The document is a worksheet on ethics from Keystone College that introduces students to the study of morality, its branches, key concepts, and historical perspectives. It covers ethical theories including deontological ethics, consequentialist ethics, and virtue ethics, along with the significance of ethical decision-making models and cognitive biases. The worksheet includes various sections with prompts for students to reflect on their own moral values, decisions, and the application of ethical theories to real-life situations.

1. KEYSTONE COLLEGE
#13, Marcos Highway, Bakakeng Central, Baguio City,
Philippines e- mail Address: keystonecollegebaguio@gmail.com
Tel. No. : (074) 442- 1890
Worksheet in
GE5
ETHICS
Prepared by:
Andrelyn Pomay-o Miguel,LPT
Approval:
This is to certify that this worksheet in ETHICS is the official Learning
Material.
NENE ASTUDILLA GODOY
Department Head-College of Teacher Education
DR. JHOSEPHINE A. FLORES
Keystone College Presiden
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I: INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS
1. Overview of Ethics and its Branches:
 Ethics is the philosophical study of morality. It explores questions about what is
right and wrong, good and bad, and how individuals and societies should behave.
In this section, students will get a broad introduction to the field of ethics,
understanding its purpose and scope.
 Branches: Ethics has various branches, such as normative ethics (which deals
with moral standards), metaethics (which examines the nature of ethical language
and concepts), and applied ethics (which addresses specific moral issues in
various fields).
2. Key Ethical Concepts: Morality, Values, Virtues:
 Morality: This refers to the principles that govern what is considered right or
wrong. It involves the distinction between good and evil and guides human
behavior in making moral choices.
 Values: These are fundamental beliefs that guide behavior and decision-making.
They represent what individuals or societies consider important or desirable.
 Virtues: Virtues are positive qualities or traits, like honesty, integrity, and
courage, that are considered morally good. Virtue ethics is a branch of ethics that
focuses on developing virtuous character.
3. Historical Development of Ethical Thought:
 This part of the course explores the evolution of ethical thinking throughout
history.
 Students will examine key philosophical contributions from ancient, medieval,
modern, and contemporary thinkers who have shaped ethical theories and
principles.
 Understanding the historical context helps students appreciate how ethical thought
has developed and changed over time, providing a foundation for contemporary
ethical discussions.

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ETHICS OVERVIEW WORKSHEET
Section 1: Overview of Ethics and its Branches
1. Define Ethics: In your own words, describe what ethics means and its significance in
guiding human behavior.
2. Branches of Ethics: List and briefly explain the three main branches of ethics –
normative ethics, metaethics, and applied ethics.
3. Choose a Branch: Select one branch of ethics that you find particularly interesting.
Explain why you chose it and how it might be relevant to real-life situations.
Section 2: Key Ethical Concepts
4. Morality: Provide an example from your own life where you had to make a moral
decision. Reflect on the factors that influenced your choice.
5. Values: Identify three personal values that guide your behavior. Explain how these
values impact your decision-making process.
6. Virtues: Choose a virtue (e.g., honesty, courage) and discuss how cultivating this virtue
can contribute to personal growth and ethical behavior.
Section 3: Historical Development of Ethical Thought
7. Ancient Thinkers: Name one philosopher from ancient times (e.g., Aristotle, Confucius)
who made significant contributions to ethical thought. Briefly describe their ideas.
8. Modern Thinkers: Choose a philosopher from the modern era (e.g., Immanuel Kant,
John Stuart Mill) and outline their ethical theories.
9. Relevance to Today: Explain why understanding the historical development of ethical
thought is important for addressing contemporary ethical challenges.
Reflection:
10. Personal Connection: Consider how the concepts learned in this worksheet relate to
your own life. Are there any changes or insights you want to implement in your decision-
making process?

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II: ETHICAL THEORIES
1. Deontological Ethics:
 Definition: Deontological ethics is an ethical theory that focuses on the inherent nature
of actions rather than their consequences. It suggests that certain actions are objectively
right or wrong, irrespective of the outcomes.
 Key Idea: Immanuel Kant is a notable figure associated with deontological ethics. The
theory often involves principles, such as the famous categorical imperative, which
emphasizes universalizability and the importance of acting in accordance with moral
rules.
2. Consequentialist Ethics:
 Definition: Consequentialist ethics is an ethical theory that evaluates the morality of
actions based on their consequences. The fundamental idea is to maximize overall
happiness or utility and minimize harm.
 Key Idea: Utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory developed by philosophers like
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, posits that actions are morally right if they result
in the greatest good for the greatest number.
3. Virtue Ethics:
 Definition: Virtue ethics is an ethical theory that emphasizes the development of virtuous
character traits as the key to ethical decision-making. It focuses on cultivating personal
virtues rather than following specific rules.
 Key Idea: Aristotle is a foundational figure in virtue ethics. The theory encourages
individuals to embody virtues like courage, honesty, and compassion, seeking a balanced
and virtuous life.
4. Comparative Analysis of Ethical Theories:
 Purpose: Comparative analysis involves critically examining and comparing
deontological, consequentialist, and virtue ethics.
 Considerations: This analysis explores the strengths, weaknesses, and unique features of
each ethical theory. It may involve evaluating how these theories approach moral
dilemmas, autonomy, and the role of consequences in ethical decision-making.
 Real-world Applications: Comparative analysis helps individuals understand how these
ethical theories might be applied in practical situations, allowing for a deeper
understanding of the complexities of ethical reasoning.
Why Comparative Analysis Matters:
 Understanding the nuances of each ethical theory helps individuals develop a well-
rounded perspective on ethics.
 It enables individuals to critically assess moral dilemmas from different ethical standpoints,
fostering a more informed and thoughtful approach to ethical decision-making.
 Comparative analysis encourages open-mindedness and an appreciation for the diversity
of ethical thought, recognizing that different situations may call for different ethical
frameworks.

