assess procurement operations for compliance and value for money. The training uses interactive presentations, group discussions, and case studies. It covers topics like analyzing procurement contexts and risks, developing audit objectives and plans, and executing audits. The target participants are those responsible for procurement audits and oversight. The cost of the one-week program is Euro 2,000 and covers tuition, facilities, accommodation, and meals.
The document discusses restoring public trust in corporate reporting. It proposes a three-tiered model for corporate transparency consisting of global accounting standards, industry standards, and company-specific information. Recent scandals have undermined trust in executives, boards, auditors, and analysts that produce corporate information. To rebuild trust, all participants must embrace transparency, accountability, and integrity. New technologies like XBRL can improve access and analysis of reported information across the three tiers. The future of corporate reporting relies on cooperation across industries to establish comprehensive transparency standards.
This chapter discusses strategic capacity planning in operations management. It defines strategic capacity planning as determining overall capacity levels of facilities, equipment, and labor force size. The chapter covers topics like capacity utilization rates, economies and diseconomies of scale, experience curves, capacity flexibility, determining capacity requirements through forecasting, and using decision trees to analyze capacity planning options. Maintaining the appropriate capacity levels is important for balancing production needs while ensuring good service quality.
Learning and regularly practicing self-management skills can help people adopt and maintain healthy lifestyles. Self-management skills include self-assessment, self-monitoring, and goal-setting. These skills can help influence factors like knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and access to resources that promote making changes to diet, physical activity, stress management, and other healthy behaviors. While it takes time to develop unhealthy habits, self-management skills allow people to progress through stages of change to eventually maintain healthy lifestyles long-term.
This document summarizes an impact assessment study of e-government projects in India conducted by the Center for e-Governance at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad and funded by the Department of Information Technology, Government of India. The study assessed 5 e-government projects using a measurement framework developed in an earlier World Bank study. Key findings are summarized and limitations of the study are noted. The report details the methodology used, presents results of the assessment of individual projects, compares projects from the client perspective, and analyzes impact on agencies and society.
This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*The forgiveness of the devotees as well
*Forgiveness of the funeral participants
*A shroud thief
* And many more..
Like & Share Official Page of Maulana Ilyas Qadri
www.facebook.com/IlyasQadriZiaee
This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*Double the Reward
*All 8 Gates of Heaven are Opened
*Definition of Washing
* And many more..
Like & Share Official Page of Maulana Ilyas Qadri
www.facebook.com/IlyasQadriZiaee
This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*Mysterious crippled man
*Patronymic and titles
*Purchased Paradise twice
* And many more..
Like & Share Official Page of Maulana Ilyas Qadri
www.facebook.com/IlyasQadriZiaee
This Book is written by Ameer e Ahle Sunnat Hazrat Allama Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri Razavi Ziaee.
This book include the following topics:
*If one forgets to offer Salah then….?
*Sleeping in the last part of the night
*Definition of Ada Qada and Wajib-ul-Iadah
* And many more..
Like & Share Official Page of Maulana Ilyas Qadri
www.facebook.com/IlyasQadriZiaee
Handbook of covid 19 prevention and treatmentGirma Biresaw
This document provides guidelines for preventing and treating COVID-19. It discusses setting up isolation areas in healthcare facilities with contaminated, potentially contaminated, and clean zones separated by buffer passages. It recommends screening patients according to criteria like epidemiological history and symptoms. For suspected cases, it advises nucleic acid testing and admission to isolated wards, while excluding those who do not meet criteria. The document aims to share clinical experiences in hopes of supporting medical workers and helping defeat the virus.
The document describes a procurement audit training program offered by the International Training Centre of the International Labour Organisation (ITC-ILO) in Turin, Italy. The training aims to enhance the capacity of national and international financial institution staff to assess procurement operations for compliance and value for money. The training uses interactive presentations, group discussions, and case studies. It covers topics like analyzing procurement contexts and risks, developing audit objectives and plans, and executing audits. The target participants are those responsible for procurement audits and oversight. The cost of the one-week program is Euro 2,000 and covers tuition, facilities, accommodation, and meals.
The document discusses restoring public trust in corporate reporting. It proposes a three-tiered model for corporate transparency consisting of global accounting standards, industry standards, and company-specific information. Recent scandals have undermined trust in executives, boards, auditors, and analysts that produce corporate information. To rebuild trust, all participants must embrace transparency, accountability, and integrity. New technologies like XBRL can improve access and analysis of reported information across the three tiers. The future of corporate reporting relies on cooperation across industries to establish comprehensive transparency standards.
This chapter discusses strategic capacity planning in operations management. It defines strategic capacity planning as determining overall capacity levels of facilities, equipment, and labor force size. The chapter covers topics like capacity utilization rates, economies and diseconomies of scale, experience curves, capacity flexibility, determining capacity requirements through forecasting, and using decision trees to analyze capacity planning options. Maintaining the appropriate capacity levels is important for balancing production needs while ensuring good service quality.
Learning and regularly practicing self-management skills can help people adopt and maintain healthy lifestyles. Self-management skills include self-assessment, self-monitoring, and goal-setting. These skills can help influence factors like knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and access to resources that promote making changes to diet, physical activity, stress management, and other healthy behaviors. While it takes time to develop unhealthy habits, self-management skills allow people to progress through stages of change to eventually maintain healthy lifestyles long-term.
This document summarizes an impact assessment study of e-government projects in India conducted by the Center for e-Governance at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad and funded by the Department of Information Technology, Government of India. The study assessed 5 e-government projects using a measurement framework developed in an earlier World Bank study. Key findings are summarized and limitations of the study are noted. The report details the methodology used, presents results of the assessment of individual projects, compares projects from the client perspective, and analyzes impact on agencies and society.
Materials management involves planning, procuring, storing, and distributing the right materials in the right quantity and quality at the right time and place to support production activities. It aims to improve productivity and reduce costs. The key activities of materials management include materials requirements planning, purchasing, inventory planning and control, quality control, and ensuring efficient flow and supply of materials. It is an important function that supports production and helps achieve organizational goals like increased sales, profit maximization, and cost reduction.
1. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
1
1
P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
-
Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
S
Sp
po
on
ns
so
or
re
ed
d b
by
y
M
MI
ID
DR
RO
OC
C E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y G
Gr
ro
ou
up
p
P
Pr
re
ep
pa
ar
re
ed
d b
by
y
A
At
to
o A
Ad
de
el
le
eg
gn
ne
e A
Ay
yt
te
en
ne
ew
w
F
Fo
or
r
E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
an
n P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d
T
Te
ec
ch
hn
ni
ic
ca
al
l a
an
nd
d V
Vo
oc
ca
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n T
Tr
ra
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g I
In
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s’
’
A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
A
Ad
dd
dr
re
es
ss
s:
:
T
Te
el
le
ep
ph
ho
on
ne
e:
: +
+2
25
51
1-
-9
91
11
1-
-1
15
5-
-3
32
2-
-8
80
0
E
E-
-m
ma
ai
il
l:
: a
ad
de
el
le
eg
gn
ne
e_
_a
as
sr
re
es
ss
s@
@y
ya
ah
ho
oo
o.
.c
co
om
m
A
Ad
dd
di
is
s A
Ab
ba
ab
ba
a,
, E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a
2. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
2
2
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e o
of
f C
Co
on
nt
te
en
nt
ts
s
M
Me
es
ss
sa
ag
ge
e o
of
f t
th
he
e c
ch
ha
ai
ir
rm
ma
an
n .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. i
iv
v
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n I
I -
- T
Th
he
e R
Ro
ol
le
e a
an
nd
d G
Gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h o
of
f P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n I
In
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s -
- G
Ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
l
1
1.
.1
1 I
In
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
1
1
1.
.2
2 T
Th
he
e R
Ro
ol
le
e o
of
f H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
2
1
1.
.3
3 T
Th
he
e G
Gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h o
of
f P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 7
7
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n I
II
I -
- P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
2
2.
.1
1 I
In
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
13
3
2
2.
.2
2 P
PH
HE
E i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y (
(2
20
00
02
2/
/0
03
3-
-2
20
00
09
9/
/1
10
0)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
13
3
2
2.
.3
3 P
PH
HE
E i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a T
To
od
da
ay
y (
(2
20
01
10
0/
/1
11
1-
-2
20
01
11
1/
/1
12
2)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
26
6
2
2.
.4
4 P
PH
HE
E i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w (
(2
20
01
12
2/
/1
13
3
)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 5
50
0
B
Bi
ib
bl
li
io
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hy
y .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 5
53
3
A
An
nn
ne
ex
xe
es
s
A
An
nn
ne
ex
x I
I -
- L
Li
is
st
t o
of
f P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s o
of
ff
fe
er
ri
in
ng
g p
po
os
st
tg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 5
57
7
A
An
nn
ne
ex
x I
II
I -
- L
Li
is
st
t o
of
f P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s o
of
ff
fe
er
ri
in
ng
g u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 5
57
7
A
An
nn
ne
ex
x I
II
II
I -
- M
Me
em
mb
be
er
r i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
te
es
s o
of
f E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
T I
In
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s'
' A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 5
59
9
L
Li
is
st
t o
of
f F
Fi
ig
gu
ur
re
es
s
F
Fi
ig
gu
ur
re
e 2
2.
.1
1:
: N
Na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l a
an
nd
d P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s U
Un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e S
St
tu
ud
de
en
nt
t e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t (
(2
20
00
02
2/
/0
03
3-
-2
20
00
09
9/
/1
10
0)
) …
… .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
18
8
F
Fi
ig
gu
ur
re
e 2
2.
.2
2:
: N
Na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l a
an
nd
d P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s U
Un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e S
St
tu
ud
de
en
nt
t e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t (
(2
20
01
10
0/
/1
11
1-
-2
20
01
11
1/
/1
12
2)
) …
… .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
28
8
F
Fi
ig
gu
ur
re
e 2
2.
.3
3:
: T
Th
he
e s
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e E
EP
PH
HE
E&
&T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
35
5
L
Li
is
st
t o
of
f T
Ta
ab
bl
le
es
s
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 1
1.
.1
1:
: P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s i
in
n s
so
om
me
e A
Af
fr
ri
ic
ca
an
n c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
10
0
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
1:
: N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f H
HE
EI
Is
s b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e 2
20
00
03
3/
/0
04
4.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
13
3
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
2:
: R
Re
eg
gi
io
on
na
al
l D
Di
is
st
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e 2
20
00
05
5/
/0
06
6 .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
14
4
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.3
3:
: N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f H
HE
EI
Is
s b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e 2
20
00
09
9/
/1
10
0.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
14
4
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.4
4:
: R
Re
eg
gi
io
on
na
al
l D
Di
is
st
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e o
of
ff
fe
er
ri
in
ng
g P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s (
(2
20
01
10
0)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
15
5
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.5
5:
: T
To
ot
ta
al
l P
Po
os
st
t-
-g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t b
by
y P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
17
7
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.6
6:
: T
To
ot
ta
al
l u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t b
by
y P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
17
7
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.7
7:
: P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s T
To
ot
ta
al
l u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t b
by
y m
mo
od
de
e o
of
f d
de
el
li
iv
ve
er
ry
y .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 1
19
9
i
3. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
3
3
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.8
8:
: T
To
ot
ta
al
l a
an
nd
d P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s C
Ce
er
rt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
te
e a
an
nd
d d
di
ip
pl
lo
om
ma
a e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
21
1
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.9
9:
: T
Th
he
e s
sh
ha
ar
re
e o
of
f F
Fe
em
ma
al
le
e e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t b
by
y P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
21
1
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
10
0:
: T
Tr
re
en
nd
d i
in
n g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s f
fr
ro
om
m P
Po
os
st
t-
-g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m o
of
f P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
22
2
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
11
1:
: G
Gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s (
(U
Un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m N
Na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l a
an
nd
d P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s 2
20
00
02
2/
/0
03
3-
-2
20
00
09
9/
/1
10
0)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
23
3
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
12
2:
: P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s t
to
ot
ta
al
l u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s b
by
y m
mo
od
de
e o
of
f d
de
el
li
iv
ve
er
ry
y.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
24
4
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
13
3:
: P
Pe
er
rc
ce
en
nt
ta
ag
ge
e s
sh
ha
ar
re
e o
of
f F
Fe
em
ma
al
le
e g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s b
by
y b
bo
ot
th
h P
Pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c U
Un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s a
an
nd
d P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
24
4
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
14
4:
: T
Tr
re
en
nd
d o
of
f A
Ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
c S
St
ta
af
ff
f i
in
n I
In
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s o
of
f b
bo
ot
th
h P
Pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c a
an
nd
d P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
25
5
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
15
5:
: N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s b
by
y p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
ms
s (
(2
20
01
13
3)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
26
6
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
16
6:
: N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f P
Po
os
st
tg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e o
of
ff
fe
er
ri
in
ng
g P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
26
6
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
17
7:
: C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nt
t (
(2
20
01
13
3)
) R
Re
eg
gi
io
on
na
al
l D
Di
is
st
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
ar
r p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
ms
s o
of
ff
fe
er
ri
in
ng
g
P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
27
7
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
18
8:
: T
Tr
re
en
nd
ds
s i
in
n P
Po
os
st
tg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e E
En
nr
ro
ol
lm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s (
(2
20
01
10
0/
/1
11
1-
-2
20
01
11
1/
/1
12
2)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
27
7
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.1
19
9:
: T
To
ot
ta
al
l a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e s
sh
ha
ar
re
e o
of
f P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
t e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t (
(2
20
01
10
0/
/1
11
1-
-2
20
01
11
1/
/1
12
2)
).
