According to the document: - Refusing medical treatment for critically ill children on religious grounds raises complex ethical issues regarding children's rights, parental rights, and medical ethics principles. - Nurses are committed to providing evidence-based, culturally sensitive care that respects patient autonomy while protecting vulnerable groups like children. - International laws and ethics codes recognize every person's right to health and medical treatment, including children whose parents refuse care for religious reasons, putting the child's life and well-being at risk.

1. DO PARENTS HARM THEIR
CHILDREN WHEN THE REFUSE
MEDICAL TREATMENT ON
RELIGIOUS GRAUNDS

2. Introduction
• Refuse medical treatment of critically ill children is
a controversy and ethically difficult area. The legal
and ethical aspects of caring for such children.
• Many people, historically and in today's society, let
religion guide their everyday lives.

3. • Patients need clear, evidence-based medical
information so that they can make their own
decisions about whether to consent to or refuse
medical treatment.

4. Ethical Concern of parent refuse
medical treatment
• A health care is based on autonomy, benefit to the patient,
justice and non-maleficence ( "do no harm" )principles.
• Moral rules are principles that should guide professional
conduct.
• When families Refuse medical treatment some ethical issue
may raised.
• The treatment of children with attention deficit has raised a
number of legal issues.

5. • When parents refuse medical treatment for their
Children on religious grounds, numerous
Constitutional issues are raised, such as freedom of
religion, right to privacy, and fundamental liberty
interests associated with parenting.

6. • Professional nursing integrates values-based
practice and evidence-based care with cultural
humility when providing culturally responsive
family-centered culture care. Each person's
worldview is unique as influenced by culture,
language, and religion, among other factors.

7. Parent Refusal medical Treatment
RelatedEthicalDilemma
• The rights and vulnerabilities of children and young
people relative to respect for individuals, maintaining
trust and competence to make valid decisions
• There are situations in which refusal to provide
treatment according to a patient's request may be
justified by ethical rules and principles of medical
ethics.

8. • There are multiple legal concerns relevant to
children's and policymakers must be identified and
addressed. Obtaining informed consent from
children and parents may be particularly challenging
during certain health problem of children.

9. PARENTS HARM THEIR CHILDREN WHEN
THE REFUSE MEDICAL TREATMENT ON
RELIGIOUS GRAUNDS
Because according to my opinion;
• According to American Nurses Association Code
of Ethics for Nurses Provision 2” The nurse’s
primary commitment is to the patient, whether an
individual, family, group, community, or
population.”

10. • When families refuse medical treatment for their
children because of religion, they harm their
children. According to my opinion nurse
commitment have great role to children treatments
so provition 2 of ANA support my idea.

11. • International Council of Nurses (ICN) code of ethics
for nurses 1.Nurse and patients or other people
requiring care or service 1.3 “Nurses ensure that the
individual and family receive understandable, accurate,
sufficient and timely information in a manner
appropriate to the patient’s culture, linguistic, cognitive
and physical needs, and psychological state on which to
base consent for care and related treatment”

12. • so according to above ICN Every parent understand about
the treatment of her children regarding religious view. After
understanding parents is better to pray to God and give
medical treatment. if not parents harm their children.
Because according to my opinion, that God gave His
wisdom to the health professionals to support patients.
Therefore, religions and treatment are mutually supportive
ideas and the family of the child should understand this.

13. • Ethical issues raises when parents refuse medical treatment for
their ill children. The children rights may be broken. Such as, the
right to live and grow up healthy, the right to be treated etc..
• Nurse and state continue considering such point of view as
neglect, and abuse of the children. We should make it a priority to
protect children from parental neglect and abuse in case of
withholding medical treatment, which in many cases leads to
death.

14. • According to American Nurses Association Code
of Ethics for Nurses Provision 4, “The nurse has
authority, accountability and responsibility for
nursing practice; makes decisions; and takes action
consistent with the obligation to provide optimal
patient care.”

15. • So according to my opinion nurse have makes
decisions that some parents make a decision to
withhold their children from being medically treated
because above ANA provision 4 support my idea
that nurse takes action to optimize children health.

16. • parental decision of withdrawal of a child from a
certain medical treatment may put a minor at risk of
getting health complications or even leads to death
of children if timely not treated.

17. • According to international council of nurse
(ICN) 1. Nurse and patients or other people
requiring care or services 1.10 “Nurses provide
evidence- informed, person-centered care,
recognizing and using the values and principles of
primary health care and health promotion across the
lifespan”.

18. • Nurse enhance their ability to promoting health in
making a right decision for their children. It is
important to promote the knowledge of the available
treatment options that can help sick children.so ICN
1,1.10 above support my view on parental refuse of
treatments.

19. • According to international council of nurse
(ICN) 2.Nurse and practice 2.10. “Nurses take
appropriate actions to safeguard individuals,
families, communities and populations when their
health is endangered by a co-worker, any other
person, policy, practice or misuse of technology”.

20. • According to my opinion Nurse, take appropriate
actions to promote the health of children’s even how
wrong or many challenging things faced to do not
promote the health of the children.so above ICN
2,2.10 support me that nurse take appropriate
actions when the health of child under dangerous.

21. • Article 24, part 1, paragraph 1, of the UN
Conventions on the Rights of the Child
recognizes the right of the child to the “enjoyment
of the highest attainable standard of health and to
facilities for the treatment of illness and
rehabilitation of health (p.7).”

22. • According to the above article the children should
be happy with good health and should be treated in
a manner that facilitates the conditions for the
illness and also the child's health should be restored.

23. According to ethical theories
• utilitarianism(consequentialism)
If outcome is good do it says so according to my
opinion it supports my idea. Because, when we give
medical treatment to a child, we want the child to
recover from his illness and this is to do good for
child .

24. ETHICAL PRINCIPLE
• Beneficence: is the ethical principle which morally
obligates to do positive and rightful things. It is
“doing what is best to the patient.” so according to
this ethical principles when I give medical treatment
the children recover from the health problems this is
doing good for children. this ethical principle can
support my opinions.

25. • Non-maleficence; This principle asserts an obligation
to not inflict harm on others and is the basis for the
injunction in many medical ethics codes to “do no
harm.” according to this principle when I give treatment
for ill children to recover from illness I do not harm the
children ,I indirectly support the children so, this
principle support my opinion.

26. conclusions;
• The other biggest problem of many parents in our
society is that they often take children to the church
or religious issue instead of bringing them to the
hospital immediately that leads to children seriously
illed this may be a problem of lack of faith to what
you believe according to my opinions.

27. • Children are more vulnerable to many disease
because they have low immunity so, it is better to
treat children as soon as possible early.
• Religious belief are not a defense for refusing
medical treatment to children.

28. THANK YOU ALL