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ETHICS THEORIES WORKSHEET
Section 1: Deontological Ethics
1. Definition: In your own words, explain what deontological ethics is and how it differs
from other ethical theories.
2. Categorical Imperative: Describe the concept of the categorical imperative in
deontological ethics. How does it guide ethical decision-making?
3. Real-life Application: Provide an example of a situation where a deontologist might
argue for a specific action, regardless of its consequences.
Section 2: Consequentialist Ethics
4. Definition: Define consequentialist ethics and discuss its fundamental principle in
evaluating the morality of actions.
5. Utilitarianism: Explain the key tenets of utilitarianism. How does this consequentialist
theory prioritize actions based on outcomes?
6. Challenges: Highlight one potential criticism or challenge associated with a purely
consequentialist approach to ethics.
Section 3: Virtue Ethics
7. Definition: Describe virtue ethics and its emphasis on character traits. How does virtue
ethics differ from deontological and consequentialist approaches?
8. Key Virtues: Choose one virtue (e.g., honesty, courage) and discuss how embodying this
virtue can guide ethical decision-making.
9. Application to Personal Life: Reflect on a situation where considering virtue ethics
might lead to a different ethical decision than deontological or consequentialist
approaches.
Section 4: Comparative Analysis
10. Strengths and Weaknesses: List one strength and one weakness for each of the three
ethical theories (deontological, consequentialist, virtue ethics).
11. Moral Dilemma Analysis: Consider a hypothetical moral dilemma. Discuss how each
ethical theory might approach and evaluate the situation differently.
12. Synthesis: If you had to create a new ethical theory by combining elements from
deontological, consequentialist, and virtue ethics, what elements would you include, and
why?
Conclusion:
13. Personal Ethical Framework: Reflect on which ethical theory or combination of
theories resonates with you the most. How might understanding these theories influence
your personal approach to ethical decision-making?

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III: MORAL REASONING
1. Ethical Decision-Making Models:
 Definition: Ethical decision-making models are systematic frameworks or processes that
individuals can use to navigate moral dilemmas and make well-considered ethical
choices.
 Purpose: These models provide a structured approach to evaluating ethical issues, often
involving steps like identifying the problem, gathering information, considering options,
and making a decision.
 Example: The Four-Component Model involves recognizing the moral issue, making a
moral judgment, establishing moral intent, and engaging in ethical behavior.
2. Cognitive Biases and Moral Judgment:
 Definition: Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality
in judgment, often influencing decision-making processes.
 Relevance to Moral Judgment: Cognitive biases can impact how individuals perceive
and evaluate ethical situations, leading to subjective and potentially flawed moral
judgments.
 Example: Confirmation bias, where individuals favor information that confirms their
preexisting beliefs, can affect how one assesses the morality of a situation.
3. Developing Ethical Awareness:
 Importance: Ethical awareness involves being conscious of one's values, principles, and
the potential impact of decisions on oneself and others.
 Components: It includes self-reflection on personal values, an understanding of ethical
principles, and an awareness of how one's actions align with ethical standards.
 Example: An individual with developed ethical awareness might consider the
consequences of their actions on stakeholders and evaluate decisions in alignment with
their core values.
How They Interconnect:
 Ethical Decision-Making Models and Cognitive Biases: Models provide a structured
approach to decision-making, helping individuals recognize and mitigate cognitive
biases. Following a model can reduce the influence of biases on moral judgment.
 Ethical Decision-Making Models and Ethical Awareness: Models often encourage
self- reflection and consideration of personal values, contributing to the development of
ethical awareness.
 Cognitive Biases and Ethical Awareness: Being aware of cognitive biases allows
individuals to actively work towards minimizing their impact, fostering a more ethically
aware decision-making process.
Real-World Application:
 Consider a scenario where an employee needs to report a colleague's unethical behavior.
Applying an ethical decision-making model would involve steps like identifying the
problem, considering alternatives, and making a decision. Awareness of cognitive biases,

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such as the fear of retaliation bias, would be crucial to ensure unbiased judgment.

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ETHICS DECISION-MAKING AND AWARENESS WORKSHEET
Section 1: Ethical Decision-Making Models
1. Definition: Write a brief definition of ethical decision-making models in your own words.
2. Four-Component Model: Describe the four components of the ethical decision-making
model. Provide a hypothetical example to illustrate each step.
3. Application: Reflect on a personal or observed situation. How could applying an ethical
decision-making model have potentially influenced the outcome?
Section 2: Cognitive Biases and Moral Judgment
4. Definition: Explain what cognitive biases are and how they can impact moral judgment.
5. Confirmation Bias: Describe confirmation bias and its potential effects on ethical
decision-making. Provide an example from your life or a scenario you can imagine.
6. Strategies for Overcoming Biases: Propose at least one strategy to overcome cognitive
biases in the context of ethical decision-making.
Section 3: Developing Ethical Awareness
7. Importance of Ethical Awareness: In your own words, explain why developing ethical
awareness is crucial for making ethical decisions.
8. Personal Values Reflection: List three personal values that are important to you.
Discuss how these values might influence your ethical decision-making.
9. Ethical Dilemma Consideration: Imagine a workplace scenario involving an ethical
dilemma. Explain how being ethically aware might impact your response to the dilemma.
Conclusion:
10. Integration: Discuss how the knowledge of ethical decision-making models, awareness
of cognitive biases, and personal ethical values can be integrated for more effective and
principled decision-making.
11. Action Steps: Identify at least two action steps you can take to further develop your
ethical decision-making skills and enhance ethical awareness.