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
28
8
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
20
0:
: P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s T
To
ot
ta
al
l u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t b
by
y m
mo
od
de
e o
of
f d
de
el
li
iv
ve
er
ry
y .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
28
8
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
21
1:
: T
Tr
re
en
nd
ds
s o
of
f F
Fe
em
ma
al
le
e u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e E
En
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t b
by
y b
bo
ot
th
h p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c a
an
nd
d P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s (
(2
20
01
10
0/
/1
11
1-
-
2
20
01
11
1/
/1
12
2)
).
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
29
9
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
22
2:
: E
En
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t (
(c
ce
er
rt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
te
e a
an
nd
d d
di
ip
pl
lo
om
ma
a 2
20
01
10
0/
/1
11
1-
-2
20
01
11
1/
/1
12
2)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 2
29
9
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
23
3:
: E
En
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t:
: F
Fe
em
ma
al
le
e C
Ce
er
rt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
te
e a
an
nd
d d
di
ip
pl
lo
om
ma
a e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t b
by
y P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
30
0
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
24
4:
: N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f A
Ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
c S
St
ta
af
ff
f i
in
n P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
30
0
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
25
5:
: T
Tr
re
en
nd
ds
s i
in
n P
Po
os
st
tg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e G
Gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s-
-P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
30
0
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
26
6:
: T
Tr
re
en
nd
d o
of
f U
Un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
30
0
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
27
7:
: T
To
ot
ta
al
l u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s b
by
y m
mo
od
de
e o
of
f d
de
el
li
iv
ve
er
ry
y (
(P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
31
1
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
28
8:
: P
Pe
er
rc
ce
en
nt
ta
ag
ge
e s
sh
ha
ar
re
e o
of
f F
Fe
em
ma
al
le
e g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s (
(P
Pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c U
Un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s a
an
nd
d P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s)
) .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
31
1
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.2
29
9:
: C
Ce
er
rt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
te
e a
an
nd
d d
di
ip
pl
lo
om
ma
a g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s f
fr
ro
om
m P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
31
1
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.3
30
0:
: P
Pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
ms
s b
by
y b
ba
an
nd
d.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
32
2
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.3
31
1:
: P
Pe
er
rc
ce
en
nt
ta
ag
ge
e o
of
f P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s b
by
y B
Ba
an
nd
d F
Fr
ro
om
m u
un
nd
de
er
rg
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
e P
Pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m (
(2
20
00
02
2/
/0
03
3-
-
2
20
01
11
1/
/1
12
2)
).
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
33
3
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.3
32
2:
: N
Na
am
me
e o
of
f T
Th
he
e f
fo
ou
un
nd
di
in
ng
g m
me
em
mb
be
er
r i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3
34
4
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.3
33
3:
: S
Su
um
mm
ma
ar
ry
y o
of
f C
Ch
ha
al
ll
le
en
ng
ge
es
s o
of
f P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 4
44
4
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.3
34
4:
: M
Me
ea
as
su
ur
re
es
s t
to
o b
be
e t
ta
ak
ke
en
n .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 4
46
6
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e 2
2.
.3
35
5:
: M
Ma
aj
jo
or
r i
is
ss
su
ue
es
s t
th
ha
at
t h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e a
ad
dd
dr
re
es
ss
se
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e f
fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 5
51
1
ii
4. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
4
4
A
Ac
cr
ro
on
ny
ym
ms
s
E
ES
SD
DP
P E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n S
Se
ec
ct
to
or
r D
De
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t P
Pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m
F
FD
DR
RE
E F
Fe
ed
de
er
ra
al
l D
De
em
mo
oc
cr
ra
at
ti
ic
c R
Re
ep
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c o
of
f E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a
H
HE
ER
RQ
QA
A H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n R
Re
el
le
ev
va
an
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d Q
Qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y A
Ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y
M
MO
OE
E M
Mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ry
y O
Of
f E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
P
PH
HE
E P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n I
In
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s
T
TV
VE
ET
T T
Te
ec
ch
hn
ni
ic
ca
al
l V
Vo
oc
ca
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d T
Tr
ra
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g
iii
5. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
0
0
M
Ma
as
ss
sa
ag
ge
e f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e C
Ch
ha
ai
ir
rm
ma
an
n o
of
f E
EP
PH
HE
E a
an
nd
d T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
an
n h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n s
sy
ys
st
te
em
m h
ha
as
s e
em
me
er
rg
ge
ed
d a
as
s
o
on
ne
e o
of
f t
th
he
e l
la
ar
rg
ge
es
st
t i
in
n t
th
he
e S
Su
ub
b-
-S
Sa
ah
ha
ar
ra
an
n r
re
eg
gi
io
on
n.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
,
i
it
t c
co
on
nt
ti
in
nu
ue
es
s t
to
o s
su
uf
ff
fe
er
r f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
hr
re
ee
e f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
c
ch
ha
al
ll
le
en
ng
ge
es
s-
- a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s,
, e
eq
qu
ui
it
ty
y,
, a
an
nd
d q
qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y -
- a
as
s e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
ed
d
b
by
y t
th
he
e r
re
el
la
at
ti
iv
ve
el
ly
y l
lo
ow
w g
gr
ro
os
ss
s e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t r
ra
at
ti
io
o (
(G
GE
ER
R)
),
,
w
wi
id
de
e g
ge
eo
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hi
ic
ca
al
l,
, c
co
om
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y a
an
nd
d g
ge
en
nd
de
er
r d
di
is
sp
pa
ar
ri
it
ty
y,
, a
an
nd
d
r
re
el
la
at
ti
iv
ve
el
ly
y l
lo
ow
w l
le
ev
ve
el
l o
of
f c
co
om
mp
pe
et
te
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s i
in
n s
so
om
me
e
f
fi
ie
el
ld
ds
s o
of
f s
st
tu
ud
dy
y.
. T
Th
he
e G
Go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a h
ha
as
s
t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e s
se
et
t a
a t
ta
ar
rg
ge
et
t o
of
f a
ac
ch
hi
ie
ev
vi
in
ng
g a
a 9
9.
.3
3%
% G
GE
ER
R b
by
y
2
20
01
14
4/
/1
15
5 a
an
nd
d t
to
o m
ma
ak
ke
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n m
mo
or
re
e a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e
a
an
nd
d t
to
o i
im
mp
pr
ro
ov
ve
e t
th
he
e d
de
el
li
iv
ve
er
ry
y o
of
f q
qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y o
of
f e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
(
(E
ES
SD
DP
P I
IV
V,
, 2
20
01
10
0)
).
.
W
Wh
hi
il
le
e t
th
he
e p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r h
ha
as
s h
hi
is
st
to
or
ri
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y d
do
om
mi
in
na
at
te
ed
d t
th
he
e
h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n l
la
an
nd
ds
sc
ca
ap
pe
e,
, t
th
he
e r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e
s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r h
ha
as
s i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
se
ed
d s
si
ig
gn
ni
if
fi
ic
ca
an
nt
tl
ly
y o
ov
ve
er
r t
th
he
e l
la
as
st
t t
tw
wo
o
d
de
ec
ca
ad
de
es
s w
wi
it
th
h a
al
lm
mo
os
st
t 2
22
2 p
pe
er
rc
ce
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e n
na
at
ti
io
on
n’
’s
s s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
ts
s
c
cu
ur
rr
re
en
nt
tl
ly
y (
(2
20
01
12
2/
/1
13
3)
) e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
le
ed
d i
in
n p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s.
.
T
Th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r h
ha
as
s p
pl
la
ay
ye
ed
d a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t r
ro
ol
le
e i
in
n
r
ra
ai
is
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e G
GE
ER
R o
of
f t
th
he
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y f
fr
ro
om
m 1
1.
.5
5%
% i
in
n 2
20
00
04
4/
/0
05
5 t
to
o
5
5.
.3
3%
% i
in
n 2
20
00
08
8/
/0
09
9.
. T
Th
hi
is
s r
ro
ol
le
e c
ca
an
n b
be
e e
ex
xp
pe
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
se
e
f
fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
r o
ov
ve
er
r t
th
he
e n
ne
ex
xt
t d
de
ec
ca
ad
de
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e 9
9.
.3
3%
% G
GE
ER
R
t
ta
ar
rg
ge
et
t s
se
et
t b
by
y t
th
he
e g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
t.
. T
Th
he
e r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e
s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r h
ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, i
is
s e
ex
xp
pe
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o a
as
ss
su
um
me
e g
gr
re
ea
at
te
er
r
s
si
ig
gn
ni
if
fi
ic
ca
an
nc
ce
e i
in
n p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g q
qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s.
.
I
In
n t
th
hi
is
s r
re
ep
po
or
rt
t,
, w
we
e h
ha
av
ve
e r
re
ev
vi
is
si
it
te
ed
d t
th
he
e r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e
s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
an
n h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, d
de
el
li
in
ne
ea
at
te
ed
d k
ke
ey
y
o
op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s f
fo
or
r p
pl
la
ay
y a
as
s i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r a
an
nd
d
r
re
ec
co
om
mm
me
en
nd
de
ed
d s
st
te
ep
ps
s t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e G
Go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d t
ta
ak
ke
e t
to
o
f
fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
r e
en
nc
co
ou
ur
ra
ag
ge
e t
th
he
e f
fu
ul
ll
l p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pl
la
ay
ye
er
rs
s a
as
s
i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r i
in
n s
st
tr
re
en
ng
gt
th
he
en
ni
in
ng
g h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y.
.
D
De
es
sp
pi
it
te
e t
th
he
e c
ch
ha
al
ll
le
en
ng
ge
es
s a
an
nd
d l
li
im
mi
it
ta
at
ti
io
on
ns
s i
in
n g
ge
et
tt
ti
in
ng
g
a
ap
pp
pr
ro
op
pr
ri
ia
at
te
e a
an
nd
d u
up
pt
to
od
da
at
te
e d
da
at
ta
a i
in
n s
so
om
me
e a
ar
re
ea
as
s,
, i
it
t i
is
s h
ho
op
pe
ed
d
t
th
ha
at
t t
th
hi
is
s r
re
ep
po
or
rt
t,
, t
th
he
e f
fi
ir
rs
st
t o
of
f i
it
ts
s k
ki
in
nd
d b
by
y t
th
he
e A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n,
,
w
wi
il
ll
l c
co
on
nt
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
te
e t
to
o a
a b
be
et
tt
te
er
r u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
ta
an
nd
di
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
he
e
c
co
on
nt
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s m
ma
ad
de
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e c
ch
ha
al
ll
le
en
ng
ge
es
s f
fa
ac
ce
ed
d b
by
y P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e
H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n I
In
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s (
(P
PH
HE
EI
Is
s)
) i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a.
.
T
Th
he
e a
as
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d i
it
ts
s m
me
em
mb
be
er
r i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s a
ar
re
e
d
de
et
te
er
rm
mi
in
ne
ed
d t
to
o m
ma
ak
ke
e a
a d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e i
in
n t
th
he
e d
de
el
li
iv
ve
er
ry
y o
of
f
q
qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y o
of
f e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y.
. T
To
o t
th
hi
is
s e
en
nd
d,
, t
th
he
e
A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n l
li
ik
ke
es
s t
to
o e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
s i
it
ts
s e
ex
xp
pe
ec
ct
ta
at
ti
io
on
n f
fo
or
r a
a
c
co
on
ns
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
ti
iv
ve
e e
en
ng
ga
ag
ge
em
me
en
nt
t w
wi
it
th
h a
al
ll
l s
st
ta
ak
ke
eh
ho
ol
ld
de
er
rs
s i
in
n t
th
he
e
h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n s
sy
ys
st
te
em
m i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y.
.
F
Fi
in
na
al
ll
ly
y,
, I
I d
do
o h
ho
op
pe
e t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n c
co
on
nt
ti
in
nu
ue
es
s t
to
o
p
pr
re
ep
pa
ar
re
e a
an
nd
d r
re
el
le
ea
as
se
e r
re
ep
po
or
rt
ts
s t
th
ha
at
t r
re
ef
fe
er
r t
to
o t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
rs
s i
in
n h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
I
I w
wi
is
sh
h t
to
o t
th
ha
an
nk
k a
al
ll
l t
th
ho
os
se
e w
wh
ho
o h
ha
av
ve
e p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
te
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e
p
pr
re
ep
pa
ar
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t,
, s
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
ll
ly
y A
At
to
o A
Ad
de
el
lg
gn
ne
e
A
Ay
yt
tn
ne
ew
w,
, f
fo
or
r o
or
rg
ga
an
ni
iz
zi
in
ng
g r
re
el
la
av
vn
na
at
t d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
ns
s.
.
W
Wa
ar
rm
m r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
ds
s,
,
D
Dr
r.
. A
Ar
re
eg
ga
a Y
Yi
ir
rd
da
aw
w
C
Ch
ha
ai
ir
rm
ma
an
n
iv
6. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
1
1
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n I
I
T
Th
he
e R
Ro
ol
le
e a
an
nd
d G
Gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h o
of
f P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n I
In
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s -
- G
Ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
l
1
1.
