Etc services is made of ports! (and people!)

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Every computer, Windows, Mac, and *nix alike, includes some variation of the /etc/services file, the rare file that is both machine-usable and human-readable, so that applications and people alike can know what ports are meant to be used for what purposes. But the further you go into this 13,000-line file, the more traces of humanity you see — names, email addresses, and dates paired with information about ports and the apps that claim them. Who are these folks? How did their names get in the file that came with your OS? Why does “chipper” get port 17219 and “octopus“ claim port 10008? Who oversees this vital file that puts the “ssh” with port 22 when you netstat? And how could you get your own piece of port-assignment glory?

Technology

/etc/services is made of
ports! (and people!)
Breanne Boland
@breanneboland
:D

whoami
@breanneboland or breanneboland.com
Your friendly local SRE
Found /etc/services by perpetually asking how coworkers knew things

The journey ahead
- What is /etc/services?
- Where does it come from, and who controls it??
- Who are these people listed in this file???
- How do you achieve /etc/services immortality for yourself????

cat /etc/services
Any Windows or Unix-based OS has some version
of this file.
Windows:
C:WindowsSystem32driversetcservices
Overseen by IANA, influenced by the IETF

florence 1228/udp # FLORENCE
florence 1228/tcp # FLORENCE
# Brian Trammell <btrammell@iventurelab.com>
novell-zfs 1229/udp # Novell ZFS
novell-zfs 1229/tcp # Novell ZFS
# Ty Ellis <tellis@novell.com>
periscope 1230/udp # Periscope
periscope 1230/tcp # Periscope
# Kevin Madden <Kevin@emailxtras.com>
menandmice-lpm 1231/udp # menandmice-lpm
menandmice-lpm 1231/tcp # menandmice-lpm
# Sigfus Magnusson <sigfusm@menandmice.com>
##### Microsoft (unofficially) using 1232 #####
univ-appserver 1233/udp # Universal App Server
univ-appserver 1233/tcp # Universal App Server
# Tim Sent <tim.sent@systemsarchitects.com>
search-agent 1234/udp # Infoseek Search Agent
search-agent 1234/tcp # Infoseek Search Agent
# Jackie Wu <jackiew@infoseek.com>
mosaicsyssvc1 1235/udp # mosaicsyssvc1
mosaicsyssvc1 1235/tcp # mosaicsyssvc1
# Brian Matthews <bmatthews@mosaicsystems.com>
bvcontrol 1236/udp # bvcontrol
bvcontrol 1236/tcp # bvcontrol
# Daniel J Walsh <dwalsh@bindview.com>

ssh 22/udp # SSH Remote Login Protocol
ssh 22/tcp # SSH Remote Login Protocol
# Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>

chipper 17219/udp # Chipper
chipper 17219/tcp # Chipper
# Ronald Jimmink <Ronald.Jimmink@chipper.nl>

octopus 10008/udp # Octopus Multiplexer
octopus 10008/tcp # Octopus Multiplexer
# Chris Koeritz <fred@gruntose.com>
October 2002

kazaa 1214/udp # KAZAA
kazaa 1214/tcp # KAZAA
# Ahti Heinla <ahti@ahti.bluemoon.ee>

What about the other 65,000+ ports?
0-1023: system ports (or well-known ports)
1024-49151: user ports (or registered ports)
49152-65535: private ports (or dynamic ports)

getservent()
getservbyname()
getservbyport()
setservent()
endservent()

telnet localhost 25
telnet localhost smtp

bb 1984/udp # BB
bb 1984/tcp # BB
# Sean MacGuire <sean@maclawran.ca>

> How did you come to be the person in
charge of reserving the port?
I designed the HTTP protocol

http 80/udp www www-http # World Wide Web HTTP
http 80/tcp www www-http # World Wide Web HTTP
# Tim Berners-Lee <timbl@W3.org>

digivote 3223/udp # DIGIVOTE (R) Vote-Server
digivote 3223/tcp # DIGIVOTE (R) Vote-Server
# Christian Treczoks <ct@braehler.com>

lupa 1212/udp # lupa
lupa 1212/tcp # lupa
# Barney Wolff <barney@databus.com>

so-many-folks ∞/tcp
# more stories than I can tell today

your-service 99999/udp # endless possibilities
your-service 99999/tcp # seriously like anything
# !!con West Attendee <iwentto!!con@aol.com>

What I leave you with
There are, as ever, no computers without people
Read the RFC
It’s not too late to be immortalized in /etc/services
Let me know if you are, please

Thank you 💖
Breanne Boland
SRE at Nylas (we’re hiring!)
@breanneboland
breanneboland.com for the bloggy version, wheeeeee

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Etc services is made of ports! (and people!)

