Three key ethical principles in research are: 1) Protecting participants from harm by considering if harm is possible from the study and if the study could be conducted differently. 2) Ensuring confidentiality of research data by only allowing the researchers access and allowing participants to withdraw. 3) Questioning the use of deception as it should only be used if justified and participants must be debriefed. A proposed study on the effects of failure and success on students' performance could cause emotional distress and the students may be deceived about their actual performance. Specific guidelines are also needed for research with children.

1. ETHICS AND
RESEARCH
ADILA JEFIZA
1201346

2. Webster’s New World Dictionary defines
ethical (behavior) as “conforming to the
standards of conduct of a given profession
or group”

3. Three important ethical principles
Protecting participants
from harm
Ensuring confidentiality
of research data
Questioning of
deception of subjects

4. Protecting participants from harm
Important ethical questions about harm in study
Could people be harmed (physically or
psychologically) during the study?
If so, could the study be conducted in another way
to find out what the researcher wants to know?
Is the information from the study so important that it
warrants possible harm to the participants?

5. Ensuring Confidentiality of
Research Data
Once the data have been collected,
researchers should make sure that no one
else has access to the data
 All subjects should be assured that
any data collected from them will be held
in confidence
All participants should always have the
right to withdraw from the study

6. • Example of consent from

7. Should subject be deceived?
• A researcher should conduct the study
using method that do not require
deception
• The researcher must determine whether
the use of deception is justified by the
prospective study’s scientific, educational
• If the participants are deceived, the
participants are provided with sufficient
explanation as soon as possible

8. A study that involving ethical
concern
A researcher plan a study the effects of
“failure” versus “success” by teaching
junior high school students . The
researcher plans to randomly divide the
students into two group-half will be told
their performance was “relatively poor”
and the other half will be told “doing well”.
Their actual performance will be ignored.

9. • Students in the “failure” group
Possibility may well suffer emotional distress
of harm
• Confidentiality does not appear to
Confidentiali be an issue in this study
ty of data
Deception

10. Research with Children
Specific guidelines need to be considered:
• Informed consent of parents
• Researcher do not present themselves as
diagnosticians or counselors in reporting
result to parents
• Children may never be coerced into
participation
• Form of remuneration for the child’s do not
affect ethical principles

11. Regulation of Research