2. 1. A child is given the option to
share a toy with a friend. What is
the likely motivation behind the
decision?
A. Desire for approval
B. Fear of punishment
C. Understanding of fairness
D. Internalized moral principles
3. 2. A teenager refrains from skipping
school to avoid suspension. What
stage of moral development does
this reflect?
A. Obedience and punishment
orientation
B. Instrumental purpose and
exchange
C. Good boy/nice girl orientation
D. Law and order orientation
4. 3. This is the stage where the
behavior is determined by social
approval.
A. Good boy/nice girl orientation
B. Punishment/obedient
orientation
C. Individual interest
D. Social contract
5. 4. This is the stage where the
behavior is determined by
consequences.
A. Social contract orientation
B. Law and order orientation
C. Instrumental purpose
orientation
D. Punishment/obedient
orientation
6. 5. Conformity to social rules
remains important to the
individual.
A. Pre-conventional
B. Conventional
C. Post-conventional
D. Mid-conventional
7. 6. This is the highest stage of
functioning.
A. Instrumental purpose
orientation
B. Law and order orientation
C. Social contract orientation
D. Universal ethical principle
orientation
8. 7. The individual moves beyond
the perspective of his or her own
society
A. Preconventional level
B. Conventional level
C. Post-conventional level
D. None of the above
9. 8. These principles are abstract
and highly universal in
applicationrq
A. Pre-conventional level
B. Mid-conventional level
C. Conventional level
D. Post-conventional level
10. 9. This is the stage where the
individuals focuses on receiving
rewards or satisfying personal
needs.
A. Instrumental purpose
orientation
B. Social contract orientation
C. Law andd order orientation
D. Human invention
11. 10. Rules imposed by authority
figures are conformed to in order
to-
A. Strengthen the law
B. Develop good moral conduct
C. Avoid punishment
D. All of the above
12. 11. A university professor must grade
final exams. What ethical principle
should guide the grading process?
A. Favouring students with personal
connections
B. Assessing each student impartially
based on their performance
C. Prioritizing students who share the
professor’s viewpoints
D. Following personal inclinations
13. 12. A journalist discovers a
controversial truth that could harm
public perception. What ethical
action should the journalist take?
A. Suppresing the information to
avoid public backlash
B. Acting based on personal opinions
C. Following popular beliefs
D. Evaluating the consequences and
reporting the truth
14. 13. An organization is designing a new
policy. What ethical principle should be
considered to ensure fairness?
A. Prioritizing the preferences of the
leadership team
B. Following industry standards without
critical evaluation
C. Utilizing rational reasoning to design
a policiy that benefits all
stakeholders
D. Adhering strictly to traditional
practices
15. 14. A gevernment official is
responsible for allocating disaster
relief funds. What principle should
guide the allocation?
A. Focusing on the needs of the
official’s hometown
B. Prioritizing personal preferences
C. Distributing funds impartially
based on the the severity of the
disaster
D. Following political affiliations
16. 15. A scientist discovers potential
harm in a widely used product. What
ethical action should the scientist
take?
A. Suppresing the information to avoid
panic
B. Evaluating the conseqeunces and
reporting the findings
C. Acting based on personal emotions
D. Following established industry
practices
17. 16. A company is downsizing, and the HR
manager needs to select employees for
layoffs. What ethical approach should
the manager take?
A. Deciding based on employees’
contributions and performance
B. Choosing friends to protect them form
job loss
C. Following personal preferences
D. Adhering the cultural expectations
18. 17. A judge must decide on a case
involving close friends. What ethical
principle should guide the judge’s
decision?
A. Prioritizing personal relationships
B. Applying the law impartially
C. Considering the judge’s emotional
state
D. Following societal expectations
19. 18. A person encounters a situation
where breaking a promise could lead to
a better outcome for all involved. What
should guide their decision-making?
A. Utilizing rational reasoning to assess
consequences
B. Following personal emotions and
intuitions
C. Adhering strictly to a predefined
moral rule
D. Seeking guidance from cultural
traditions
20. 19. A manager must distribute bonuses
among employees. What ethical principle
should guide this decision?
A. Favoring employees who are personal
friends
B. Allocating bonuses based on
individual needs
C. Distributing bonuses impartially
based on performance
D. Following the manager’s personal
preferences
21. 20. An individual faces a moral
dilemma where telling a small lie
could prevent huritng someone’s
feelings. What approach align to
ethical reasoning?
A. Telling the lie to avoid conflict
B. Considering the consequences of
the lie
C. Following cultural norms
D. Prioritizing personal emotions
22. 21. The individual views laws and
rules as flexible tools for
improving:
A. Human development
B. Human purposes
C. Human ideas
D. Human invention
23. 22. According to Kohlberg,
women seem to be deficient in-
A. Moral reasoning abilities
B. Moral development
C. Giving new ideas
D. All of the above
24. 23. An individual refuses to participate
in an environmentally harmful project,
emphasizing the importance of
preserving nature for future
generations. What stage of moral
development is reflected?
Universal ethical principles
A. Social contract and individual rights
B. Interpersonal accord and conformity
C. Obedience to authority and rules
D. Obedience to authority and rules
25. 24. A person volunteers at a local
community center because they
believe it contributes to overall well-
being of society. Which stage of
moral reasoning is evident?
A. Instrumental purpose and
exchange
B. Obedience and punishment
orientation
C. Law and order orientation
D. Good boy/nice girl orientation
26. 25. A child refrains from hitting a
sibling to avoid being punished by
parents. What is the primary
motivation for the child’s behavior?
A. Instrumental purpose and
exchange
B. Obedience and punishment
orientation
C. Law and order orientation
D. Good boy/nice girl orientation
27. 26. A person supports a local charity
bacause it aligns with societal
expectations of community
involvement. What stage of moral
development is demonstrated?
A. Universal ethical principples
B. Social contract and individual
rights
C. Good boy/good girl orientation
D. Instrumental purpose and
exchange
28. 27. An individual refuses to
participate in a corrupt business
deal, citing a commitment to
principles of justice. What stage of
moral reasoning is evident?
A. Universal ethical principples
B. Social contract and individual
rights
C. Good boy/good girl orientation
D. Instrumental purpose and
exchange
29. 28. When employing ethical
reasoning, one should:
A. Ignore logical consistency
B. Based decisions solely on
intuition
C. Consider the implications of
actions and principles
D. Follow personal desires
without reflection
30. 29. Impartiality in ethical
decision-making involves:
A. Prioritizing personal interests
B. Treating all individuals equally
and without bias
C. Favoring friends and family
over others
D. Making decisions based on
intuition
31. 30. When making ethical
decisions based on reason, one
is most likely to:
A. Rely on personal emotions
B. Consider logical arguments
and evidence
C. Follow cultural norms without
questioning
D. Act impulsively withouth
thinking