.1
1 I
In
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n
W
Wh
he
en
n w
we
e i
in
nt
te
en
nd
d t
to
o d
di
is
sc
cu
us
ss
s m
mo
or
re
e a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, w
we
e s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d a
as
sk
k o
ou
ur
rs
se
el
lv
ve
es
s,
, w
wh
ha
at
t i
is
s h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r i
in
n
h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n?
? Y
Yo
ou
u,
, a
as
s a
a s
st
ta
ak
ke
eh
ho
ol
ld
de
er
r o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, w
wi
il
ll
l a
ag
gr
re
ee
e t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t j
ju
us
st
t a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
l
le
ev
ve
el
l o
of
f e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l s
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
tu
ur
re
e i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y,
, t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s
m
mo
or
re
e t
to
o i
it
t.
. I
In
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f t
th
he
e l
le
ev
ve
el
l,
, h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
es
s c
co
ol
ll
le
eg
ge
e a
an
nd
d u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ty
y t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g-
- l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g
t
to
ow
wa
ar
rd
ds
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
ts
s’
’ p
pr
ro
og
gr
re
es
ss
s t
to
o a
at
tt
ta
ai
in
n h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l q
qu
ua
al
li
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
. H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
im
mp
pa
ar
rt
ts
s i
in
n-
-
d
de
ep
pt
th
h k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
ta
an
nd
di
in
ng
g s
so
o a
as
s t
to
o a
ad
dv
va
an
nc
ce
e
t
th
he
e s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
ts
s t
to
o n
ne
ew
w f
fr
ro
on
nt
ti
ie
er
rs
s o
of
f k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e i
in
n d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t
w
wa
al
lk
ks
s o
of
f l
li
if
fe
e (
(s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t d
do
om
ma
ai
in
ns
s)
).
. I
It
t i
is
s a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t k
kn
no
ow
wi
in
ng
g
m
mo
or
re
e a
an
nd
d m
mo
or
re
e a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t l
le
es
ss
s a
an
nd
d l
le
es
ss
s.
. I
It
t d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
ps
s t
th
he
e
s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
t’
’s
s a
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y t
to
o q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d s
se
ee
ek
k t
tr
ru
ut
th
h a
an
nd
d m
ma
ak
ke
es
s
h
hi
im
m/
/h
he
er
r c
co
om
mp
pe
et
te
en
nt
t t
to
o c
cr
ri
it
ti
iq
qu
ue
e o
on
n c
co
on
nt
te
em
mp
po
or
ra
ar
ry
y i
is
ss
su
ue
es
s.
.
I
It
t b
br
ro
oa
ad
de
en
ns
s t
th
he
e i
in
nt
te
el
ll
le
ec
ct
tu
ua
al
l p
po
ow
we
er
rs
s o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l
w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n a
a n
na
ar
rr
ro
ow
w s
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
li
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
n,
, b
bu
ut
t a
al
ls
so
o g
gi
iv
ve
es
s h
hi
im
m/
/h
he
er
r
a
a w
wi
id
de
er
r p
pe
er
rs
sp
pe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e o
of
f t
th
he
e w
wo
or
rl
ld
d a
ar
ro
ou
un
nd
d.
. A
Ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
g t
to
o
R
Ro
on
na
al
ld
d B
Ba
ar
rn
ne
et
tt
t (
(1
19
99
92
2)
) t
th
he
er
re
e a
ar
re
e f
fo
ou
ur
r p
pr
re
ed
do
om
mi
in
na
an
nt
t
c
co
on
nc
ce
ep
pt
ts
s o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n:
:
a
a)
) H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
as
s t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f q
qu
ua
al
li
if
fi
ie
ed
d
h
hu
um
ma
an
n r
re
es
so
ou
ur
rc
ce
es
s.
. I
In
n t
th
hi
is
s v
vi
ie
ew
w,
, h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s
s
se
ee
en
n a
as
s a
a p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s i
in
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
ts
s a
ar
re
e c
co
ou
un
nt
te
ed
d
a
as
s “
“p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ts
s”
” a
ab
bs
so
or
rb
be
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e l
la
ab
bo
or
r m
ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t.
. T
Th
hu
us
s,
,
h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n b
be
ec
co
om
me
es
s i
in
np
pu
ut
t t
to
o t
th
he
e g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h a
an
nd
d
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f b
bu
us
si
in
ne
es
ss
s a
an
nd
d i
in
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y.
.
b
b)
) H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
as
s t
tr
ra
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r a
a r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h c
ca
ar
re
ee
er
r.
.
I
In
n t
th
hi
is
s v
vi
ie
ew
w,
, h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s p
pr
re
ep
pa
ar
ra
at
ti
io
on
n f
fo
or
r
q
qu
ua
al
li
if
fi
ie
ed
d s
sc
ci
ie
en
nt
ti
is
st
ts
s a
an
nd
d r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
he
er
rs
s w
wh
ho
o w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d
c
co
on
nt
ti
in
nu
uo
ou
us
sl
ly
y d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
p t
th
he
e f
fr
ro
on
nt
ti
ie
er
rs
s o
of
f k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e.
.
c
c)
) H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
as
s t
th
he
e e
ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nt
t m
ma
an
na
ag
ge
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f
t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n.
. M
Ma
an
ny
y s
st
tr
ro
on
ng
gl
ly
y b
be
el
li
ie
ev
ve
e t
th
ha
at
t
t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g i
is
s t
th
he
e c
co
or
re
e o
of
f e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s.
.
T
Th
hu
us
s,
, h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s f
fo
oc
cu
us
s o
on
n
e
ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nt
t m
ma
an
na
ag
ge
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g-
-l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s b
by
y i
im
mp
pr
ro
ov
vi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e q
qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y o
of
f t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g,
,
e
en
na
ab
bl
li
in
ng
g a
a h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r c
co
om
mp
pl
le
et
ti
io
on
n r
ra
at
te
e a
am
mo
on
ng
g t
th
he
e
s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
ts
s.
.
d
d)
) H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
as
s a
a m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r o
of
f e
ex
xt
te
en
nd
di
in
ng
g l
li
if
fe
e
c
ch
ha
an
nc
ce
es
s.
. I
In
n t
th
hi
is
s v
vi
ie
ew
w,
, h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s s
se
ee
en
n a
as
s a
an
n
o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ty
y t
to
o p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
te
e i
in
n t
th
he
e d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h a
a f
fl
le
ex
xi
ib
bl
le
e,
,
c
co
on
nt
ti
in
nu
ui
in
ng
g e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n m
mo
od
de
e.
.
I
In
nt
te
er
re
es
st
ti
in
ng
gl
ly
y,
, a
al
ll
l t
th
he
es
se
e f
fo
ou
ur
r c
co
on
nc
ce
ep
pt
ts
s o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
ar
re
e n
no
ot
t e
ex
xc
cl
lu
us
si
iv
ve
e;
; r
ra
at
th
he
er
r t
th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e i
in
nt
te
eg
gr
ra
at
te
ed
d
a
an
nd
d g
gi
iv
ve
e a
an
n o
ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l p
pi
ic
ct
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f w
wh
ha
at
t h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r i
is
s i
in
n h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
. I
If
f w
we
e l
lo
oo
ok
k a
at
t t
th
he
e a
ac
ct
ti
iv
vi
it
ti
ie
es
s o
of
f c
co
ol
ll
le
eg
ge
es
s a
an
nd
d
u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s,
, w
we
e w
wi
il
ll
l r
re
ea
al
li
iz
ze
e t
th
ha
at
t t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g,
, r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d
c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e f
fo
or
rm
m t
th
he
e t
th
hr
re
ee
e m
ma
ai
in
n f
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s o
of
f
h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
7. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
2
2
1
1.
.2
2 T
Th
he
e R
Ro
ol
le
e o
of
f H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
R
Ro
ol
le
e o
of
f H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e S
So
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y
H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
ll
ly
y u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
to
oo
od
d t
to
o c
co
ov
ve
er
r
t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g,
, r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e.
. I
If
f w
we
e
c
cr
ri
it
ti
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y a
an
na
al
ly
yz
ze
e t
th
he
e d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t c
co
on
nc
ce
ep
pt
ts
s o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, w
we
e c
ca
an
n l
li
is
st
t t
th
he
e v
va
ar
ri
io
ou
us
s r
ro
ol
le
es
s h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
p
pl
la
ay
ys
s i
in
n t
th
he
e s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y.
. H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s t
th
he
e s
so
ou
ur
rc
ce
e o
or
r
f
fe
ee
ed
de
er
r s
sy
ys
st
te
em
m i
in
n a
al
ll
l w
wa
al
lk
ks
s o
of
f l
li
if
fe
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e s
su
up
pp
pl
li
ie
es
s
t
th
he
e m
mu
uc
ch
h-
-n
ne
ee
ed
de
ed
d h
hu
um
ma
an
n r
re
es
so
ou
ur
rc
ce
es
s i
in
n m
ma
an
na
ag
ge
em
me
en
nt
t,
,
p
pl
la
an
nn
ni
in
ng
g,
, d
de
es
si
ig
gn
n,
, t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h.
. S
Sc
ci
ie
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
c a
an
nd
d
t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l a
ad
dv
va
an
nc
ce
em
me
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h o
of
f a
a
c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y a
ar
re
e h
hi
ig
gh
hl
ly
y d
de
ep
pe
en
nd
de
en
nt
t o
on
n t
th
he
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
s
sy
ys
st
te
em
m.
. D
De
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f i
in
nd
di
ig
ge
en
no
ou
us
s t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y a
an
nd
d
c
ca
ap
pa
ab
bi
il
li
it
ti
ie
es
s i
in
n a
ag
gr
ri
ic
cu
ul
lt
tu
ur
re
e,
, f
fo
oo
od
d s
se
ec
cu
ur
ri
it
ty
y,
, p
po
ov
ve
er
rt
ty
y
r
re
ed
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n,
, a
an
nd
d o
ot
th
he
er
r i
in
nd
du
us
st
tr
ri
ia
al
l a
ar
re
ea
as
s a
ar
re
e p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e
b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e o
of
f o
ou
ur
r w
wo
or
rl
ld
d-
-c
cl
la
as
ss
s h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
i
in
nf
fr
ra
as
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
tu
ur
re
e.
. H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
al
ls
so
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s
o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s f
fo
or
r l
li
if
fe
el
lo
on
ng
g l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g,
, a
al
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g p
pe
eo
op
pl
le
e t
to
o
u
up
pg
gr
ra
ad
de
e t
th
he
ei
ir
r k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d s
sk
ki
il
ll
ls
s f
fr
ro
om
m t
ti
im
me
e t
to
o t
ti
im
me
e
b
ba
as
se
ed
d o
on
n t
th
he
e s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ta
al
l n
ne
ee
ed
ds
s.
. T
Th
he
e K
Ko
ot
th
ha
ar
ri
i C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n
l
li
is
st
te
ed
d t
th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g r
ro
ol
le
es
s o
of
f t
th
he
e u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s (
(G
GO
OI
I,
, 1
19
96
66
6,
,
P
P.
.4
49
97
7-
-8
8)
):
:
t
to
o s
se
ee
ek
k a
an
nd
d c
cu
ul
lt
ti
iv
va
at
te
e n
ne
ew
w k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e,
, t
to
o e
en
ng
ga
ag
ge
e
v
vi
ig
go
or
ro
ou
us
sl
ly
y a
an
nd
d f
fe
ea
ar
rl
le
es
ss
sl
ly
y i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rs
su
ui
it
t o
of
f t
tr
ru
ut
th
h,
, a
an
nd
d
t
to
o i
in
nt
te
er
rp
pr
re
et
t o
ol
ld
d k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d b
be
el
li
ie
ef
fs
s i
in
n t
th
he
e l
li
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f
n
ne
ew
w n
ne
ee
ed
ds
s a
an
nd
d d
di
is
sc
co
ov
ve
er
ri
ie
es
s;
;
t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t k
ki
in
nd
d o
of
f l
le
ea
ad
de
er
rs
sh
hi
ip
p i
in
n a
al
ll
l w
wa
al
lk
ks
s
o
of
f l
li
if
fe
e,
, t
to
o i
id
de
en
nt
ti
if
fy
y g
gi
if
ft
te
ed
d y
yo
ou
ut
th
h a
an
nd
d h
he
el
lp
p t
th
he
em
m
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
p t
th
he
ei
ir
r p
po
ot
te
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l t
to
o t
th
he
e f
fu
ul
ll
l b
by
y c
cu
ul
lt
ti
iv
va
at
ti
in
ng
g
p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l f
fi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s,
, d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
po
ow
we
er
rs
s o
of
f t
th
he
e m
mi
in
nd
d
a
an
nd
d c
cu
ul
lt
ti
iv
va
at
ti
in
ng
g r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
ts
s,
, a
at
tt
ti
it
tu
ud
de
es
s a
an
nd
d m
mo
or
ra
al
l
a
an
nd
d i
in
nt
te
el
ll
le
ec
ct
tu
ua
al
l v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s;
;
t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e t
th
he
e s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y w
wi
it
th
h c
co
om
mp
pe
et
te
en
nt
t m
me
en
n a
an
nd
d
w
wo
om
me
en
n t
tr
ra
ai
in
ne
ed
d i
in
n a
ag
gr
ri
ic
cu
ul
lt
tu
ur
re
e,
, a
ar
rt
ts
s,
, m
me
ed
di
ic
ci
in
ne
e,
,
s
sc
ci
ie
en
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y a
an
nd
d v
va
ar
ri
io
ou
us
s o
ot
th
he
er
r
p
pr
ro
of
fe
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s,
, w
wh
ho
o w
wi
il
ll
l a
al
ls
so
o b
be
e c
cu
ul
lt
ti
iv
va
at
te
ed
d i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
ls
s,
,
i
im
mb
bi
ib
be
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h a
a s
se
en
ns
se
e o
of
f s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e;
;
t
to
o s
st
tr
ri
iv
ve
e t
to
o p
pr
ro
om
mo
ot
te
e q
qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y a
an
nd
d s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l j
ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e,
, a
an
nd
d
t
to
o r
re
ed
du
uc
ce
e s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l a
an
nd
d c
cu
ul
lt
tu
ur
ra
al
l d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
es
s t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h
d
di
if
ff
fu
us
si
io
on
n o
of
f e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n;
; a
an
nd
d
t
to
o f
fo
os
st
te
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e t
te
ea
ac
ch
he
er
rs
s a
an
nd
d s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
ts
s,
, a
an
nd
d t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h
t
th
he
em
m i
in
n t
th
he
e s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
ll
ly
y,
, t
th
he
e a
at
tt
ti
it
tu
ud
de
es
s a
an
nd
d
v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s n
ne
ee
ed
de
ed
d f
fo
or
r d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e ‘
‘g
go
oo
od
d l
li
if
fe
e’
’ i
in
n
i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
ls
s a
an
nd
d s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y.