1. /etc/services is made of ports! (and people!) Breanne Boland @breanneboland :D

2. whoami @breanneboland or breanneboland.com Your friendly local SRE Found /etc/services by perpetually asking how coworkers knew things

3. The journey ahead - What is /etc/services? - Where does it come from, and who controls it?? - Who are these people listed in this file??? - How do you achieve /etc/services immortality for yourself????

4. cat /etc/services Any Windows or Unix-based OS has some version of this file. Windows: C:WindowsSystem32driversetcservices Overseen by IANA, influenced by the IETF

5. florence 1228/udp # FLORENCE florence 1228/tcp # FLORENCE # Brian Trammell <btrammell@iventurelab.com> novell-zfs 1229/udp # Novell ZFS novell-zfs 1229/tcp # Novell ZFS # Ty Ellis <tellis@novell.com> periscope 1230/udp # Periscope periscope 1230/tcp # Periscope # Kevin Madden <Kevin@emailxtras.com> menandmice-lpm 1231/udp # menandmice-lpm menandmice-lpm 1231/tcp # menandmice-lpm # Sigfus Magnusson <sigfusm@menandmice.com> ##### Microsoft (unofficially) using 1232 ##### univ-appserver 1233/udp # Universal App Server univ-appserver 1233/tcp # Universal App Server # Tim Sent <tim.sent@systemsarchitects.com> search-agent 1234/udp # Infoseek Search Agent search-agent 1234/tcp # Infoseek Search Agent # Jackie Wu <jackiew@infoseek.com> mosaicsyssvc1 1235/udp # mosaicsyssvc1 mosaicsyssvc1 1235/tcp # mosaicsyssvc1 # Brian Matthews <bmatthews@mosaicsystems.com> bvcontrol 1236/udp # bvcontrol bvcontrol 1236/tcp # bvcontrol # Daniel J Walsh <dwalsh@bindview.com>

7. ssh 22/udp # SSH Remote Login Protocol ssh 22/tcp # SSH Remote Login Protocol # Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>

8. chipper 17219/udp # Chipper chipper 17219/tcp # Chipper # Ronald Jimmink <Ronald.Jimmink@chipper.nl>

9. octopus 10008/udp # Octopus Multiplexer octopus 10008/tcp # Octopus Multiplexer # Chris Koeritz <fred@gruntose.com> October 2002

10. kazaa 1214/udp # KAZAA kazaa 1214/tcp # KAZAA # Ahti Heinla <ahti@ahti.bluemoon.ee>

11. What about the other 65,000+ ports? 0-1023: system ports (or well-known ports) 1024-49151: user ports (or registered ports) 49152-65535: private ports (or dynamic ports)

12. getservent() getservbyname() getservbyport() setservent() endservent()

13. telnet localhost 25 telnet localhost smtp

14. netstat!

15.

16. bb 1984/udp # BB bb 1984/tcp # BB # Sean MacGuire <sean@maclawran.ca>

17.

18. > How did you come to be the person in charge of reserving the port? I designed the HTTP protocol

19. http 80/udp www www-http # World Wide Web HTTP http 80/tcp www www-http # World Wide Web HTTP # Tim Berners-Lee <timbl@W3.org>

20. digivote 3223/udp # DIGIVOTE (R) Vote-Server digivote 3223/tcp # DIGIVOTE (R) Vote-Server # Christian Treczoks <ct@braehler.com>

21. lupa 1212/udp # lupa lupa 1212/tcp # lupa # Barney Wolff <barney@databus.com>

22. so-many-folks ∞/tcp # more stories than I can tell today

23. RTFRFC

24.

25.

26. your-service 99999/udp # endless possibilities your-service 99999/tcp # seriously like anything # !!con West Attendee <iwentto!!con@aol.com>

27.

28. What I leave you with There are, as ever, no computers without people Read the RFC It’s not too late to be immortalized in /etc/services Let me know if you are, please

29. Thank you 💖 Breanne Boland SRE at Nylas (we’re hiring!) @breanneboland breanneboland.com for the bloggy version, wheeeeee

Etc services is made of ports! (and people!)

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