.
B
Be
es
si
id
de
es
s,
, t
th
he
e r
re
ep
po
or
rt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e U
UN
NE
ES
SC
CO
O I
In
nt
te
er
rn
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l
C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
on
n E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e 2
21
1s
st
t
C
Ce
en
nt
tu
ur
ry
y t
ti
it
tl
le
ed
d
‘
‘L
Le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g’
’:
: T
Th
he
e T
Tr
re
ea
as
su
ur
re
e W
Wi
it
th
hi
in
n’
’ (
(p
po
op
pu
ul
la
ar
rl
ly
y k
kn
no
ow
wn
n a
as
s
D
De
el
lo
or
rs
s C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n)
) e
em
mp
ph
ha
as
si
iz
ze
ed
d f
fo
ou
ur
r p
pi
il
ll
la
ar
rs
s o
of
f
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n:
: l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g t
to
o k
kn
no
ow
w,
, l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g t
to
o d
do
o,
, l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g t
to
o
l
li
iv
ve
e t
to
og
ge
et
th
he
er
r a
an
nd
d l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g t
to
o b
be
e.
. W
Wh
hi
il
le
e,
, h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
nt
te
en
nd
ds
s t
to
o i
in
nc
cu
ul
lc
ca
at
te
e a
al
ll
l t
th
he
es
se
e f
fo
ou
ur
r i
in
n
i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
ls
s a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y,
, t
th
he
e s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c f
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s o
of
f
h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
ar
re
e:
:
T
To
o p
pr
re
ep
pa
ar
re
e s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
ts
s f
fo
or
r r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g;
;
T
To
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e h
hi
ig
gh
hl
ly
y s
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
li
iz
ze
ed
d t
tr
ra
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
es
s
a
ad
da
ap
pt
te
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e n
ne
ee
ed
ds
s o
of
f e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c a
an
nd
d s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l l
li
if
fe
e;
;
T
To
o b
be
e o
op
pe
en
n t
to
o a
al
ll
l,
, s
so
o a
as
s t
to
o c
ca
at
te
er
r t
to
o t
th
he
e m
ma
an
ny
y a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s
o
of
f l
li
if
fe
el
lo
on
ng
g e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e w
wi
id
de
es
st
t s
se
en
ns
se
e;
; a
an
nd
d
T
To
o p
pr
ro
om
mo
ot
te
e i
in
nt
te
er
rn
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l c
co
oo
op
pe
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h
i
in
nt
te
er
rn
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
li
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h,
, t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y,
,
n
ne
et
tw
wo
or
rk
ki
in
ng
g,
, a
an
nd
d f
fr
re
ee
e m
mo
ov
ve
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f p
pe
er
rs
so
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d
s
sc
ci
ie
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
c i
id
de
ea
as
s (
(U
UN
NE
ES
SC
CO
O,
, 1
19
99
96
6)
).
.
8. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
3
3
H
Hi
is
st
to
or
ry
y o
of
f H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n D
De
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t
A
Al
lt
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
he
e b
be
en
ne
ef
fi
it
ts
s o
of
f e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n f
fo
or
r d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d
s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e h
ha
av
ve
e l
lo
on
ng
g b
be
ee
en
n c
co
on
nt
te
em
mp
pl
la
at
te
ed
d,
, t
th
he
e
c
co
on
nt
te
em
mp
po
or
ra
ar
ry
y s
st
tu
ud
dy
y o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pi
in
ng
g c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s e
em
me
er
rg
ge
ed
d a
al
lo
on
ng
gs
si
id
de
e p
po
os
st
t-
-c
co
ol
lo
on
ni
ia
al
l
d
di
is
sc
co
ou
ur
rs
se
es
s a
an
nd
d m
mo
od
de
er
rn
ni
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
n t
th
he
eo
or
ri
ie
es
s o
on
n h
ho
ow
w b
be
es
st
t t
to
o
m
mo
od
de
er
rn
ni
iz
ze
e s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ti
ie
es
s.
. I
In
n m
mo
os
st
t p
pa
ar
rt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pi
in
ng
g
w
wo
or
rl
ld
d,
, e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
l w
wa
as
s s
se
ee
en
n a
as
s p
pl
la
ay
yi
in
ng
g a
an
n
i
in
nd
di
is
sp
pe
en
ns
sa
ab
bl
le
e r
ro
ol
le
e i
in
n n
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t
a
an
nd
d c
cu
ul
lt
ti
iv
va
at
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y c
ci
iv
vi
ic
c v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s f
fo
or
r s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ta
al
l
a
an
nd
d p
po
ol
li
it
ti
ic
ca
al
l p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
he
e o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
t o
of
f a
an
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s i
is
s
u
us
su
ua
al
ll
ly
y c
co
on
nc
ce
en
nt
tr
ra
at
te
ed
d o
on
n t
th
he
e w
wa
ay
y i
in
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
ts
s
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d u
ut
ti
il
li
iz
ze
e t
th
he
e n
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n s
sy
ys
st
te
em
m t
to
o
t
tr
ra
ai
in
n p
pe
eo
op
pl
le
e i
in
n t
th
he
e s
sk
ki
il
ll
ls
s n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y f
fo
or
r e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c
g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h.
. H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s u
us
su
ua
al
ll
ly
y l
li
im
mi
it
te
ed
d t
to
o
u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h o
of
ft
te
en
n h
ha
ad
d a
a c
co
on
nc
ce
ep
pt
ti
io
on
n o
of
f “
“t
tr
ru
ue
e
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n”
” a
as
s a
a p
pu
ur
re
el
ly
y a
ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
c e
en
nd
de
ea
av
vo
or
r,
, a
an
nd
d n
no
ot
t
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ri
il
ly
y d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
tl
ly
y r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t t
to
o l
lo
oc
ca
al
l c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s.
.
I
In
n t
th
he
e 1
19
98
80
0s
s,
, h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
al
ll
ly
y
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d l
le
es
ss
s i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
t f
fo
or
r e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c
g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h a
an
nd
d s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e.
. T
Th
hi
is
s d
de
ec
cl
li
in
ne
e w
wa
as
s d
du
ue
e t
to
o t
th
hr
re
ee
e
t
tr
re
en
nd
ds
s (
(C
Ch
ha
ap
pm
ma
an
n 2
20
00
02
2)
).
.
F
Fi
ir
rs
st
t,
, u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s f
fa
ai
il
le
ed
d t
to
o p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e t
th
he
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s t
th
ha
at
t
w
we
er
re
e e
ex
xp
pe
ec
ct
te
ed
d o
of
f t
th
he
em
m i
in
n m
mu
uc
ch
h o
of
f t
th
he
e d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pi
in
ng
g
w
wo
or
rl
ld
d.
.
S
Se
ec
co
on
nd
d,
, m
ma
an
ny
y H
HE
EI
Is
s w
we
er
re
e n
no
ot
t c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ne
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h l
lo
oc
ca
al
l,
,
r
re
eg
gi
io
on
na
al
l,
, o
or
r n
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l i
is
ss
su
ue
es
s a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
ob
bl
le
em
ms
s.
. T
Th
he
e
c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d s
st
ty
yl
le
e o
of
f e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s o
of
ft
te
en
n d
di
iv
vo
or
rc
ce
ed
d
f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e r
re
ea
al
li
it
ty
y t
th
ha
at
t s
su
ur
rr
ro
ou
un
nd
de
ed
d t
th
he
em
m a
an
nd
d
s
so
om
me
et
ti
im
me
es
s e
ex
xa
ac
ce
er
rb
ba
at
te
ed
d i
in
ne
eq
qu
ua
al
li
it
ti
ie
es
s.
.
L
La
as
st
tl
ly
y,
, d
du
ue
e t
to
o a
a h
hi
ig
gh
hl
ly
y e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c v
vi
ie
ew
w o
of
f
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ti
in
ng
g m
me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s o
of
f
m
me
ea
as
su
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pa
ac
ct
t o
of
f H
HE
EI
Is
s,
, i
it
t w
wa
as
s c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d t
to
o
h
ha
av
ve
e a
a “
“l
lo
ow
w r
ra
at
te
e o
of
f r
re
et
tu
ur
rn
n”
” a
an
nd
d f
fu
un
nd
di
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d
a
at
tt
te
en
nt
ti
io
on
n w
we
er
re
e a
al
ll
lo
oc
ca
at
te
ed
d t
to
o p
pr
ri
im
ma
ar
ry
y a
an
nd
d s
se
ec
co
on
nd
da
ar
ry
y
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
T
Th
hi
is
s l
lo
ow
w p
po
oi
in
nt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e f
fo
oc
cu
us
s o
on
n t
th
he
e r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t f
fa
ac
ci
il
li
it
ta
at
te
ed
d t
th
he
e d
de
eg
gr
ra
ad
da
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
H
HE
EI
Is
s i
in
n m
ma
an
ny
y p
pa
ar
rt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pi
in
ng
g w
wo
or
rl
ld
d.
. I
It
t a
al
ls
so
o l
le
ed
d
t
to
o a
a d
de
ec
cr
re
ea
as
se
e i
in
n s
st
tu
ud
di
ie
es
s o
on
n t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t.
.
M
Mo
or
re
e r
re
ec
ce
en
nt
tl
ly
y,
, t
th
he
e s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l a
an
nd
d e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f H
HE
EI
Is
s i
in
n
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t h
ha
as
s r
re
eg
ga
ai
in
ne
ed
d p
pr
ro
om
mi
in
ne
en
nc
ce
e i
in
n t
th
he
e
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t a
ag
ge
en
nd
da
a.
. A
Ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
ll
ly
y,
, t
th
he
e a
an
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s
c
co
on
nn
ne
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n h
ha
as
s e
ex
xp
pa
an
nd
de
ed
d t
to
o i
in
nc
co
or
rp
po
or
ra
at
te
e n
ne
ew
w e
el
le
em
me
en
nt
ts
s.
.
F
Fo
or
r i
in
ns
st
ta
an
nc
ce
e,
, t
th
he
e U
UN
N v
vi
ie
ew
ws
s h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
as
s i
in
nt
te
eg
gr
ra
al
l
t
to
o a
al
ll
l a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s o
of
f d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s e
en
nv
vi
ir
ro
on
nm
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
a
aw
wa
ar
re
en
ne
es
ss
s a
an
nd
d s
su
us
st
ta
ai
in
na
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y,
, p
po
os
st
t-
-c
co
on
nf
fl
li
ic
ct
t r
re
es
so
ol
lu
ut
ti
io
on
n,
,
p
po
ov
ve
er
rt
ty
y a
al
ll
le
ev
vi
ia
at
ti
io
on
n,
, c
cu
ul
lt
ti
iv
va
at
ti
in
ng
g v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s h
hu
um
ma
an
n
r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s,
, h
he
ea
al
lt
th
h c
ca
ar
re
e i
is
ss
su
ue
es
s,
, a
an
nd
d c
cu
ul
lt
tu
ur
ra
al
l p
pr
re
es
se
er
rv
va
at
ti
io
on
n o
or
r
c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e.
. T
Th
he
e U
UN
N s
se
ee
es
s t
th
ha
at
t H
HE
EI
Is
s c
cu
ul
lt
ti
iv
va
at
te
e c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
n v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s
a
an
nd
d u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
ta
an
nd
di
in
ng
g o
of
f i
is
ss
su
ue
es
s t
th
ha
at
t f
fa
ac
ci
il
li
it
ta
at
te
e b
bo
ot
th
h
e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c a
an
nd
d s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t.
. F
Fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
rm
mo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e
s
sc
co
op
pe
e o
of
f t
th
he
e e
ef
ff
fe
ec
ct
ts
s o
of
f H
HE
EI
Is
s i
is
s b
be
ei
in
ng
g r
re
ec
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d.
.
S
So
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y a
an
nd
d H
HE
EI
Is
s a
ar
re
e w
wi
id
de
el
ly
y d
di
is
sc
cu
us
ss
se
ed
d a
as
s b
be
ei
in
ng
g
m
mu
ut
tu
ua
al
ll
ly
y c
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
iv
ve
e,
, t
th
ha
at
t s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y a
an
nd
d H
HE
EI
Is
s c
co
o-
-e
ev
vo
ol
lv
ve
e
(
(Z
Za
ag
gl
lu
ul
l a
an
nd
d J
Ju
um
ma
a 2
20
00
06
6)
).
. H
HE
EI
Is
s,
, b
bu
ut
t u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s i
in
n
p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
r,
, a
ar
re
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
og
ge
en
ni
it
to
or
rs
s o
of
f s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l
c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
he
e g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d d
di
is
ss
se
em
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d n
ne
ew
w i
id
de
ea
as
s e
es
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
ll
ly
y i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
ex
xt
t o
of
f
g
gl
lo
ob
ba
al
li
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
n (
(T
Ta
ay
yl
lo
or
r 2
20
00
08
8)
).
. T
Th
hi
is
s s
su
ug
gg
ge
es
st
ts
s a
a r
re
e-
-
c
co
on
nc
ce
ep
pt
tu
ua
al
li
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f H
HE
EI
Is
s i
in
n s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y,
,
c
cu
ul
lt
tu
ur
re
e a
an
nd
d d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t (
(M
Mc
cL
La
au
ug
gh
hl
li
in
n,
, T
T.
. 2
20
00
07
7)
).
.
9. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
4
4
T
Th
hu
us
s a
a m
ma
aj
jo
or
r t
th
he
em
me
e t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
ho
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
em
mp
po
or
ra
ar
ry
y
l
li
it
te
er
ra
at
tu
ur
re
e i
is
s t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oa
ac
ct
ti
iv
ve
e r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f t
th
he
e H
HE
EI
I i
in
n t
th
he
e
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s.
.
T
Th
he
e H
HE
EI
I s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e a
aw
wa
ar
re
e o
of
f i
it
ts
s r
ro
ol
le
e a
an
nd
d b
ba
as
se
e i
it
ts
s
o
op
pe
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
ns
s a
ar
ro
ou
un
nd
d d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
ta
al
l o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
es
s (
(B
Ba
aw
wd
de
en
n
2
20
00
08
8)
).
.
T
Th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g p
po
oi
in
nt
ts
s r
re
ep
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t t
th
he
e m
mo
os
st
t b
ba
as
si
ic
c a
an
nd
d
c
co
om
mm
mo
on
n w
wa
ay
ys
s i
in
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h H
HE
EI
Is
s a
ar
re
e v
vi
ie
ew
we
ed
d t
to
o c
co
on
nt
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
te
e
t
to
o d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t.
.
H
Hu
um
ma
an
n C
Ca
ap
pi
it
ta
al
l a
an
nd
d C
Ca
ap
pa
ac
ci
it
ty
y D
De
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t
I
In
n t
th
he
e “
“s
st
ta
an
nd
da
ar
rd
d”
” c
co
on
nc
ce
ep
pt
tu
ua
al
li
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
n,
, h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
c
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
te
es
s a
a f
fo
or
rm
m o
of
f s
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
li
iz
ze
ed
d t
tr
ra
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g.
. W
Wh
ha
at
t u
us
se
ed
d t
to
o
b
be
e r
re
ef
fe
er
rr
re
ed
d t
to
o a
as
s “
“m
ma
an
n-
-p
po
ow
we
er
r p
pl
la
an
nn
ni
in
ng
g,
,”
” h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s t
th
he
e k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e b
ba
as
se
e,
, s
sk
ki
il
ll
ls
s,
, a
an
nd
d
t
tr
ra
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g t
to
o p
pe
er
rf
fo
or
rm
m s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c t
ta
as
sk
ks
s a
an
nd
d j
jo
ob
bs
s
(
(P
Ps
sa
ac
ch
ha
ar
ro
op
po
ou
ul
lo
os
s 1
19
98
88
8)
).
. I
In
n e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c t
te
er
rm
ms
s,
, “
“h
hu
um
ma
an
n
c
ca
ap
pi
it
ta
al
l”
” a
ad
dd
ds
s h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r l
le
ev
ve
el
ls
s o
of
f e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d
c
co
om
mp
pe
et
te
en
nc
cy
y t
to
o t
th
he
e n
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l c
ca
ap
pa
ac
ci
it
ty
y f
fo
or
r e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c
g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h.
. C
Ca
ap
pa
ac
ci
it
ty
y d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t i
is
s a
an
no
ot
th
he
er
r s
si
im
mi
il
la
ar
r t
te
er
rm
m
s
so
om
me
et
ti
im
me
es
s u
us
se
ed
d t
to
o d
de
es
sc
cr
ri
ib
be
e t
th
hi
is
s u
ut
ti
il
li
it
ta
ar
ri
ia
an
n a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
M
Me
et
th
ho
od
do
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l o
or
r L
Li
ib
be
er
ra
al
l L
Le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g
L
Li
ib
be
er
ra
al
l a
ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
he
es
s t
to
o l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g a
ar
re
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d a
at
t t
th
he
e s
se
el
lf
f
a
an
nd
d i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h.
. I
In
n c
co
on
nt
te
em
mp
po
or
ra
ar
ry
y “
“k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e
s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ti
ie
es
s”
” a
an
nd
d i
in
n a
a g
gl
lo
ob
ba
al
li
is
se
ed
d w
wo
or
rl
ld
d w
wi
it
th
h c
co
on
ns
st
ta
an
nt
t r
ra
ap
pi
id
d
c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e,
, m
me
et
th
ho
od
do
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g (
(l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g h
ho
ow
w t
to
o
l
le
ea
ar
rn
n)
) a
an
nd
d c
cr
ri
it
ti
ic
ca
al
l i
in
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y a
ar
re
e i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t f
fo
or
r p
pe
eo
op
pl
le
e a
an
nd
d
c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s t
to
o a
ad
da
ap
pt
t t
to
o n
ne
ew
w s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d t
to
o
c
co
on
ns
si
is
st
te
en
nt
tl
ly
y u
up
pg
gr
ra
ad
de
e a
an
nd
d r
re
en
ne
ew
w k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d s
sk
ki
il
ll
ls
s
(
(P
Py
yl
le
e a
an
nd
d F
Fo
or
rr
ra
an
nt
t 2
20
00
02
2)
).
. T
Th
hi
is
s a
al
ls
so
o r
re
el
la
at
te
es
s t
to
o
m
ma
ai
in
nt
ta
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g a
ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
c v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s a
an
nd
d s
st
ta
an
nd
da
ar
rd
ds
s.
. L
Li
ib
be
er
ra
al
l
a
ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
he
es
s t
to
o e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
al
ls
so
o i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e i
in
nn
no
ov
va
at
ti
iv
ve
e
c
cu
ur
rr
ri
ic
cu
ul
la
a a
an
nd
d p
pe
ed
da
ag
go
og
gi
ie
es
s a
as
s w
we
el
ll
l a
as
s p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g
o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s f
fo
or
r l
li
if
fe
el
lo
on
ng
g l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r l
li
if
fe
e
(
(Y
Ye
ea
ax
xl
le
ee
e 1
19
92
29
9)
).
.
S
So
oc
ci
ia
al
l v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s
H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s a
al
ls
so
o s
se
ee
en
n a
as
s c
cu
ul
lt
ti
iv
va
at
ti
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d
i
in
nc
cu
ul
lc
ca
at
ti
in
ng
g s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l a
an
nd
d m
mo
or
ra
al
l v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s i
in
n s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
ts
s a
an
nd
d
s
su
ur
rr
ro
ou
un
nd
di
in
ng
g c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s.
.
A
As
s s
su
uc
ch
h,
, t
th
he
e H
HE
EI
I p
pl
la
ay
ys
s a
an
n i
in
nt
te
eg
gr
ra
al
l r
ro
ol
le
e i
in
n s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l a
an
nd
d
c
cu
ul
lt
tu
ur
ra
al
l t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n o
or
r p
pr
re
es
se
er
rv
va
at
ti
io
on
n.
. E
Ea
ar
rl
ly
y
a
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
ns
s o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s p
pe
er
rs
sp
pe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e c
co
om
me
e f
fr
ro
om
m N
Ne
ew
wm
ma
an
n’
’s
s
I
Id
de
ea
a o
of
f a
a U
Un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ty
y,
, a
an
nd
d t
th
he
er
re
e n
no
ow
w e
ex
xi
is
st
t n
nu
um
me
er
ro
ou
us
s
c
co
on
nc
ce
ep
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s.
. O
On
ne
e e
ex
xa
am
mp
pl
le
e i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
es
s t
th
he
e i
id
de
ea
as
s o
of
f s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l
c
ca
ap
pi
it
ta
al
l a
an
nd
d c
ci
iv
vi
ic
c c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y p
po
op
pu
ul
la
ar
ri
iz
ze
ed
d b
by
y R
Ro
ob
be
er
rt
t
P
Pu
ut
tn
na
am
m w
wh
he
er
re
eb
by
y c
ci
iv
vi
il
l s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y e
en
ng
ga
ag
ge
es
s w
wi
it
th
h g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
t
a
an
nd
d o
ot
th
he
er
r s
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
tu
ur
re
es
s i
in
n a
a c
co
on
ns
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
ti
iv
ve
e m
ma
an
nn
ne
er
r s
so
o a
as
s t
to
o
f
fa
ac
ci
il
li
it
ta
at
te
e t
th
he
ei
ir
r f
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
ni
in
ng
g.
. A
An
no
ot
th
he
er
r p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ty
y i
is
s t
th
he
e
r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n c
cu
ul
lt
ti
iv
va
at
ti
in
ng
g d
de
em
mo
oc
cr
ra
at
ti
ic
c
v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s o
or
r i
in
nt
te
er
rn
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l o
or
r g
gl
lo
ob
ba
al
l c
ci
it
ti
iz
ze
en
ns
sh
hi
ip
p (
(D
De
el
la
an
nt
ty
y
2
20
00
08
8)
).
. T
Th
he
e c
co
om
mm
mo
on
n c
cl
la
ai
im
m b
be
et
tw
we
ee
en
n t
th
he
es
se
e a
ar
rg
gu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s i
is
s
t
th
ha
at
t h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d c
cr
re
ea
at
te
e s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
ll
ly
y r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
si
ib
bl
le
e
a
an
nd
d a
aw
wa
ar
re
e g
gr
ra
ad
du
ua
at
te
es
s c
ca
ap
pa
ab
bl
le
e o
of
f l
le
ea
ad
di
in
ng
g a
a c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y o
or
r
c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y t
to
ow
wa
ar
rd
ds
s p
pr
ro
os
sp
pe
er
ri
it
ty
y a
an
nd
d s
su
uc
cc
ce
es
ss
s.
.
T
Tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
iv
ve
e E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d C
Cr
ri
it
ti
ic
ca
al
l A
Ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
he
es
s
P
Pe
er
rs
so
on
n-
-c
ce
en
nt
te
er
re
ed
d a
ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
he
es
s,
, i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
iv
ve
e
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n t
th
he
eo
or
ry
y (
(O
O’
’S
Su
ul
ll
li
iv
va
an
n 1
19
99
99
9)
) a
an
nd
d c
cr
ri
it
ti
ic
ca
al
l
p
pe
ed
da
ag
go
og
gi
ie
es
s b
bo
or
rr
ro
ow
w h
he
ea
av
vi
il
ly
y f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e p
ph
hi
il
lo
os
so
op
ph
hy
y o
of
f
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n (
(E
El
li
ia
as
s a
an
nd
d M
Me
er
rr
ri
ia
am
m 1
19
98
80
0)
).
. W
Wh
hi
il
le
e i
it
t i
is
s c
cl
le
ea
ar
r
10. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
5
5
t
th
ha
at
t p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d p
pe
er
rs
sp
pe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e s
sh
hi
if
ft
ts
s
c
cr
re
ea
at
te
e t
th
he
e p
po
ot
te
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l f
fo
or
r w
wi
id
de
er
r p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
se
es
s o
of
f s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l a
an
nd
d
h
hu
um
ma
an
n d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t,
, i
it
t i
is
s s
so
om
me
et
ti
im
me
es
s u
un
nc
cl
le
ea
ar
r h
ho
ow
w
s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
ns
s o
or
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l
e
ex
xp
pe
er
ri
ie
en
nc
ce
es
s c
ca
an
n d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
tl
ly
y a
an
nd
d s
sy
ys
st
te
em
ma
at
ti
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y c
co
on
nt
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
te
e
t
to
o d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t.
. H
Ho
ow
w d
do
o t
th
he
e b
be
en
ne
ef
fi
it
ts
s o
of
f t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
iv
ve
e
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n p
pe
er
rm
me
ea
at
te
e s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y a
an
nd
d i
im
mp
pa
ac
ct
t l
la
ar
rg
ge
er
r s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l
c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e?
? W
Wh
ha
at
t a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s o
of
f t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
iv
ve
e e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
e
en
na
ab
bl
le
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
ls
s a
as
s a
ag
ge
en
nt
ts
s o
of
f s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e a
an
nd
d h
ho
ow
w
c
ca
an
n t
th
hi
is
s e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n b
be
es
st
t s
se
er
rv
ve
e a
as
s a
a c
ca
at
ta
al
ly
ys
st
t f
fo
or
r
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t?
? O
O’
’S
Su
ul
ll
li
iv
va
an
n (
(1
19
99
99
9)
) a
ar
rg
gu
ue
es
s t
th
ha
at
t e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
c
ca
an
n b
be
e c
cr
ri
it
ti
ic
ca
al
l o
of
f,
, t
tr
ra
an
ns
sc
ce
en
nd
d,
, o
or
r i
im
mp
pr
ro
ov
ve
e d
di
is
sc
co
ou
ur
rs
se
es
s a
an
nd
d
c
co
on
nc
ce
ep
pt
ts
s o
of
f p
pr
ro
og
gr
re
es
ss
s a
an
nd
d d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h s
sh
hi
if
ft
ts
s o
of
f
c
co
on
ns
sc
ci
io
ou
us
sn
ne
es
ss
s i
in
n t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
iv
ve
e l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g.
.
F
Fa
au
ur
re
e’
’s
s (
(1
19
97
72
2)
) c
co
on
nc
ce
ep
pt
t o
of
f l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g t
to
o b
be
e,
, l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g t
to
o
l
li
iv
ve
e t
to
og
ge
et
th
he
er
r,
, l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g t
to
o d
do
o a
an
nd
d l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g t
to
o k
kn
no
ow
w i
is
s a
an
n
i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t t
th
he
eo
or
re
et
ti
ic
ca
al
l f
fo
ou
un
nd
da
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f m
mu
uc
ch
h o
of
f
U
UN
NE
ES
SC
CO
O’
’s
s w
wo
or
rk
k i
in
n h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t.
.
I
It
t s
se
ee
ek
ks
s t
to
o i
in
nc
co
or
rp
po
or
ra
at
te
e h
ho
ow
w i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
ls
s u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
ta
an
nd
d
t
th
he
em
ms
se
el
lv
ve
es
s,
, h
ho
ow
w t
th
he
ey
y c
ca
an
n f
fu
ul
lf
fi
il
ll
l t
th
he
ei
ir
r p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
p
po
ot
te
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l,
, a
an
nd
d h
ho
ow
w t
th
he
ey
y m
mi
ig
gh
ht
t a
ac
ct
t a
as
s a
ag
ge
en
nt
ts
s f
fo
or
r c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e
i
in
n l
la
ar
rg
ge
er
r s
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
tu
ur
ra
al
l c
co
on
nt
te
ex
xt
ts
s.
. A
Al
lt
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
hi
is
s d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ri
il
ly
y c
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
te
e a
a c
cr
ri
it
ti
ic
ca
al
l o
or
r t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
iv
ve
e
a
ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
h,
, i
it
t c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ns
s s
si
im
mi
il
la
ar
r e
el
le
em
me
en
nt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nc
ce
e
o
of
f i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l i
in
nt
te
er
rn
na
al
l r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
he
e U
UN
N
s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
to
or
rs
s s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s t
th
he
e H
Hu
um
ma
an
n
D
De
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t I
In
nd
de
ex
x,
, w
wh
hi
il
le
e i
im
mp
pr
ro
ov
vi
in
ng
g o
on
n p
pu
ur
re
el
ly
y
e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c m
mo
od
de
el
ls
s,
, r
re
ep
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t f
fo
or
r h
hu
um
ma
an
ns
s,
,
n
no
ot
t d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t a
as
s h
hu
um
ma
an
ns
s,
, a
an
nd
d a
ar
re
e,
, i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s s
se
en
ns
se
e,
, n
no
ot
t
f
fo
oc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
on
n i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
ns
s (
(S
Sa
ag
ga
ar
r 1
19
99
99
9)
).
.
T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s a
a c
cr
ri
it
ti
ic
ci
is
sm
m t
th
ha
at
t o
on
ne
e c
co
ou
ul
ld
d e
ex
xt
te
en
nd
d t
to
o n
no
ot
ti
io
on
ns
s o
of
f
‘
‘p
pe
eo
op
pl
le
e-
-c
ce
en
nt
te
er
re
ed
d d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t’
’ (
(K
Ko
or
rt
te
en
n 1
19
99
91
1)
) o
or
r
‘
‘A
An
no
ot
th
he
er
r D
De
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t’
’ p
pu
ut
t f
fo
or
rw
wa
ar
rd
d b
by
y t
th
he
e D
Da
ag
g
H
Ha
am
mm
ma
ar
rs
sk
kj
jo
ol
ld
d F
Fo
ou
un
nd
da
at
ti
io
on
n (
(O
O’
’S
Su
ul
ll
li
iv
va
an
n 1
19
99
99
9)
).
. O
On
n t
th
he
e
o
ot
th
he
er
r h
ha
an
nd
d,
, t
th
he
e H
Hu
um
ma
an
n D
De
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t P
Pa
ar
ra
ad
di
ig
gm
m (
(H
HD
DP
P)
)
a
an
nd
d “
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l a
an
nd
d s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t”
” a
ad
do
op
pt
te
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
A
Ay
yr
rt
to
on
n S
Se
en
nn
na
a I
In
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
te
e d
de
em
mo
on
ns
st
tr
ra
at
te
e t
th
he
e U
UN
N’
’s
s
c
co
om
mm
mi
it
tm
me
en
nt
t t
to
o t
th
he
e e
em
mp
po
ow
we
er
rm
me
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d s
se
el
lf
f r
re
ea
al
li
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
ls
s a
an
nd
d t
th
he
ei
ir
r p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
to
or
ry
y r
ro
ol
le
e i
in
n d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t
(
(U
UN
NE
ES
SC
CO
O r
re
ep
po
or
rt
t 2
20
00
05
5)
).
.
M
Mo
ot
tt
t (
(2
20
00
05
5)
) e
el
la
ab
bo
or
ra
at
te
es
s o
on
n h
ho
ow
w u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ty
y e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
,
t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h n
nu
um
me
er
ro
ou
us
s p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
ms
s,
, t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g,
, r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d
s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e c
ca
an
n s
se
er
rv
ve
e a
as
s a
a b
ba
as
se
e f
fo
or
r c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e.
.
T
Ta
ay
yl
lo
or
r a
an
nd
d F
Fr
ra
an
ns
sm
ma
an
n (
(2
20
00
03
3)
) a
ar
rg
gu
ue
e t
th
ha
at
t p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
to
or
ry
y
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l a
ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
he
es
s b
be
en
ne
ef
fi
it
t d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
es
s.
.
T
Th
he
ey
y i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
te
e t
th
ha
at
t “
“A
A c
cr
ri
it
ti
ic
ca
al
l,
, s
sy
ys
st
te
em
mi
ic
c d
di
is
sc
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e,
,
a
ac
ch
hi
ie
ev
ve
ed
d i
in
n p
pa
ar
rt
t b
by
y e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e b
br
ri
id
dg
ge
e b
be
et
tw
we
ee
en
n
t
th
he
eo
or
ry
y a
an
nd
d p
pr
ra
ac
ct
ti
ic
ce
e t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h a
a p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f c
cr
ri
it
ti
ic
ca
al
l
r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d a
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n,
, i
is
s a
a c
ch
ha
al
ll
le
en
ng
ge
e f
fo
or
r a
al
ll
l H
HE
EI
Is
s”
”.
.
T
Th
he
ey
y s
su
ug
gg
ge
es
st
t t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e b
by
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g s
sp
pa
ac
ce
e a
an
nd
d a
an
n
e
en
na
ab
bl
li
in
ng
g e
en
nv
vi
ir
ro
on
nm
me
en
nt
t i
in
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
te
ea
ac
ch
hi
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h
b
be
ec
co
om
me
e i
in
nt
te
eg
gr
ra
al
l a
an
nd
d v
va
al
lu
ue
ed
d t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
to
or
ry
y
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
se
es
s,
, a
an
nd
d p
pe
er
rc
ce
ei
iv
vi
in
ng
g p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
ti
io
on
n i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f a
as
s a
a
d
de
es
si
ir
ra
ab
bl
le
e o
ou
ut
tc
co
om
me
e i
in
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o c
ch
ha
al
ll
le
en
ng
ge
e e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
he
ed
d
p
po
ow
we
er
r r
re
el
la
at
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, H
HE
EI
Is
s h
ha
av
ve
e t
th
he
e r
re
ea
al
l p
po
ot
te
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l t
to
o b
be
ec
co
om
me
e
k
ke
ey
y a
ac
ct
to
or
rs
s i
in
n p
pr
ro
om
mo
ot
ti
in
ng
g n
no
ot
t o
on
nl
ly
y t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
iv
ve
e
l
le
ea
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g a
at
t a
an
n i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l l
le
ev
ve
el
l,
, b
bu
ut
t a
al
ls
so
o w
wi
id
de
er
r s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l,
,
i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
na
al
l a
an
nd
d d
di
is
sc
cu
ur
rs
si
iv
ve
e c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e.
.”
”
R
R&
&D
D a
an
nd
d A
Ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
c R
Re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h
T
Th
he
e t
tw
wo
o a
ar
re
e n
no
ot
t e
ex
xc
cl
lu
us
si
iv
ve
e b
bu
ut
t h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n s
se
ep
pa
ar
ra
at
te
ed
d h
he
er
re
e
t
to
o e
em
mp
ph
ha
as
si
iz
ze
e c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
n d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
es
s i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f
r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h,
, a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, a
an
nd
d i
it
ts
s i
im
mp
pa
ac
ct
t o
on
n d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s
11. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
6
6
o
of
f d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t.
. T
Th
he
er
re
e a
ar
re
e m
ma
an
ny
y d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t a
ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
he
es
s t
to
o
r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h,
, s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s a
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
or
r c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y b
ba
as
se
ed
d
r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h t
th
ha
at
t h
ha
av
ve
e s
su
ub
bt
tl
le
e d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
es
s o
of
f p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e,
, s
sc
co
op
pe
e
a
an
nd
d i
im
mp
pa
ac
ct
t.
.
S
Sc
ci
ie
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
c R
R&
&D
D:
: S
Sc
ci
ie
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
c i
in
nn
no
ov
va
at
ti
io
on
n t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h
i
is
s a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t c
co
om
mp
po
on
ne
en
nt
t t
th
ha
at
t d
dr
ri
iv
ve
es
s e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h
a
an
nd
d i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
se
es
s k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
ta
an
nd
di
in
ng
g.
. P
Py
yl
le
e a
an
nd
d
F
Fo
or
rr
ra
an
nt
t (
(2
20
00
02
2)
) d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t h
ho
ow
w R
R&
&D
D a
at
t t
th
he
e L
Lo
ow
we
el
ll
l
C
Ce
en
nt
tr
re
e,
, a
an
nd
d o
ot
th
he
er
r u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s,
, s
su
us
st
ta
ai
in
ns
s d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t i
in
n
t
th
he
e U
US
SA
A.
. C
Ca
al
le
es
st
to
ou
us
s J
Ju
um
ma
a f
fo
oc
cu
us
se
es
s o
on
n t
th
he
e i
in
nn
no
ov
va
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d
u
us
se
e o
of
f b
bi
io
ot
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ie
es
s i
in
n r
ru
ur
ra
al
l a
an
nd
d p
pe
ea
as
sa
an
nt
t
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d s
su
us
st
ta
ai
in
na
ab
bl
le
e p
pr
ra
ac
ct
ti
ic
ce
es
s (
(Z
Za
ag
gl
lu
ul
l a
an
nd
d
J
Ju
um
ma
a 2
20
00
06
6)
).
. H
HE
EI
Is
s p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d a
ap
pp
pl
ly
y i
it
t i
in
n a
a
t
to
op
p-
-d
do
ow
wn
n f
fa
as
sh
hi
io
on
n a
as
s w
we
el
ll
l a
as
s c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
ti
in
ng
g c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y-
-
b
ba
as
se
ed
d a
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h.
.
S
So
oc
ci
ia
al
l R
R&
&D
D:
: R
R&
&D
D a
al
ls
so
o p
pe
er
rt
ta
ai
in
ns
s t
to
o s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h.
.
W
Wh
hi
il
le
e t
th
he
e g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
eo
or
ry
y i
is
s
i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t a
an
nd
d i
in
nf
fl
lu
ue
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l f
fo
or
r d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t i
in
n m
mu
ul
lt
ti
ip
pl
le
e
w
wa
ay
ys
s,
, i
it
t i
is
s u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
to
oo
od
d i
in
n a
a l
li
im
mi
it
te
ed
d s
se
en
ns
se
e i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
ex
xt
t
o
of
f R
R&
&D
D.
. I
It
t u
us
su
ua
al
ll
ly
y c
co
on
ns
si
is
st
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e f
fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
s
so
ol
lu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s t
to
o s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l,
, p
po
ol
li
it
ti
ic
ca
al
l o
or
r l
le
eg
ga
al
l i
is
ss
su
ue
es
s.
. T
Th
he
e
g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
l o
or
r b
br
ro
oa
ad
d s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l e
ef
ff
fe
ec
ct
ts
s o
of
f r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
ar
re
e n
no
ot
t
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d f
fo
or
r d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t u
un
nd
de
er
r t
th
he
e r
ru
ub
br
ri
ic
c o
of
f R
R&
&D
D t
to
o
t
th
he
e e
ex
xt
te
en
nt
t t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e i
in
n a
ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
c r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h.
. I
In
n o
ot
th
he
er
r
w
wo
or
rd
ds
s,
, r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h i
is
s m
ma
ar
rk
ke
et
te
ed
d s
so
o t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t c
ca
an
n b
be
e u
us
se
ed
d f
fo
or
r
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
ta
al
l p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s (
(O
Ob
ba
an
ny
ya
a 2
20
00
02
2)
).
.
A
Ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
c r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
or
r “
“p
pu
ur
re
e”
” r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h:
: R
Re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
at
t
H
HE
EI
Is
s p
pl
la
ay
ys
s a
an
n i
in
nd
di
is
sp
pe
en
ns
sa
ab
bl
le
e r
ro
ol
le
e i
in
n d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t,
, a
al
lb
be
ei
it
t
a
a v
ve
er
ry
y c
co
om
mp
pl
le
ex
x a
an
nd
d p
pe
er
rh
ha
ap
ps
s a
an
n i
in
nd
di
ir
re
ec
ct
t o
on
ne
e (
(V
Ve
es
ss
su
ur
ri
i
2
20
00
08
8)
).
. N
No
ot
t o
on
nl
ly
y d
do
oe
es
s i
it
t c
cr
re
ea
at
te
e a
an
nd
d i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
se
e k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e
a
an
nd
d w
wa
ay
ys
s o
of
f u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
ta
an
nd
di
in
ng
g,
, b
bu
ut
t r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
al
ls
so
o i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ms
s
p
po
ol
li
ic
cy
y d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
ns
s.
. A
As
s s
su
uc
ch
h,
, r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h i
is
s i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e
i
in
nd
de
ep
pe
en
nd
de
en
nt
t d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f a
an
n i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f,
, a
as
s w
we
el
ll
l
a
as
s f
fo
or
r g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
t p
po
ol
li
ic
ci
ie
es
s.
. W
Wh
he
et
th
he
er
r c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
te
ed
d f
fo
or
r
s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s (
(a
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h)
) o
or
r a
as
s a
an
n a
ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
c
p
pu
ur
rs
su
ui
it
t b
by
y p
po
ol
li
ic
cy
y m
ma
ak
ke
er
rs
s o
or
r a
ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
cs
s,
, r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h h
ha
as
s a
an
n
i
im
mp
pa
ac
ct
t o
on
n a
al
ll
l a
ar
re
ea
as
s,
, e
es
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
ll
ly
y i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
ex
xt
t o
of
f h
hu
um
ma
an
n
a
an
nd
d s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t.
. T
Ta
ay
yl
lo
or
r (
(2
20
00
08
8)
) w
wr
ri
it
te
es
s,
,
“
“R
Re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h i
is
s a
as
ss
su
um
me
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e a
a v
vi
it
ta
al
l p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f
H
HE
EI
Is
s.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
a g
gr
ro
ow
wi
in
ng
g n
ne
ee
ed
d t
to
o q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n t
th
he
e
p
pa
ar
ra
ad
di
ig
gm
ms
s o
of
f k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d i
in
nn
no
ov
va
at
ti
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
m t
th
he
e
r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h c
ca
ar
rr
ri
ie
ed
d o
ou
ut
t b
by
y H
HE
EI
Is
s a
an
nd
d i
it
ts
s a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n
w
wi
id
de
er
r s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y;
; a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e w
wa
ay
y t
th
ha
at
t s
so
oc
ci
ie
et
ty
y a
an
nd
d h
hu
um
ma
an
n
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t n
ne
ee
ed
ds
s s
sh
ha
ap
pe
e t
th
he
e r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
ag
ge
en
nd
da
a i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f.
.
D
Di
is
ss
se
em
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f K
Kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d R
Re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h:
: T
Th
he
e
t
tr
ra
an
ns
sf
fe
er
r o
or
r s
sh
ha
ar
ri
in
ng
g o
of
f r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h,
, i
id
de
ea
as
s,
, k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e,
, e
et
tc
c.
. i
is
s
f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l.
. H
Ha
ar
rn
ne
es
ss
si
in
ng
g l
lo
oc
ca
al
l k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e i
is
s i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t
i
in
n p
pr
ri
io
or
ri
it
ti
iz
zi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e l
lo
oc
ca
al
l c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y a
as
s t
th
he
e o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
t o
of
f
d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t (
(T
Te
ea
as
sl
la
ad
de
e 2
20
00
00
0)
).
.
S
Se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e t
to
o c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s a
an
nd
d c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ty
y o
ou
ut
tr
re
ea
ac
ch
h
W
Wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
se
ed
d r
re
ec
co
og
gn
ni
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l r
ro
ol
le
e o
of
f
h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t,
, u
un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ti
ie
es
s a
ar
re
e c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d
u
up
po
on
n t
to
o c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
t p
pr
ro
oj
je
ec
ct
ts
s a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
ms
s a
ai
im
me
ed
d a
at
t l
lo
oc
ca
al
l
c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s (
(a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y)
) a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s t
to
o
l
lo
oc
ca
al
l p
pe
eo
op
pl
le
e.
. A
As
s p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f a
a d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t-
-o
or
ri
ie
en
nt
te
ed
d
m
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n,
, H
HE
EI
Is
s a
ar
re
e i
in
n a
a s
st
tr
ro
on
ng
g p
po
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n t
to
o c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
t
r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
oj
je
ec
ct
ts
s i
in
n p
pa
ar
rt
tn
ne
er
rs
sh
hi
ip
p w
wi
it
th
h n
nu
um
me
er
ro
ou
us
s
o
or
rg
ga
an
ni
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
ns
s f
fo
or
r d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s.
.
12. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
7
7
1
1.
.3
3 T
Th
he
e G
Gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h o
of
f P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n w
wo
or
rl
ld
dw
wi
id
de
e,
, i
in
n
A
Af
fr
ri
ic
ca
a a
an
nd
d E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a i
is
s b
br
ri
ie
ef
fl
ly
y p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
te
ed
d i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s s
se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n.
.
(
(a
a)
) W
Wo
or
rl
ld
dw
wi
id
de
e
W
Wh
hi
il
le
e m
ma
an
ny
y g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
ts
s i
in
n a
ad
dv
va
an
nc
ce
ed
d e
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ie
es
s w
we
er
re
e
a
ad
do
op
pt
ti
in
ng
g a
a m
mo
od
de
er
rn
n w
we
el
lf
fa
ar
re
e s
st
ta
at
te
e m
mo
od
de
el
l i
in
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
e
eq
qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y a
an
nd
d d
di
is
st
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f w
we
ea
al
lt
th
h w
wa
as
s a
a k
ke
ey
y p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
e,
,
f
fu
un
nd
di
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
ti
in
nu
uo
ou
us
s e
ex
xp
pa
an
ns
si
io
on
n i
in
n h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
p
pr
ro
ov
ve
ed
d c
ch
ha
al
ll
le
en
ng
gi
in
ng
g (
(B
Ba
ar
rr
r,
, 2
20
00
04
4)
).
. T
Th
he
e i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
si
in
ng
g
d
de
em
ma
an
nd
d f
fo
or
r h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n p
pr
ro
ov
ve
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e b
be
ey
yo
on
nd
d t
th
he
e
f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l c
ca
ap
pa
ac
ci
it
ty
y o
of
f m
ma
an
ny
y g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, e
es
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
ll
ly
y
w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e c
cr
ri
is
si
is
s o
of
f t
th
he
e w
we
el
lf
fa
ar
re
e s
st
ta
at
te
e f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e 1
19
98
80
0s
s
o
on
nw
wa
ar
rd
ds
s (
(I
Ib
bi
id
d)
).
. S
Si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
en
n,
, t
th
he
er
re
e h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n a
a n
ne
ee
ed
d f
fo
or
r
g
gr
re
ea
at
te
er
r e
ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nc
cy
y i
in
n t
th
he
e a
al
ll
lo
oc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d d
di
is
st
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c r
re
es
so
ou
ur
rc
ce
es
s (
(C
Ca
av
ve
e e
et
t a
al
l.
.,
, 1
19
99
90
0)
).
. M
Ma
an
na
ag
ge
er
ri
ia
al
l v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s
a
an
nd
d c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
ts
s w
we
er
re
e p
pr
ro
om
mo
ot
te
ed
d i
in
n p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s,
,
i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n (
(A
Am
ma
ar
ra
al
l e
et
t a
al
l.
.,
, 2
20
00
03
3)
).
. I
It
t w
wa
as
s
n
no
o l
lo
on
ng
ge
er
r f
fe
ea
as
si
ib
bl
le
e f
fo
or
r g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
ts
s t
to
o b
be
e f
fu
ul
ll
ly
y
r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
si
ib
bl
le
e f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e r
ri
is
si
in
ng
g c
co
os
st
t o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
(
(N
Ne
ea
av
ve
e &
& V
Va
an
n V
Vu
ug
gh
ht
t,
, 1
19
99
94
4)
).
. T
Th
hi
is
s w
wa
as
s i
in
n l
li
in
ne
e w
wi
it
th
h
m
ma
ac
cr
ro
o-
-l
le
ev
ve
el
l f
fi
is
sc
ca
al
l p
po
ol
li
ic
ci
ie
es
s d
de
es
si
ig
gn
ne
ed
d t
to
o r
re
es
st
tr
ra
ai
in
n
g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
t e
ex
xp
pe
en
nd
di
it
tu
ur
re
e a
an
nd
d t
to
o i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
se
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e
i
in
nv
vo
ol
lv
ve
em
me
en
nt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s,
, a
a
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f l
li
ib
be
er
ra
al
li
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
n (
(B
Ba
al
ll
l,
, 2
20
00
07
7)
).
.
A
As
s g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
ts
s b
be
eg
ga
an
n t
to
o r
re
ed
du
uc
ce
e t
th
he
ei
ir
r d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
t c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ol
l
o
ov
ve
er
r h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e s
sy
ys
st
te
em
m b
be
ec
ca
am
me
e m
mo
or
re
e
d
di
iv
ve
er
rs
si
if
fi
ie
ed
d a
an
nd
d p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s w
we
er
re
e n
no
o l
lo
on
ng
ge
er
r t
th
he
e
o
on
nl
ly
y f
fo
or
rm
m o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
er
r (
(T
Te
ei
ic
ch
hl
le
er
r,
,
2
20
00
06
6)
).
. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
ti
iz
za
at
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s o
on
ne
e p
po
ol
li
ic
cy
y i
in
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d t
to
o
r
re
ed
du
uc
ce
e d
de
ep
pe
en
nd
de
en
nc
ce
e u
up
po
on
n g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
t f
fu
un
nd
di
in
ng
g.
.
R
Re
ec
co
og
gn
ni
iz
zi
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d a
ac
cc
cr
re
ed
di
it
ti
in
ng
g p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
el
ly
y m
ma
an
na
ag
ge
ed
d h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n a
an
n i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
si
in
ng
gl
ly
y p
po
op
pu
ul
la
ar
r
p
pr
ra
ac
ct
ti
ic
ce
e.
.
O
On
ne
e r
re
ea
as
so
on
n f
fo
or
r t
th
hi
is
s h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n t
to
o e
en
na
ab
bl
le
e s
su
uc
ch
h i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s
t
to
o m
me
ee
et
t t
th
he
e i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
si
in
ng
g d
de
em
ma
an
nd
d o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
,
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r f
fi
in
nd
ds
s d
di
if
ff
fi
ic
cu
ul
lt
t t
to
o m
ma
an
na
ag
ge
e a
al
lo
on
ne
e.
.
R
Re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h b
by
y t
th
he
e P
Pr
ro
og
gr
ra
am
m f
fo
or
r R
Re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
on
n P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e
H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n (
(P
PR
RO
OP
PH
HE
E)
) f
fo
ou
un
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t u
up
p t
to
o 3
31
1%
% o
of
f
t
th
he
e g
gl
lo
ob
ba
al
l s
sh
ha
ar
re
e o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s r
ru
un
n p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
el
ly
y
(
(L
Le
ev
vy
y,
, 2
20
01
11
1)
),
, i
in
n t
th
he
e s
se
en
ns
se
e t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t b
be
ei
in
ng
g a
a s
st
ta
at
te
e
i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n.
.
U
Un
nl
li
ik
ke
e i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a,
, t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s n
no
ot
t n
ne
ew
w a
ar
ro
ou
un
nd
d t
th
he
e w
wo
or
rl
ld
d.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e U
US
SA
A,
,
L
La
at
ti
in
n A
Am
me
er
ri
ic
ca
a a
an
nd
d J
Ja
ap
pa
an
n,
, i
it
t h
ha
as
s e
ex
xi
is
st
te
ed
d f
fo
or
r o
ov
ve
er
r a
a
c
ce
en
nt
tu
ur
ry
y.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, s
si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
e l
la
at
te
e 1
19
98
80
0s
s p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n h
ha
as
s e
ex
xp
pa
an
nd
de
ed
d a
an
nd
d s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d t
to
o m
mo
os
st
t c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s
(
(L
Le
ev
vy
y,
, 2
20
01
10
0b
b)
).
. T
Th
he
e r
ra
ap
pi
id
d g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
rl
ly
y s
si
ig
gn
ni
if
fi
ic
ca
an
nt
t s
si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
e l
la
as
st
t
d
de
ec
ca
ad
de
e o
of
f t
th
he
e t
tw
we
en
nt
ti
ie
et
th
h c
ce
en
nt
tu
ur
ry
y (
(A
Al
lt
tb
ba
ac
ch
h,
, 2
20
00
05
5)
).
. I
In
n t
th
he
e
e
ea
ar
rl
ly
y t
tw
we
en
nt
ty
y-
-f
fi
ir
rs
st
t c
ce
en
nt
tu
ur
ry
y,
, t
th
he
er
re
e h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
se
es
s i
in
n
t
th
he
e a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n p
po
os
st
t-
-
s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
li
is
st
t C
Ce
en
nt
tr
ra
al
l a
an
nd
d E
Ea
as
st
te
er
rn
n E
Eu
ur
ro
op
pe
ea
an
n c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s (
(L
Le
ev
vy
y,
,
2
20
00
07
7)
).
.
H
Hi
is
st
to
or
ri
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y,
, g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r r
ra
an
ng
ge
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e o
ol
ld
d
a
an
nd
d t
tr
ra
ad
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l-
--
--
-a
ai
im
me
ed
d a
at
t t
th
he
e e
el
li
it
te
e a
an
nd
d r
re
el
li
ig
gi
io
ou
us
s g
gr
ro
ou
up
ps
s-
-
-
--
-t
to
o e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
ad
d a
a w
wi
id
de
er
r a
ap
pp
pe
ea
al
l.
.
A
Ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
g t
to
o t
th
he
e e
ex
xi
is
st
ti
in
ng
g l
li
it
te
er
ra
at
tu
ur
re
e,
, t
th
he
er
re
e a
ar
re
e v
ve
er
ry
y f
fe
ew
w
c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
av
ve
e a
a l
lo
on
ng
g h
hi
is
st
to
or
ry
y o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
. O
On
ne
e n
no
ot
ta
ab
bl
le
e e
ex
xc
ce
ep
pt
ti
io
on
n i
is
s t
th
he
e U
US
SA
A,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
d
de
ep
pe
en
nd
de
ed
d o
on
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r u
un
nt
ti
il
l t
th
he
e l
la
at
te
e n
ni
in
ne
et
te
ee
en
nt
th
h
c
ce
en
nt
tu
ur
ry
y (
(T
Th
he
el
li
in
n,
, 2
20
01
11
1)
).
. I
It
t i
is
s i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
ti
in
ng
g t
to
o n
no
ot
te
e t
th
ha
at
t
13. P
Pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r E
Ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n E
Et
th
hi
io
op
pi
ia
a -
- Y
Ye
es
st
te
er
rd
da
ay
y,
, T
To
od
da
ay
y,
, a
an
nd
d T
To
om
mo
or
rr
ro
ow
w
E
EP
PH
HE
E &
& T
TV
VE
ET
TI
Is
s’
’ A
As
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
n
8
8
a
al
lt
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
he
e U
US
SA
A i
is
s c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e t
th
he
e l
la
ar
rg
ge
es
st
t
n
nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
t
e
en
nr
ro
ol
lm
me
en
nt
t i
in
n t
th
he
es
se
e i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s f
fo
or
r l
le
es
ss
s t
th
ha
an
n
2
20
0%
% o
of
f t
th
he
e t
to
ot
ta
al
l e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y (
(A
Al
lt
tb
ba
ac
ch
h,
,
2
20
00
05
5)
).
.
H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
a n
no
ot
ta
ab
bl
le
e i
in
nc
cr
re
ea
as
se
e i
in
n t
th
he
e e
em
me
er
rg
ge
en
nc
ce
e
o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e p
pr
ro
of
fi
it
t-
-m
ma
ak
ki
in
ng
g i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s P
Ph
ho
oe
en
ni
ix
x
a
an
nd
d S
St
tr
ra
ay
ye
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e U
US
SA
A i
in
n r
re
ec
ce
en
nt
t d
de
ec
ca
ad
de
es
s (
(K
Ki
in
ns
se
er
r &
&
L
Le
ev
vy
y,
, 2
20
00
06
6)
).
. S
Si
im
mi
il
la
ar
rl
ly
y,
, a
a n
nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f E
Ea
as
st
t A
As
si
ia
an
n
c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s,
, i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g J
Ja
ap
pa
an
n,
, S
So
ou
ut
th
h K
Ko
or
re
ea
a,
, T
Ta
ai
iw
wa
an
n,
,
I
In
nd
do
on
ne
es
si
ia
a,
, a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e P
Ph
hi
il
li
ip
pp
pi
in
ne
es
s,
, h
ha
av
ve
e l
lo
on
ng
g-
-e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
he
ed
d
p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, w
wi
it
th
h u
up
p t
to
o 8
80
0%
% o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
ts
s i
in
n t
th
he
es
se
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s p
pu
ur
rs
su
ui
in
ng
g c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
es
s i
in
n t
th
he
em
m
(
(A
Al
lt
tb
ba
ac
ch
h,
, 1
19
99
99
9)
).
.
T
Th
he
er
re
e a
ar
re
e s
so
om
me
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s i
in
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s n
no
ot
t a
a l
lo
on
ng
g-
-
s
st
ta
an
nd
di
in
ng
g t
tr
ra
ad
di
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
. Y
Ye
et
t i
in
n
t
th
he
es
se
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s,
, w
wh
he
en
n p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s f
fi
ir
rs
st
t
i
in
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d,
, i
it
t w
wa
as
s o
of
ft
te
en
n c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e “
“g
gr
ro
ow
wi
in
ng
g t
to
oo
o
f
fa
as
st
t”
” (
(I
Ib
bi
id
d)
).
. F
Fo
or
r e
ex
xa
am
mp
pl
le
e,
, t
th
he
er
re
e a
ar
re
e A
As
si
ia
an
n c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s s
su
uc
ch
h
a
as
s C
Ch
hi
in
na
a a
an
nd
d V
Vi
ie
et
tn
na
am
m w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h d
do
o n
no
ot
t h
ha
av
ve
e a
an
n e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
he
ed
d
t
tr
ra
ad
di
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, b
bu
ut
t
t
th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e c
cu
ur
rr
re
en
nt
tl
ly
y w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
si
in
ng
g s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
ia
al
l g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h i
in
n b
bo
ot
th
h
t
th
he
e s
su
up
pp
pl
ly
y o
of
f a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e d
de
em
ma
an
nd
d f
fo
or
r p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r
e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
. C
Ch
hi
in
na
a h
ha
ad
d a
ar
ro
ou
un
nd
d 1
1,
,2
20
00
0 s
su
uc
ch
h i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s
(
(G
Gu
up
pt
ta
a,
, 2
20
00
08
8)
).
. I
In
n I
In
nd
di
ia
a,
, t
th
he
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r h
ha
as
s g
gr
ro
ow
wn
n r
ra
ap
pi
id
dl
ly
y
a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y h
ha
as
s o
on
ne
e o
of
f t
th
he
e l
la
ar
rg
ge
es
st
t n
nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e
h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s i
in
n t
th
he
e w
wo
or
rl
ld
d (
(G
Gu
up
pt
ta
a,
,
2
20
00
08
8)
).
.
L
Le
ev
vy
y (
(2
20
00
05
5,
,2
20
00
07
7)
) e
ex
xp
pl
la
ai
in
n t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r h
ha
as
s
b
be
ee
en
n t
th
he
e f
fa
as
st
te
es
st
t g
gr
ro
ow
wi
in
ng
g s
se
eg
gm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n
m
ma
an
ny
y C
Ce
en
nt
tr
ra
al
l a
an
nd
d E
Ea
as
st
te
er
rn
n E
Eu
ur
ro
op
pe
ea
an
n c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s s
si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
e
1
19
99
90
0s
s a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e f
fa
al
ll
l o
of
f S
So
ov
vi
ie
et
t U
Un
ni
io
on
n.
. B
Bu
ut
t t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rc
ce
en
nt
ta
ag
ge
e
o
of
f e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t i
in
n p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n v
va
ar
ri
ie
es
s g
gr
re
ea
at
tl
ly
y
b
be
et
tw
we
ee
en
n c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s o
of
f t
th
he
e o
ol
ld
d S
So
ov
vi
ie
et
t b
bl
lo
oc
c (
(S
Sl
la
an
nt
tc
ch
he
ev
va
a &
&
L
Le
ev
vy
y,
, 2
20
00
07
7)
).
. L
Le
ev
vy
y i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
te
es
s t
th
ha
at
t t
th
hi
is
s e
ex
xp
pa
an
ns
si
io
on
n h
ha
as
s
b
be
ee
en
n u
un
np
pl
la
an
nn
ne
ed
d a
an
nd
d u
un
nr
re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
te
ed
d (
(L
Le
ev
vy
y,
, 2
20
00
02
2)
).
.
I
In
nt
te
er
re
es
st
ti
in
ng
gl
ly
y,
, c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s P
Po
ol
la
an
nd
d h
ha
av
ve
e d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pe
ed
d
p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n s
se
ec
ct
to
or
rs
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t f
fo
or
r u
up
p t
to
o
3
30
0%
% o
of
f t
th
he
e e
en
nt
ti
ir
re
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r (
(L
Le
ev
vy
y,
, 2
20
00
03
3)
).
.
I
In
n c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s,
, s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s R
Ru
us
ss
si
ia
a a
an
nd
d B
Bu
ul
lg
ga
ar
ri
ia
a,
, t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e
s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s f
fo
or
r r
ro
ou
ug
gh
hl
ly
y 1
10
0%
% o
of
f h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
,
w
wh
hi
il
le
e i
in
n A
Al
lb
ba
an
ni
ia
a a
an
nd
d C
Cr
ro
oa
at
ti
ia
a t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r i
is
s
e
ex
xt
tr
re
em
me
el
ly
y m
mi
in
ni
im
ma
al
l (
(I
Ib
bi
id
d)
).
.
L
La
at
ti
in
n A
Am
me
er
ri
ic
ca
a p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
ts
s a
an
n i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
ti
in
ng
g c
ca
as
se
e.
. A
Al
lt
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h
t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
a l
lo
on
ng
g t
tr
ra
ad
di
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, a
at
t
t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e t
ti
im
me
e t
th
he
e r
re
eg
gi
io
on
n i
is
s e
ex
xp
pe
er
ri
ie
en
nc
ci
in
ng
g e
ex
xt
tr
re
em
me
el
ly
y f
fa
as
st
t
r
ra
at
te
es
s o
of
f g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h.
. L
La
at
ti
in
n A
Am
me
er
ri
ic
ca
an
n c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n
e
ex
xp
pe
er
ri
ie
en
nc
ci
in
ng
g a
a l
la
ar
rg
ge
e g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r s
si
in
nc
ce
e
t
th
he
e 1
19
96
60
0s
s (
(L
Le
ev
vy
y,
, 1
19
98
86
6)
),
, a
an
nd
d i
in
n m
mo
os
st
t o
of
f t
th
he
em
m t
th
he
e
p
pe
er
rc
ce
en
nt
ta
ag
ge
e o
of
f s
st
tu
ud
de
en
nt
t e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t i
in
n p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e i
in
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
ns
s
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s f
fo
or
r a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t a
a t
th
hi
ir
rd
d o
of
f t
th
he
e t
to
ot
ta
al
l e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t i
in
n
h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n (
(K
Ki
in
ns
se
er
r e
et
t a
al
l.
.,
, 2
20
01
10
0)
).
. I
In
n p
pl
la
ac
ce
es
s l
li
ik
ke
e
B
Br
ra
az
zi
il
l a
an
nd
d C
Ch
hi
il
le
e,
, t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s f
fo
or
r h
ha
al
lf
f t
th
he
e
t
to
ot
ta
al
l e
en
nr
ro
ol
lm
me
en
nt
t (
(A
Al
lt
tb
ba
ac
ch
h,
, 1
19
99
99
9;
; L
Le
ev
vy
y,
, 2
20
00
05
5)
).
.
R
Re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h s
sh
ho
ow
ws
s t
th
ha
at
t i
in
n o
ot
th
he
er
r p
pa
ar
rt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e w
wo
or
rl
ld
d,
, g
gr
ro
ow
wt
th
h
i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r i
is
s s
sl
lo
ow
we
er
r.
. W
We
es
st
te
er
rn
n E
Eu
ur
ro
op
pe
e r
re
em
ma
ai
in
ns
s
c
ca
au
ut
ti
io
ou
us
s a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e e
em
me
er
rg
ge
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r.
.
T
Th
he
er
re
e i
it
ts
s c
co
on
nt
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
n t
to
o h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r e
ed
du
uc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s l
li
im
mi
it
te
ed
d a
an
nd
d
i
is
s t
th
he
e l
lo
ow
we
es
st
t t
th
ha
an
n a
an
ny
y r
re
eg
gi
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e w
wo
or
rl
ld
d.
. I
In
n W
We
es
st
te
er
rn
n
E
Eu
ur
ro
op
pe
e 9
90
0%
% o
of
f t
th
he
e e
en
nr
ro
ol
ll
lm
me
en
nt
t w
wa
as
s i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c s
se
ec
ct
to
or
r